1 / 60 句0 词已学
1go over
仔细检查
讲解表示仔细检查、核对，比check更强调逐项审阅；也指复习功课
记忆go(走)+over(从头到尾)→从头到尾走一遍→仔细检查
搭配go over the details / go over the notes / go over a plan
近义examine / review / check through
派生go-over（名词，审查）
Before submitting the report, the manager asked me to go over every figure carefully.
在提交报告之前，经理让我仔细检查每一个数字。
2space probe
空间探测器
讲解指无人驾驶、用于探测外层空间的航天器，与载人spacecraft区分
记忆probe本义探针，空间探测如同向宇宙扎一根探针
搭配launch a space probe / an unmanned space probe
近义spacecraft / satellite / explorer
派生probe（动词，探查）
The space probe sent back astonishing images of the planet's icy surface.
这艘空间探测器传回了该行星冰冷表面的惊人图像。
3coconut palm
椰子树
讲解palm指棕榈科植物，coconut palm特指产椰子的椰子树
记忆coconut(椰子)+palm(棕榈)→结椰子的棕榈
搭配a coconut palm tree / a grove of coconut palms
近义palm tree / coconut tree
Tall coconut palms swayed gently along the tropical beach in the evening breeze.
傍晚微风中，高大的椰子树在热带海滩边轻轻摇曳。
4distinct volcano
独特的火山
讲解distinct强调外形或特征明显不同、易辨认；修饰地貌时含独特之意
记忆distinct与distinguish同源，意为能区分出来的
搭配a distinct feature / a distinct shape / a distinct species
近义distinctive / unique / unmistakable
This distinct volcano has a perfectly symmetrical cone rarely seen elsewhere on Earth.
这座独特的火山拥有地球上别处罕见、近乎完美的对称锥形。
5plant pigment
植物色素
讲解pigment指赋予生物颜色的色素，植物色素常见如叶绿素、类胡萝卜素
记忆联想paint(颜料)，pigment即天然颜料
搭配plant pigment / natural pigment / pigment production
近义colouring / dye
派生pigmented（有色的）
Chlorophyll, the main plant pigment, allows leaves to absorb light for photosynthesis.
叶绿素这一主要的植物色素使叶子能够吸收光进行光合作用。
6tiny pinprick
小点，小针孔
讲解指针尖刺出般极小的点，常比喻微小或遥远的事物
记忆pin(针)+prick(刺)→针刺出的小孔→小点
搭配a tiny pinprick of light / a pinprick of pain
近义speck / dot / pinpoint
From the plane, the distant villages appeared as tiny pinpricks of light below.
从飞机上望去，远处的村庄只是下方一点点微弱的光。
7global design competition
全球设计比赛
讲解可数名词短语，常与 win/enter/hold 搭配；雅思写作谈竞赛、人才时可作论据
搭配win a global design competition, enter a global design competition, host a global design competition
近义international design contest, worldwide design challenge
派生global design competitor
Winning the global design competition brought her instant recognition among architects worldwide.
赢得这场全球设计比赛让她立刻获得了全世界建筑师的认可。
8travel package
包价旅游
讲解可数名词短语，指旅行社打包定价的产品；口语谈旅游方式时常用
搭配book a travel package, an all-inclusive travel package, a cheap travel package
近义package tour, package holiday
反义independent travel, DIY trip
Many families prefer a travel package because it covers flights, hotels and meals.
许多家庭更喜欢包价旅游，因为它涵盖机票、酒店和餐食。
9assistance system
辅助系统
讲解可数名词短语，多用于科技与交通话题；常与 install/develop/use 搭配
搭配a driver assistance system, install an assistance system, an intelligent assistance system
近义support system, aid system
派生assist (v.), assistant (n.)
The new driver assistance system warns you before a possible collision.
新的驾驶辅助系统会在可能发生碰撞前提醒你。
10frost-weathered boulders
霜冻风化的巨石
讲解名词短语，多用于地理、地质类阅读；frost-weathered 为复合形容词修饰 boulders
搭配frost-weathered rock, scattered boulders, weathered surface
近义frost-shattered rocks, eroded stones
派生weather (v. 风化), weathering (n.)
Scientists examined the frost-weathered boulders scattered across the valley floor.
科学家们检查了散落在谷底的霜冻风化巨石。
11numerous studies
众多的研究
讲解复数名词短语，学术写作中常引出证据；后接 have shown/found/suggested
搭配numerous studies show, according to numerous studies, numerous studies on
近义a large body of research, extensive research
反义few studies, little research
Numerous studies have shown that regular exercise improves mental health.
众多研究表明，规律运动能改善心理健康。
12travel agent
旅行代办人；旅行代理商
讲解可数名词短语，指提供订票订房服务的人；口语旅游话题常见
搭配consult a travel agent, an online travel agent, through a travel agent
近义tour operator, booking agent
派生travel agency (n. 旅行社)
The travel agent booked our flights and found a hotel within our budget.
旅行代理商为我们订了机票，并找到一家在预算内的酒店。
13traffic accident
交通事故
讲解可数名词短语，泛指用复数 traffic accidents，特指某起事故用 a traffic accident
搭配cause a traffic accident, be involved in a traffic accident, a fatal traffic accident
近义road accident, car crash, collision
派生traffic accident rate（交通事故率）
The new safety rules have reduced traffic accidents on this highway by nearly thirty percent.
新的安全规则使这条高速公路上的交通事故减少了近百分之三十。
14light up
照亮；发亮
讲解可作及物或不及物：light up sth / sth lights up；也引申指「（脸上）露出喜色」
记忆light（光）+ up（完全地）→ 完全被光照亮
搭配light up a room, light up the sky, light up with joy
近义brighten, illuminate, cheer up
反义darken, dim
Festive lanterns light up the entire street, attracting thousands of visitors every winter evening.
节日灯笼照亮了整条街道，每个冬夜都吸引数千名游客。
15employment law
劳动法
讲解不可数名词，指调整雇佣关系的法律体系；常与 under/by 连用
搭配violate employment law, employment law regulations, a specialist in employment law
近义labour law, industrial law
派生employment lawyer（劳动法律师）
Under employment law, companies must give staff written notice before terminating their contracts.
根据劳动法，公司在终止合同前必须向员工发出书面通知。
16exhaust pipe
排气管
讲解可数名词，指车辆排放废气的管道；环保话题常与 emission、pollution 同现
搭配a blocked exhaust pipe, exhaust pipe emissions, rust on the exhaust pipe
近义tailpipe（美式）
派生exhaust fumes（废气）
Black smoke poured from the exhaust pipe as the old truck climbed the steep hill.
旧卡车爬上陡坡时，黑烟从排气管中滚滚冒出。
17land survey
土地测量
讲解可数名词短语，指对地形、边界、面积的测量；动词搭配常用 carry out / conduct
搭配conduct a land survey, an aerial land survey, land survey data
近义topographic survey, land measurement
派生land surveyor（土地测量员）
Before building the dam, engineers carried out a detailed land survey of the whole valley.
在修建大坝之前，工程师对整个山谷进行了详细的土地测量。
18straight away
立刻；马上
讲解英式口语常用，多置于句末；美式常说 right away，正式书面语用 immediately
搭配come straight away, do it straight away, leave straight away
近义immediately, at once, right away
反义later, after a while
If you feel unwell during the exam, please raise your hand and the invigilator will come straight away.
如果考试期间感到不适，请举手，监考老师会立刻过来。
19not add up
不合情理；说不通
讲解用于口语和写作，表示逻辑或事实不一致，主语常为理由、证据、说法等。
记忆add up 本义为“加起来”，账目加不拢即“说不通”。
搭配not add up to much；the facts don't add up；something doesn't add up
近义make sense；hold water；be inconsistent
反义add up；make sense
His explanation for the missing money simply does not add up.
他对丢失的钱的解释根本说不通。
20major subject
主修科目
讲解多用于教育类话题，指大学主修的专业科目，也可说 major 或 main subject。
搭配choose a major subject；study a major subject；major subject area
近义main subject；specialization；field of study
反义minor subject；elective
She chose economics as her major subject because she wants to work in finance.
她选择经济学作为主修科目，因为她想从事金融工作。
21export sector
出口行业
讲解常用于经济类雅思写作，指一国或地区从事出口的产业部门。
搭配boost the export sector；export sector growth；the manufacturing export sector
近义export industry；overseas trade sector
反义import sector；domestic sector
The export sector has grown rapidly since the government reduced trade barriers.
自从政府减少贸易壁垒以来，出口行业迅速增长。
22historical overview
历史概述
讲解用于学术写作和讲座场景，指对历史背景的概括性介绍。
搭配provide a historical overview；brief historical overview；historical overview of
近义historical summary；background review
反义detailed analysis；in-depth study
The professor gave a brief historical overview before discussing the main causes of the war.
教授在讨论战争主要原因之前，先简要作了历史概述。
23marshy area
沼泽地区
讲解多用于环境、地理类阅读和写作，指湿地或沼泽地带。
搭配protect marshy areas；drain a marshy area；wildlife in marshy areas
近义wetland；swampy region；boggy area
反义dry land；arid zone
Many rare birds migrate to this marshy area during the winter months.
许多稀有鸟类在冬季迁徙到这片沼泽地区。
24unpaid community service
免费社区服务
讲解常见于教育和社会责任类话题，强调服务无报酬但具社会价值。
搭配complete unpaid community service；require unpaid community service；volunteer for community service
近义voluntary work；volunteer service；charity work
反义paid employment；commercial work
Some schools require students to complete unpaid community service before graduation.
一些学校要求学生在毕业前完成无偿社区服务。
25stem from
来自于
讲解stem from 表示“起源于、由……造成”，主语多为问题、现象、情绪，后接原因，常用于雅思写作因果分析。
搭配stem from poverty / stem from a lack of / problems stemming from
近义arise from / result from / originate from
反义lead to / give rise to
Many social problems in cities stem from a lack of affordable housing.
城市中的许多社会问题源于缺乏经济适用房。
26retired people
退休人员
讲解retired people 指“退休人员”，作复数名词短语；泛指一类人时前面通常不加 the，谓语用复数。
搭配help retired people / retired people over 65 / care for retired people
近义pensioners / senior citizens / the elderly
反义working-age population / young workers
Retired people often have more free time to travel and pursue hobbies.
退休人员通常有更多空闲时间去旅行和追求爱好。
27be restricted to
限制于
讲解be restricted to 表示“仅限于”，to 后接名词或动名词；强调范围受限，雅思写作常用被动语态。
搭配be restricted to members / be restricted to certain areas / access restricted to
近义be limited to / be confined to / be confined within
反义be open to / be available to
Free medical treatment is restricted to citizens with permanent residency.
免费医疗仅限于拥有永久居留权的公民。
28cognitive mechanism
认知机制
讲解cognitive mechanism 指“认知机制”，学术语境常用复数 mechanisms；多用于心理学、教育类话题。
搭配underlying cognitive mechanisms / study cognitive mechanisms / cognitive mechanism of learning
近义mental process / cognitive process
派生cognition (n.) / cognitive (adj.)
Scientists are still exploring the cognitive mechanisms behind human memory.
科学家仍在探索人类记忆背后的认知机制。
29meter reading
仪表读数
讲解meter reading 指“抄表、仪表读数”，可指动作也可指读数值；常见于能源、水务等生活场景。
搭配take a meter reading / automatic meter reading / electricity meter reading
近义reading / gauge reading
The company sends staff to do meter reading in every neighbourhood each month.
公司每月派员工到各个社区抄表。
30guided walk
有导游的徒步之旅
讲解guided walk 指“有导游带领的徒步游览”，常用于旅游、休闲话题；guided 为过去分词作定语。
搭配join a guided walk / a guided walk around / go on a guided walk
近义guided tour / walking tour
派生guide (n./v.) / guiding (adj.)
We joined a guided walk through the old town to learn its history.
我们参加了老城区的有导游徒步之旅，了解它的历史。
31chronic illness
慢性病
讲解chronic 强调长期性、难以根治，常与 illness/disease/pain 搭配，雅思健康类话题高频。
搭配chronic disease, chronic pain, chronic shortage
近义long-term illness, persistent disease
反义acute illness, temporary condition
派生chronically (adv.) 长期地
Millions of elderly people struggle daily with chronic illness and limited access to healthcare.
数百万老年人每天都在与慢性病和有限的医疗资源作斗争。
32evolutionary advantage
进化优势
讲解用于解释某特征为何在进化中被保留，雅思阅读生物类文章常见，写作可用于论证人类行为成因。
搭配gain an evolutionary advantage, confer an evolutionary advantage
近义adaptive advantage, survival benefit
反义evolutionary disadvantage
派生evolution (n.), evolve (v.), evolutionary (adj.)
Scientists believe that the ability to cooperate gave early humans a significant evolutionary advantage.
科学家认为，合作能力赋予了早期人类显著的进化优势。
33be inspired by
受…的启发
讲解be inspired by 后接人或事物，强调外部触发的灵感；口语中常用于谈偶像或动机来源。
搭配be inspired by sb/sth, inspire sb to do sth
近义be motivated by, be influenced by
反义be discouraged by, be deterred by
派生inspiration (n.), inspiring (adj.)
Many young entrepreneurs are inspired by the success stories of tech giants like Steve Jobs.
许多年轻创业者受到史蒂夫·乔布斯等科技巨头成功故事的启发。
34national standards of quality
国家质量标准
讲解用于讨论产品质量监管，雅思写作政府类话题中常与 regulation、inspection 等词并列出现。
搭配meet national standards, set national standards
近义state quality requirements, official quality benchmarks
派生standardise (v.), standardisation (n.)
Imported food must meet national standards of quality before it can be sold in supermarkets.
进口食品必须达到国家质量标准才能在超市销售。
35authority figure
权威人物
讲解指在社会或组织中拥有权力的人，常用于教育、心理学及社会类话题，注意 figure 此处指人物。
搭配respect authority figures, challenge authority figures
近义person in authority, power holder
反义subordinate, peer
派生authoritative (adj.), authority (n.)
Children often obey authority figures without questioning whether their instructions are reasonable.
孩子们常常服从权威人物，而不质疑他们的指令是否合理。
36without the proper authority
未经许可
讲解强调缺乏合法许可，语气正式，常用于法律、新闻伦理类语境，写作中可替代 without permission。
搭配act without proper authority, grant proper authority
近义without permission, without consent
反义with due authorisation
派生authorise (v.), authorisation (n.)
Journalists should never publish private information without the proper authority from the individuals concerned.
记者绝不应在未经当事人正式授权的情况下发布私人信息。
37animal migration
动物迁徙
讲解指动物随季节成群移动的现象，雅思阅读常考生态类话题
搭配animal migration patterns, seasonal migration, mass migration
近义wildlife migration, seasonal movement
派生migrate (v.), migratory (adj.)
Scientists track animal migration across the Serengeti to understand how climate change alters ancient routes.
科学家追踪塞伦盖蒂的动物迁徙，以了解气候变化如何改变古老的路线。
38succumb to
屈服于某物；死于
讲解后接 to，可指屈服于压力诱惑，也可指因病或伤而死
搭配succumb to pressure, succumb to temptation, succumb to illness
近义give in to, yield to, fall victim to
反义resist, overcome
Many small businesses succumb to fierce competition within their first two years of operation.
许多小企业在运营的头两年内就因激烈竞争而倒闭。
39river estuary
河湾；河口三角洲
讲解指河流入海处，淡咸水交汇，生态类写作常用
搭配estuary ecosystem, tidal estuary
近义river mouth, delta
派生estuarine (adj.)
The river estuary provides a rich habitat for countless species of fish and migratory birds.
这条河的河口为无数鱼类和候鸟提供了丰富的栖息地。
40landfill site
垃圾掩埋地点
讲解指专门掩埋垃圾的场地，环保话题高频
搭配landfill site, waste disposal, landfill gas
近义rubbish dump, waste site
派生landfill (n./v.)
Local residents protested against building a new landfill site near their neighbourhood.
当地居民抗议在社区附近新建垃圾填埋场。
41sort through
整理
讲解指仔细翻查整理，常与 through 连用
搭配sort through data, sort through documents
近义sift through, go through
反义mix up
Volunteers spent the weekend sorting through donations to find clothes suitable for winter.
志愿者们花了一个周末整理捐赠物，寻找适合过冬的衣物。
42vegetative state
植物状态
讲解医学用语，指大脑受损后无意识但仍有基本生命体征
搭配persistent vegetative state, in a vegetative state
近义unconscious state
派生vegetation (n.), vegetative (adj.)
After the accident, the patient remained in a vegetative state for several months.
事故之后，病人处于植物状态长达数月。
43stray away
偏离
讲解不及物动词短语，常与from连用，表示偏离正轨、主题或期望
记忆stray本义为“迷路、流浪”，迷路即偏离正途
搭配stray away from the point / stray away from tradition / stray away from the topic
近义wander off / deviate from / drift away
反义stick to / adhere to
Young people often stray away from their parents' expectations when choosing a career.
年轻人在选择职业时常常偏离父母的期望。
44devastating problem
毁灭性的问题
讲解写作高分搭配，devastating强调破坏力极强，常用于环境、灾害类话题
记忆联想devastate（摧毁），-ing形容词化
搭配pose a devastating problem / a devastating problem for / face a devastating problem
近义catastrophic problem / disastrous issue
反义minor issue / trivial matter
Climate change poses a devastating problem for low-lying island nations.
气候变化给低洼岛国带来了毁灭性的问题。
45line up
排成一行；排队(等候)
讲解既可指人排队，也可指物体排成一行；line up还可引申为“准备好、安排妥当”
搭配line up for tickets / line up outside / have sth lined up
近义queue up / form a queue
反义disperse / scatter
Hundreds of fans lined up outside the stadium hours before the concert.
数百名粉丝在演唱会开始前几小时就在体育场外排起了队。
46print out
打印出(计算机文件)
讲解动副短语，代词作宾语时须放中间，如print it out；名词可放后
记忆print（打印）+ out（出来），打印出来
搭配print out a document / print out copies / print sth out
近义run off / produce a hard copy
反义delete / erase
Please print out two copies of the report before the meeting starts.
请在会议开始前把报告打印两份。
47helicopter pilot
直升机飞行员
讲解复合名词，指驾驶直升机的人；类似结构有fighter pilot、airline pilot
搭配experienced helicopter pilot / rescue helicopter pilot
近义chopper pilot / aviator
派生pilot（动词：驾驶；引导）
The helicopter pilot skillfully landed on the roof of the burning building.
直升机飞行员熟练地将飞机降落在着火建筑的楼顶上。
48positive emotion
积极情绪
讲解心理学与健康类高频搭配，常与boost、generate、experience等动词连用
记忆positive（积极的）+ emotion（情绪）
搭配boost positive emotions / express positive emotions / a sense of positive emotion
近义good feelings / upbeat mood
反义negative emotion / pessimism
Regular exercise can boost positive emotions and reduce feelings of anxiety.
规律运动能提升积极情绪，减少焦虑感。
49make a lot of difference
有很大影响
讲解表示"产生重大影响"，后接to/for，雅思写作中常用于论证某措施的重要性
搭配make a difference to, make a big difference, make all the difference
近义have a significant impact, play a vital role
反义make no difference
Regular exercise can make a lot of difference to your overall health and mental well-being.
规律锻炼会对你的整体健康和心理健康产生很大影响。
50national brand
民族品牌
讲解指代表本国形象的本土品牌，雅思经济类话题中常与competitiveness、loyalty搭配
搭配promote national brands, build a national brand, national brand image
近义domestic brand, home-grown brand
反义foreign brand, imported brand
The government has launched a campaign to promote national brands in the global market.
政府发起了一项运动，以在全球市场上推广民族品牌。
51indigenous tribes
土著部落
讲解指原住民部落，雅思文化类话题中常涉及传统保护与文化多样性
搭配indigenous peoples, indigenous culture, protect indigenous tribes
近义native tribes, aboriginal communities
派生indigenousness
Indigenous tribes in the Amazon have developed unique ways of living in harmony with nature.
亚马逊的土著部落发展出了与自然和谐共处的独特生活方式。
52respiratory disease
呼吸道疾病
讲解医学与环境类高频搭配，雅思健康话题中常用来论证污染危害
搭配suffer from respiratory disease, respiratory infection, chronic respiratory disease
近义lung disease, breathing disorder
派生respiratory system
Air pollution in major cities has been linked to a sharp rise in respiratory disease.
大城市的空气污染与呼吸道疾病的急剧增加有关。
53industrial output
工业产量
讲解经济类核心术语，常与increase、decline、account for等动词搭配
搭配increase industrial output, industrial output value, decline in industrial output
近义manufacturing production, industrial production
反义agricultural output
The country's industrial output grew by nearly eight percent last year.
该国去年的工业产量增长了近百分之八。
54watercolour sketch
水彩速写
讲解指用透明水彩快速完成的写生画，艺术类话题中可与painting、portrait并列
搭配do a watercolour sketch, a quick watercolour sketch, sketch in watercolour
近义watercolour drawing, watercolour study
派生watercolourist
She spent the afternoon by the river, working on a small watercolour sketch of the bridge.
她在河边度过了一个下午，画了一幅桥的小幅水彩速写。
55avid hiker
喜欢徒步旅行的人
讲解avid 表示“热衷的、狂热的”，常修饰 reader/hhiker/fan，含积极投入之意
搭配an avid hiker, an avid reader, an avid fan
近义enthusiastic, keen, devoted
反义indifferent, reluctant
派生avidly (adv.) 热衷地
As an avid hiker, she spends every weekend exploring the trails in the nearby mountains.
作为一名热衷徒步的人，她每个周末都在附近山间小径上探索。
56conjure up
想起
讲解conjure up 指“使想起、使浮现”，宾语多为 memory/image/picture，语气比 recall 更生动
搭配conjure up memories, conjure up an image, conjure up the past
近义evoke, bring back, call to mind
反义suppress, erase
The old photographs conjure up vivid memories of my childhood summers by the sea.
这些老照片勾起了我对海边童年夏天的鲜活回忆。
57uneven lava plain
凹凸不平的熔岩平原
讲解uneven 指“不平整的”，lava plain 为地理术语，常见于雅思阅读自然类文章
搭配an uneven surface, a lava plain, a rocky plain
近义rough, irregular
反义even, smooth, flat
Walking across the uneven lava plain, the scientists collected samples of hardened rock.
科学家们走过凹凸不平的熔岩平原，采集了硬化岩石的样本。
58public transport
公共交通
讲解public transport 为英式表达，美式常说 public transportation，写作中常作环保话题论据
搭配use public transport, public transport system, rely on public transport
近义public transportation, mass transit
反义private car
Investing in public transport can significantly reduce traffic congestion and air pollution in cities.
投资公共交通能显著减少城市交通拥堵和空气污染。
59nuclear war
核战争
讲解nuclear war 常作不可数，谈论全球安全、和平话题时高频出现
搭配a nuclear war, the threat of nuclear war, nuclear weapons
近义atomic warfare
派生nuclear (adj.) 核的
Many people fear that a nuclear war would cause unimaginable damage to the entire planet.
许多人担心核战争会给整个地球带来难以想象的破坏。
60counterproductive approach
反作用的方法
讲解counterproductive 意为“产生反效果的”，写作中用于批评某做法，后常接 approach/measure/policy
搭配a counterproductive approach, prove counterproductive, a counterproductive measure
近义self-defeating, ineffective
反义effective, productive
派生counterproductively (adv.) 适得其反地
Spending more time on social media may be a counterproductive approach to reducing stress.
花更多时间在社交媒体上可能是减轻压力的一种适得其反的方法。