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1statutory public holiday
法定假日
讲解指法律明文规定的公共假日，强调强制性，常用于劳动法、雇佣合同语境
搭配statutory public holiday entitlement; on a statutory public holiday
近义legal holiday; official public holiday
派生statute n. 法规; statutory adj. 法定的
Employees are entitled to paid leave on every statutory public holiday.
员工在每个法定公共假日都有权享受带薪休假。
2French window
落地窗
讲解指落地式玻璃窗，通常成对，可作门使用；注意 window 常用复数 French windows
搭配French windows open onto; a pair of French windows
近义floor-to-ceiling window; French door
派生French door n. 落地玻璃门
The living room opens onto a small garden through tall French windows.
客厅通过高大的落地窗通向一个小花园。
3sense of triumph
成就感
讲解表示因成功或克服困难而产生的胜利感、成就感，语气比 sense of achievement 更强
搭配a sense of triumph over; feel a sense of triumph
近义sense of achievement; sense of victory
反义sense of defeat; sense of failure
Finishing the marathon gave her an overwhelming sense of triumph.
完成马拉松让她产生了一种强烈的成就感。
4enquiring instinct
探究的天性
讲解指人天生好奇、喜欢探究的倾向，多用于教育、心理学语境；enquiring 为英式拼写
搭配a natural enquiring instinct; satisfy one's enquiring instinct
近义curious nature; inquisitive instinct
派生enquire v. 询问; enquiring adj. 好奇探究的
Children's enquiring instinct drives them to ask endless questions about the world.
儿童探究的天性驱使他们不断追问关于世界的问题。
5derive...from...
从…中提取出…
讲解表示从某来源获得、提取某物，常用 derive A from B 或 A is derived from B
搭配derive pleasure from; derive benefit from; be derived from
近义obtain...from; extract...from
派生derivation n. 起源; derivative n. 衍生物
Scientists can derive valuable data from satellite images of the region.
科学家能从该地区的卫星图像中提取出有价值的数据。
6astronomical instrument
天文仪器
讲解指用于观测天体、测量天象的器械，如望远镜、星盘等，多用于历史或科普语境
搭配use an astronomical instrument; a precise astronomical instrument
近义celestial instrument; observatory device
派生astronomy n. 天文学; astronomer n. 天文学家
Ancient astronomers relied on simple astronomical instruments to track the planets.
古代天文学家依靠简单的天文仪器来追踪行星。
7mammoth tree
巨杉
讲解mammoth 本义为“猛犸象”，引申作形容词表示“巨大的”，mammoth tree 特指北美巨杉，也可泛指参天大树。
搭配mammoth tree, a giant mammoth tree, ancient mammoth trees
近义giant sequoia, colossal tree
派生mammoth (adj. 巨大的)
Tourists gasped at the mammoth tree whose trunk was wider than a small car.
游客们惊叹于那棵巨杉，它的树干比一辆小汽车还宽。
8leading industrial contributor
主要工业贡献者
讲解该短语多用于经济、产业类雅思写作，contributor 后常接介词 to，表示“对……的贡献者/来源”。
搭配leading industrial contributor, a major contributor to, contributor to growth
近义main industrial driver, key economic contributor
派生contribute (v.), contribution (n.)
Manufacturing remains the leading industrial contributor to the region's economic growth.
制造业仍是该地区经济增长的主要工业贡献者。
9draw on
凭借；利用
讲解draw on 意为“利用、凭借（经验、资源等）”，后接名词，多用于学术与写作语境。
搭配draw on experience, draw on resources, draw on data
近义rely on, make use of, tap into
反义do without
Researchers often draw on data from multiple sources to support their conclusions.
研究人员常常利用多个来源的数据来支持他们的结论。
10religious conviction
宗教信仰
讲解conviction 指坚定的信念或信仰，religious conviction 常作可数名词，也可用复数 convictions。
搭配strong religious conviction, deep religious convictions, hold a conviction
近义religious belief, faith
派生conviction (n.), convinced (adj.)
Her religious conviction gave her strength during the most difficult years of her life.
她的宗教信仰在她人生最艰难的岁月里给了她力量。
11in broad terms
宽泛地说，广义上讲
讲解in broad terms 用于概述或概括，常置于句首，后接对整体情况的总结性陈述。
搭配in broad terms, broadly speaking, in general terms
近义generally speaking, broadly speaking
反义in precise terms, specifically
In broad terms, the policy aims to reduce both poverty and unemployment.
从广义上讲，该政策旨在同时减少贫困和失业。
12sudden proliferation
突然猛增
讲解proliferation 指数量上的迅速增加，sudden proliferation 强调增长的突然性，多用于描述现象或趋势。
搭配sudden proliferation of, rapid proliferation, the proliferation of technology
近义sharp increase, rapid expansion, surge
反义decline, decrease
派生proliferate (v.), proliferative (adj.)
The sudden proliferation of online courses has transformed how students access education.
在线课程的突然激增改变了学生接受教育的方式。
13pose a threat to
对…构成威胁
讲解及物短语，threat 前可加 serious/major/grave 等形容词，后接 to + 名词。
搭配pose a threat to sb/sth, pose a serious threat, pose a threat to health
近义be a danger to, endanger, jeopardize
反义protect, safeguard
Rising sea levels pose a serious threat to low-lying island nations.
海平面上升对低洼岛国构成了严重威胁。
14indigenous people
当地人
讲解指某地原住民，作定语时常用 indigenous；泛指当地居民也可用 local people。
搭配indigenous people, indigenous culture, indigenous community
近义native people, aboriginal people, local inhabitants
反义settlers, immigrants
The government finally recognized the land rights of indigenous people.
政府最终承认了当地人的土地权利。
15per capita
人均
讲解形容词/副词用法，直接置于名词前，如 per capita income/GDP，不加 of。
搭配per capita income, per capita GDP, per capita consumption
近义per person, per head
派生per-capita（作定语，常加连字符）
Per capita income in the region has doubled over the past decade.
该地区的人均收入在过去十年间翻了一番。
16pour into
大量涌入
讲解强调大量、持续地涌入，主语多为人群、资金、信息等；into 后接地点或领域。
搭配pour into the city, pour money into, pour in
近义flood into, stream into, swarm into
反义trickle out, drain away
Millions of tourists pour into the ancient city every summer.
每年夏天数百万游客涌入这座古城。
17bear...out
为…作证，证实，支持
讲解及物短语，宾语多为 claim/theory/statement 等，常后接 that 从句，可用于被动。
搭配bear out a claim, bear out a theory, bear out the findings
近义confirm, corroborate, substantiate
反义refute, contradict
The latest statistics bear out the claim that remote work boosts productivity.
最新统计数据证实了远程办公能提高生产率这一说法。
18fertilized egg
受精卵
讲解生物学用语，指精子与卵子结合后形成的细胞，常与 embryo（胚胎）区分使用。
搭配fertilized egg cell, a fertilized egg, implant a fertilized egg
近义zygote, fertilised ovum
派生fertilize（使受精）, fertilization（受精）
Scientists inserted a gene into the fertilized egg before it began dividing.
科学家在受精卵开始分裂之前向其中植入了一个基因。
19tourist attraction
旅游胜地
讲解可数名词短语，常与 become/popular/main 连用，雅思旅游类话题高频。
搭配popular tourist attraction, major tourist attraction, a tourist attraction for visitors
近义tourist site, place of interest, sightseeing spot
派生attract, attractive, attraction
The ancient temple has become the most popular tourist attraction in the region.
这座古庙已成为该地区最受欢迎的旅游胜地。
20tour brochure
旅行手册
讲解可数名词，指介绍线路景点的宣传册；brochure 比 booklet 更强调宣传性。
搭配pick up a tour brochure, glossy tour brochure, travel brochure
近义travel brochure, travel leaflet, guide booklet
派生brochure
She picked up a tour brochure at the hotel to plan her weekend trip.
她在酒店拿了一本旅行手册来规划周末之旅。
21boreal forests
北方森林
讲解生态类术语，指寒温带针叶林，雅思阅读自然环境话题常见。
搭配boreal forest ecosystem, protect boreal forests, the boreal zone
近义taiga, northern coniferous forest
派生boreal
Boreal forests cover vast areas of northern Canada and Siberia.
北方森林覆盖了加拿大北部和西伯利亚的广大地区。
22blow up
给…充气
讲解动副短语，宾语为代词时须放中间：blow it up；另有“爆炸、发怒”义。
搭配blow up a balloon, blow up the tyres, blow up at sb
近义inflate, pump up, fill with air
反义deflate, let down
派生blow-up
We had to blow up the air mattresses before the guests arrived.
客人到来之前，我们得把气垫床充好气。
23original subspecies
原始亚种
讲解生物学术语，subspecies 单复数同形，original 强调最初的、原生的。
搭配a distinct subspecies, endangered subspecies, the original subspecies
近义ancestral variety, primitive race
派生species, subspecific
Scientists believe the original subspecies migrated south during the ice age.
科学家认为原始亚种在冰河时期向南迁徙。
24technological innovation
技术革新
讲解不可数名词短语，雅思写作科技类高频，常作主语搭配 drive/promote。
搭配drive technological innovation, rapid technological innovation, a wave of innovation
近义technical advance, technological breakthrough
反义technological stagnation
派生innovate, innovative, innovator
Technological innovation has transformed the way people communicate worldwide.
技术革新改变了全世界人们的交流方式。
25physical injury
身体上的损伤
讲解指身体上的实际损伤，与心理伤害 mental injury 相对，常见于医疗、运动、法律语境
搭配sustain a physical injury, serious physical injury, cause physical injury
近义bodily harm, physical damage
反义psychological harm
Wearing protective gear can significantly reduce the risk of physical injury during extreme sports.
佩戴防护装备能大大降低极限运动中身体受伤的风险。
26ice patch
冰块
讲解指路面或地面上小面积结冰处，常与 slip on, step on 搭配，冬季出行话题常用
搭配slip on an ice patch, a patch of ice, hidden ice patch
近义patch of ice, icy spot
派生icy (adj.)
The hikers moved slowly to avoid slipping on the hidden ice patch along the trail.
徒步者缓慢前行，以免在沿途隐蔽的冰块上滑倒。
27native mythology
本土神话
讲解指某地区原住民世代相传的神话体系，学术写作中常与 cultural identity, oral tradition 连用
搭配study native mythology, ancient mythology, oral mythology
近义indigenous folklore, traditional legends
派生mythological (adj.), myth (n.)
Scholars have long studied how native mythology shapes the cultural identity of indigenous communities.
学者们长期研究本土神话如何塑造原住民社区的文化认同。
28insatiable appetite
无法满足的胃口
讲解形容欲望或需求永无止境，既可指食欲，也常喻求知欲、消费欲等抽象欲望
搭配insatiable appetite for, insatiable curiosity, insatiable demand
近义unquenchable desire, boundless craving
反义moderate appetite
His insatiable appetite for knowledge drove him to read widely across many disciplines.
他对知识无法满足的渴求促使他广泛阅读多个学科。
29auditory cue
听觉信号
讲解指通过声音传递的提示信息，常用于心理学、人机交互及驾驶行为研究语境
搭配respond to auditory cues, visual and auditory cues, provide auditory cues
近义sound signal, acoustic hint
反义visual cue
Drivers rely on auditory cues, such as engine sounds, to judge the speed of their vehicles.
司机依靠引擎声等听觉信号来判断车速。
30be on a roll
连连获胜；连续交好运
讲解口语表达，形容接连取得成功或好运不断，多用于体育、事业等积极语境
搭配be on a roll, keep on a roll, really on a roll
近义on a winning streak, in the groove
反义off one's game
After winning three matches in a row, the young player was clearly on a roll.
连赢三场比赛后，这位年轻选手显然势头正盛。
31anecdotal evidence
轶事证据
讲解学术写作中常含贬义，暗示证据零散、不具代表性，与 empirical data 形成对比
记忆anecdote（轶事）+ al（形容词后缀）→ 来自个人见闻的证据
搭配anecdotal evidence, anecdotal account, rely on anecdotal evidence
近义personal accounts, informal evidence
反义empirical evidence, statistical data
派生anecdote, anecdotally
The report relies on anecdotal evidence rather than large-scale statistical data.
该报告依赖的是轶事证据，而非大规模统计数据。
32take responsibility
承担责任
讲解常用于议论文，后接 for doing sth 或 for sth，强调主体应负的义务
搭配take full responsibility, take responsibility for, share responsibility
近义assume responsibility, be accountable for
反义shirk responsibility, evade responsibility
派生responsible, responsibility
Governments must take responsibility for reducing carbon emissions instead of blaming individuals.
政府必须承担减少碳排放的责任，而不是指责个人。
33security equipment
安全设备
讲解不可数名词 equipment 无复数形式，说 a piece of equipment 而非 equipments
搭配install security equipment, security equipment costs
近义safety devices, protective gear
派生equip, equipped, equipment
Airports have invested heavily in security equipment such as full-body scanners and cameras.
机场在全身扫描仪和摄像头等安全设备上投入了大量资金。
34constructive relations
建设性关系
讲解多用于描述人际、国际或劳资关系，含积极、有助发展的意味
搭配build constructive relations, maintain constructive relations with
近义positive relations, cooperative ties
反义hostile relations, adversarial relations
派生construct, constructive, constructively
Constructive relations between employers and staff tend to raise overall productivity.
雇主与员工之间的建设性关系往往能提高整体生产率。
35ocean biodiversity
海洋生物多样性
讲解环保类话题高频，常与 threaten, protect, preserve 等动词连用
搭配protect ocean biodiversity, loss of ocean biodiversity
近义marine biodiversity, marine life diversity
派生biodiversity, biological, diverse
Overfishing poses a serious threat to ocean biodiversity in many coastal regions.
过度捕捞对许多沿海地区的海洋生物多样性构成严重威胁。
36lecture theatre
阶梯教室
讲解英式英语常用 lecture theatre，美式英语多说 lecture hall
搭配a packed lecture theatre, lecture theatre seating
近义lecture hall, auditorium
派生lecture, lecturer, theatrical
The professor walked into the lecture theatre and switched on the projector.
教授走进阶梯教室，打开了投影仪。
37creative impulse
创作冲动
讲解可数名词短语，指内心突然涌现的创作欲望；常与 feel/follow/have 连用。
记忆联想：impulse（冲动）如脉搏 pulse 一样突突跳动，催人创作。
搭配feel a creative impulse, follow a creative impulse, a sudden creative impulse
近义creative urge, artistic inspiration
派生impulse n. 冲动；impulsive adj. 冲动的
Many artists say a sudden creative impulse can strike at the most unexpected moment.
许多艺术家说，创作冲动会在最意想不到的时刻突然袭来。
38break records
打破纪录
讲解动宾短语，record 常用复数；也可说 break a record。多用于体育、商业等语境。
记忆联想：把 record（纪录）打破 break，就是超越前人的成绩。
搭配break a world record, break records, set a new record
近义set a record, smash a record
反义equal a record
The young swimmer managed to break records in three separate events at the games.
这位年轻游泳选手在运动会上成功打破了三个不同项目的纪录。
39public perception
公众认知
讲解不可数名词短语，指大众对某人或某事的整体看法；常与 shape/influence/damage 连用。
记忆由 public（公众的）+ perception（感知）构成，即公众的感知。
搭配shape public perception, damage public perception, public perception of
近义public image, public opinion
派生perceive v. 感知；perception n. 认知
The scandal seriously damaged the company's public perception among younger consumers.
这起丑闻严重损害了该公司在年轻消费者中的公众认知。
40couple with
结合；与…连接在一起
讲解常用被动式 coupled with，意为“加上、连同”，连接并列的不利因素，多见于写作。
记忆联想：couple 本义“一对”，把两件事配成一对即“结合”。
搭配coupled with, be coupled with, couple A with B
近义combined with, together with
派生couple n. 一对；coupling n. 联结
Rising fuel costs, coupled with falling demand, forced many airlines to cut routes.
燃油成本上涨，加上需求下降，迫使许多航空公司削减航线。
41half board
半膳宿(旅馆等包括早、晚餐的住宿)
讲解不可数名词短语，指旅馆含早餐和晚餐的住宿方式；与之相对为 full board（全食宿）。
记忆联想：half（一半）+ board（膳食），即只包一半的餐。
搭配book half board, half board included, on half board
反义full board
We booked half board, so breakfast and dinner were included in the price.
我们订了半膳宿，所以早餐和晚餐都包含在价格里。
42in earnest
认真地
讲解副词短语，表示“认真地、真正地开始”，常与 begin/start/work 连用，强调态度转变。
记忆联想：earnest 含 earnest（诚恳），认真做事必先诚恳。
搭配begin in earnest, work in earnest, start in earnest
近义seriously, earnestly
反义half-heartedly
After the initial excitement faded, she began to work on her thesis in earnest.
最初的兴奋消退后，她开始认真地写起论文来。
43speckled cat
斑点猫
讲解speckled 意为“有斑点的”，多形容动物皮毛、鸟蛋或石头表面
搭配speckled cat / speckled bird's egg / speckled stone
近义spotted / dotted / mottled
派生speckle（n. 斑点）
A speckled cat sat quietly on the garden wall, watching the birds.
一只斑点猫静静地坐在花园墙上，看着鸟儿。
44private lesson
私教课
讲解private lesson 指一对一或小规模付费课程，与 group class 相对
搭配take private lessons / give private lessons / a private lesson in
近义one-on-one class / tutoring session
反义group class / public class
She took private lessons to improve her English before studying abroad.
她在出国留学前上了私教课来提高英语。
45live up to
达到，符合
讲解live up to 后接 expectations、standards、promise 等，表示达到某标准
搭配live up to expectations / live up to one's promise / live up to standards
近义meet / match / fulfill
反义fall short of
The new employee struggled to live up to the expectations of his manager.
这位新员工努力想要达到经理的期望。
46sophisticated tool
先进的工具
讲解sophisticated 强调“精密、先进、复杂”，常修饰设备、技术、方法
搭配sophisticated tool / sophisticated technology / highly sophisticated
近义advanced / complex / refined
反义simple / basic / crude
Scientists rely on sophisticated tools to analyse tiny particles in the air.
科学家依靠先进的工具来分析空气中的微小颗粒。
47stack up
把…堆起
讲解stack up 可指“把…堆起”，也可引申为“累积、堆积”
搭配stack up boxes / stack up against / stack up over time
近义pile up / heap up / accumulate
The workers stacked up the boxes neatly before loading them onto the truck.
工人们把箱子整齐地堆起来，然后再装上卡车。
48natural eradication
自然根除
讲解eradication 指彻底消灭、根除，多用于疾病、害虫等语境
搭配natural eradication / the eradication of disease / complete eradication
近义elimination / extinction / removal
反义spread / proliferation
Vaccination programmes have contributed to the natural eradication of several diseases.
疫苗接种计划促成了多种疾病的自然根除。
49naked eye
肉眼
用法 固定搭配 with the naked eye，指不借助仪器用肉眼观察，常用于科普、雅思阅读天文生物类文章。
搭配with the naked eye, visible to the naked eye, see with the naked eye
近义unaided eye, bare eye
反义with a microscope, through a telescope
Bacteria are far too small to be seen with the naked eye.
细菌太小了，肉眼根本看不见。
50chase up
追查清楚；敦促
用法 英式短语，chase sb up about/for sth 表示催促、追查某事进展，口语与商务场景常见。
搭配chase up a payment, chase up an order, chase sb up about sth
近义follow up, press for, pursue
派生chase-up (名词，催办)
I will chase up the supplier about the delayed shipment tomorrow morning.
我明天上午会去催促供应商处理延误的货物。
51management practices
管理实践
用法 指组织运营中行之有效的管理方式与惯例，常用于商务、雅思写作企业管理类话题。
搭配adopt management practices, best management practices, sound management practices
近义managerial methods, administrative practices
反义mismanagement
Good management practices can greatly improve a company's long-term productivity.
良好的管理实践能极大提升公司的长期生产力。
52current account
活期存款账户
用法 指可随时存取款的活期账户，与 deposit account 相对；注意 current account 另有「经常账户」的国际收支含义。
搭配open a current account, a current account balance, current account deficit
近义checking account (美式)
反义savings account, deposit account
She opened a current account at the bank to pay her monthly bills.
她在银行开了一个活期账户来支付每月账单。
53urban geography
城市地理学
用法 地理学分支，研究城市空间结构、人口分布与城市化，雅思阅读与学术写作常出现。
搭配study urban geography, urban geography research, a degree in urban geography
近义city studies, urban studies
派生urban geographer (城市地理学家)
Urban geography examines how cities grow and how space is used within them.
城市地理学研究城市如何发展以及城市内部空间如何被利用。
54specific purpose
特殊的目的
用法 指明确的、特定的目的，常与 for 连用；写作中可用于对比 specific 与 general。
搭配for a specific purpose, serve a specific purpose, a specific purpose fund
近义a particular aim, a definite goal
反义a general purpose, a broad aim
The funding was provided for a specific purpose rather than general research.
这笔资金是为特定目的而非一般研究提供的。
55in evolutionary terms
从进化论角度看
讲解用于从进化角度讨论某现象的成因或意义，学术写作常见，常置于句首作状语。
搭配in evolutionary terms, in biological terms, from an evolutionary perspective
近义from an evolutionary standpoint, from the perspective of evolution
派生evolution, evolutionary, evolve
In evolutionary terms, the ability to cooperate gave early humans a clear survival advantage.
从进化论角度看，合作能力赋予早期人类明显的生存优势。
56graphic expression
图示
讲解指用图形、图表等方式呈现信息，多用于学术写作中描述数据可视化手段。
搭配graphic expression, visual expression, graphic design
近义visual representation, graphical presentation
派生graphic, graphically, graphics
Charts and graphic expression make complex statistical data far easier for readers to grasp.
图表和图示表达使复杂的统计数据对读者来说容易理解得多。
57on command
按指令
讲解表示接到指令即执行，常与 can, able to 连用，科技与军事语境中高频。
搭配operate on command, respond on command, fire on command
近义on instruction, at the touch of a button
反义spontaneously, of one's own accord
The robotic arm can lift heavy objects on command, responding instantly to voice signals.
这个机械臂能按指令举起重物，对语音信号即时作出反应。
58repel attackers
反击外敌
讲解指驱退或抵御攻击者，可用于生物、军事语境，注意 repel 后直接接宾语。
搭配repel attackers, repel invaders, repel an attack
近义drive off attackers, fend off predators
反义attract allies, invite attack
派生repellent, repulsion, repulsive
Many plants produce bitter chemicals to repel attackers such as insects and grazing animals.
许多植物产生苦味化学物质，以击退昆虫和食草动物等侵袭者。
59volcanic archipelago
火山群岛
讲解指由火山活动形成的群岛，地理类阅读与写作中常用来描述岛屿地形。
搭配volcanic archipelago, remote archipelago, island chain
近义island chain, group of volcanic islands
派生volcano, volcanic, volcanically
Japan is a volcanic archipelago where hot springs and earthquakes are part of daily life.
日本是一个火山群岛，温泉和地震是日常生活的一部分。
60resolve conflicts
化解矛盾
讲解指解决争端或矛盾，正式语境常用，宾语多为 conflict, dispute, difference 等。
搭配resolve conflicts, resolve a dispute, resolve differences
近义settle conflicts, reconcile differences
反义aggravate conflicts, escalate a dispute
派生resolution, resolvable, unresolved
Mediation is often a cheaper and faster way to resolve conflicts between employers and staff.
调解往往是化解雇主与员工之间矛盾更便宜、更快捷的方式。