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1educational institution
教育机构
讲解可数名词短语，泛指时用 an educational institution，特指某校用 the institution
搭配educational institution, higher education institution, private institution
近义academic institution, school, college
派生institution n. 机构；institute n. 学会，研究所
Many students choose to study abroad because they want to attend a world-class educational institution.
许多学生选择出国留学，因为他们想进入一所世界一流的教育机构。
2wear and tear
磨损
讲解不可数，常与 the 连用，指长期使用造成的损耗，也可引申为身心疲惫
搭配wear and tear on, reduce wear and tear, normal wear and tear
近义damage, deterioration, erosion
反义repair, restoration
Regular maintenance can reduce the wear and tear on your car and save you money in the long run.
定期保养可以减少汽车的磨损，从长远来看还能省钱。
3superb facilities
一流的设施
讲解facilities 常用复数，指设备、设施；superb 比 good 语气更强，适合雅思口语高分表达
搭配superb facilities, modern facilities, sports facilities
近义excellent amenities, first-rate equipment
反义poor facilities, inadequate amenities
The hotel offers superb facilities, including a gym, a spa and two swimming pools.
这家酒店提供一流的设施，包括健身房、水疗中心和两个游泳池。
4extra charge
额外费用
讲解extra charge 可数，常与 for 连用说明收费项目；动词搭配为 make/impose an extra charge
搭配extra charge for, impose an extra charge, at no extra charge
近义additional fee, surcharge, extra cost
反义free of charge, no extra cost
Airlines often charge an extra fee for passengers who want to check in more than one suitcase.
航空公司通常会对想要托运一件以上行李的乘客收取额外费用。
5arousal level
唤醒水平
讲解心理学专业术语，指个体被激活或兴奋的程度，常与 optimal, high, low 搭配
搭配optimal arousal level, high arousal level, increase arousal
近义activation level, alertness level
派生arousal n. 唤醒，激发；arouse v. 唤起
Psychologists believe that an optimal arousal level helps people perform better on challenging tasks.
心理学家认为，最佳的唤醒水平有助于人们在有挑战性的任务中表现更好。
6devoid of
缺乏
讲解形容词短语，后接名词，多用于正式书面语；be devoid of 相当于 be lacking in
搭配be devoid of, completely devoid of, devoid of meaning
近义lacking in, deficient in, short of
反义full of, rich in
The remote village is almost completely devoid of modern amenities such as internet access.
这个偏远的村庄几乎完全没有互联网接入等现代便利设施。
7interpret geographical information
诠释地理信息
讲解interpret 在此意为“解读、诠释”，宾语常为 data/map/result 等抽象信息
搭配interpret data, interpret a map, interpret results
近义analyse, make sense of, decipher
派生interpretation, interpretive
Students must learn to interpret geographical information from maps, satellite images and climate data.
学生必须学会从地图、卫星图像和气候数据中诠释地理信息。
8food security
食品安全
讲解food security 指“粮食安全（人人有充足食物）”，非“food safety 食品卫生”，勿混用
搭配ensure food security, threaten food security, food security policy
近义food supply, food availability
反义food insecurity
Climate change poses a serious threat to global food security in developing countries.
气候变化对发展中国家的全球食品安全构成严重威胁。
9to speak frankly
坦白地说
讲解作插入语放句首，后接逗号，用于口语和议论文中表明坦率态度
搭配frankly speaking, to be frank, quite frankly
近义honestly speaking, to be honest
派生frankness, frank
To speak frankly, the government has done far too little to tackle air pollution.
坦白地说，政府在治理空气污染方面做得远远不够。
10museum internship program
博物馆实习项目
讲解internship 指“实习（期）”，program 指有组织的项目，二者常搭配表示实习计划
搭配apply for an internship, internship program, hands-on experience
近义traineeship, work placement
派生intern, interned
She joined a museum internship program to gain hands-on experience in curation.
她参加了博物馆实习项目，以获得策展方面的实践经验。
11foul odour
污浊的气味
讲解foul 意为“难闻的、污浊的”，odour 为英式拼写，美式为 odor，属正式书面用词
搭配foul odour, foul smell, emit a foul odour
近义stench, stink, bad smell
反义fragrance, pleasant smell
Residents complained about the foul odour coming from the rubbish dump nearby.
居民们抱怨附近垃圾场传来的污浊气味。
12taro seedlings
芋头苗
讲解taro 为“芋头”，seedling 指“幼苗、秧苗”，二者组合指待移栽的芋头苗
搭配plant seedlings, taro seedlings, raise seedlings
近义young plant, sprout
派生seed, seedling
Farmers planted taro seedlings in the flooded fields before the rainy season began.
农民们在雨季开始前把芋头苗种进了被水淹的田里。
13tedious task
冗长乏味的任务
讲解tedious 强调因冗长、重复而令人厌烦，常修饰 task、job、process 等名词，语气比 boring 更正式。
记忆可与 tired 联想：做久了让人 tired 的 task 就是 tedious。
搭配a tedious task, tedious work, a tedious process
近义boring task, dull task, tiresome job
反义exciting task, enjoyable task
派生tediously, tediousness
Entering endless data into spreadsheets is a tedious task that many office workers dread.
把无穷无尽的数据录入电子表格是许多上班族害怕的冗长乏味的任务。
14dramatic problem
戏剧性的问题
讲解dramatic 在此指变化或影响巨大、引人注目，多带突然性，常与 change、increase、drop、problem 搭配。
记忆drama 是戏剧，dramatic 即像戏剧般夸张、引人注目。
搭配a dramatic problem, a dramatic change, a dramatic increase
近义striking problem, startling problem
反义minor problem, trivial problem
派生dramatically, dramatize
The sudden drop in sales created a dramatic problem for the company's managers.
销售额的骤降给公司管理层带来了一个戏剧性的问题。
15take notes
记笔记
讲解take notes 指听讲或阅读时记录要点，note 常用复数；take note of 则意为注意到，二者含义不同。
记忆take 有拿取之意，把要点拿下来记在本子上即 take notes。
搭配take notes in class, take detailed notes, take notes on a lecture
近义make notes, jot down notes
反义ignore, forget
派生note-taking, note-taker
Students who take notes during lectures usually remember the key points better.
上课记笔记的学生通常能更好地记住要点。
16deceptive ease
故作轻松
讲解deceptive 意为有欺骗性的、靠不住的，deceptive ease 指表面看似轻松实则不然，多用于写作描述假象。
记忆deceive 是欺骗，deceptive 即带有欺骗性质的。
搭配deceptive ease, deceptive appearance, deceptive simplicity
近义misleading ease, illusory ease
反义genuine ease, real simplicity
派生deceptively, deception, deceive
The deceptive ease of the first few questions fooled many candidates in the exam.
最初几道题故作轻松的样子迷惑了许多考生。
17genetic need
基因的需要
讲解genetic 意为基因的、遗传的，常与 need、factor、disease、engineering 等搭配，学术写作中很常见。
记忆gene 是基因，加 -tic 构成形容词 genetic。
搭配a genetic need, genetic factors, genetic engineering
近义inherited need, innate need
反义environmental need, acquired need
派生gene, genetics, genetically
Some scientists argue that language ability reflects a genetic need to communicate.
一些科学家认为语言能力反映了交流的基因需要。
18take no notice of
没有注意到
讲解take no notice of 意为对……不予理会、没留意，比 ignore 更口语；notice 前常加 no、little 等词。
记忆notice 是注意，take no notice 即没有把注意力拿过去。
搭配take no notice of sth, take little notice of, take no notice at all
近义pay no attention to, disregard, ignore
反义take notice of, pay attention to
派生noticeable, unnoticed
He took no notice of the warning signs and continued driving in the storm.
他没有注意到那些警示标志，继续在暴风雨中开车。
19mass media
大众传媒
讲解集合名词，作主语时谓语可用复数；常与influence/shape/coverage等动词搭配。
搭配mass media coverage, mass media influence, through the mass media
近义mainstream media, public media
派生mass-media (adj.) 大众传媒的
The mass media play a crucial role in shaping public opinion in modern society.
大众传媒在现代社会中扮演着塑造公众舆论的关键角色。
20spiny cacti
多刺的仙人掌
讲解spiny意为“多刺的”，cacti是cactus的复数；多用于描述干旱地区的植物。
搭配spiny cacti species, desert spiny cacti
近义thorny cacti, prickly cacti
派生cactus (n.) 仙人掌
Spiny cacti survive in deserts by storing water in their thick stems.
多刺的仙人掌通过将水分储存在粗壮的茎中而在沙漠中生存。
21musical composition
音乐作品
讲解composition指“作品”时多用于音乐、文学等艺术领域；musical composition可指作曲行为或具体作品。
搭配write a musical composition, perform a musical composition
近义musical piece, musical work
派生compose (v.) 作曲, composer (n.) 作曲家
Beethoven's musical compositions continue to inspire audiences around the world.
贝多芬的音乐作品继续激励着世界各地的观众。
22outer space
外太空
讲解不可数名词短语，前面一般加the；常用于科技、航天类话题。
搭配explore outer space, travel into outer space, outer space exploration
近义deep space, the cosmos
Scientists are exploring outer space in search of signs of extraterrestrial life.
科学家们正在探索外太空，以寻找外星生命的迹象。
23market economy
市场经济
讲解经济类高频短语，常与rely on/operate in等搭配；与planned economy形成对比。
搭配a free market economy, transition to a market economy
近义free-market system, capitalist economy
反义planned economy, command economy
A market economy relies on supply and demand rather than government planning.
市场经济依靠供求关系而非政府计划来运作。
24Gross National Product (GNP)
国民生产总值
讲解GNP指本国国民（含海外）创造的总产值，区别于GDP（境内生产总值）；缩写首次出现需给全称。
搭配calculate GNP, GNP growth, per capita GNP
近义gross national income (GNI)
反义GDP (国内生产总值)
Gross National Product measures the total value of goods and services produced by a country's citizens.
国民生产总值衡量一国公民所生产的商品和服务的总价值。
25make a fuss
大惊小怪；小题大做
讲解多指对小事过度反应，含贬义；口语常用 make a fuss about/over sth。
搭配make a fuss about, make a fuss over, without a fuss
近义kick up a fuss, make a big deal of
反义stay calm, play it down
There is no need to make a fuss about such a minor delay in the schedule.
没必要对日程上这么小的延误大惊小怪。
26a sweeping reinvention
一场彻底的重塑
讲解sweeping 指范围广、影响大；reinvention 指彻底改造，多用于品牌、形象、自我。
搭配a sweeping reinvention of, undergo a reinvention, a complete reinvention
近义a total overhaul, a radical transformation
派生reinvent, reinvent oneself
The brand underwent a sweeping reinvention that won over a far younger audience.
该品牌经历了一场彻底的重塑，赢得了年轻得多的受众。
27emotional arousal
情绪激发
讲解心理学术语，指情绪被唤起的生理与心理状态；常与 memory、attention 搭配。
搭配emotional arousal, high arousal, trigger arousal
近义emotional activation, affective arousal
反义emotional calm, emotional numbness
Strong emotional arousal can make people remember an event far more vividly.
强烈的情绪激发会让人对某件事记得清晰得多。
28volcanic ash
火山灰
讲解地质与灾害类话题词，常见于阅读；ash 不可数，用 a layer of 计量。
搭配a layer of volcanic ash, volcanic ash cloud, ash fall
近义ash deposit, tephra
A thick layer of volcanic ash covered the town after the eruption.
火山喷发后，厚厚一层火山灰覆盖了小镇。
29definite objective
明确的目标
讲解definite 强调清楚确定；objective 比 goal 更正式，多用于学术与商务写作。
搭配set a definite objective, achieve an objective, a clear objective
近义a clear goal, a specific aim
反义a vague aim, an unclear goal
Setting a definite objective at the start makes the whole project easier to manage.
一开始就设定明确的目标会让整个项目更易管理。
30social background
社会背景
讲解教育与社会类高频搭配，常与 disadvantaged、privileged 连用讨论公平问题。
搭配social background, a disadvantaged background, family background
近义social origin, socioeconomic background
Students from a disadvantaged social background may need extra support at university.
社会背景不利的学生在大学里可能需要额外支持。
31central pillar
中立柱
讲解用于比喻抽象事物的核心支撑，常与 of 连用，写作中可替换 basis/foundation
搭配the central pillar of the economy; a central pillar of society; rest on a central pillar
近义cornerstone; mainstay; backbone
派生pillar（n. 柱子；支柱）
Trust has long been the central pillar of any successful long-term business partnership.
信任一直是任何成功的长期商业合作关系的核心支柱。
32be pivotal to …
的核心
讲解形容词短语，to 为介词，后接名词或动名词，语气比 important 更强
搭配be pivotal to success; play a pivotal role in; prove pivotal to
近义be crucial to; be vital to; be key to
反义be irrelevant to; be marginal to
Early childhood education is pivotal to reducing social inequality in the long run.
从长远来看，幼儿教育对减少社会不平等至关重要。
33corporate ethics
企业道德
讲解指企业在经营中遵循的道德准则，常与 uphold/promote 搭配，多用于商业类写作
搭配uphold corporate ethics; a code of corporate ethics; violate corporate ethics
近义business ethics; corporate integrity; ethical conduct
派生ethical（adj. 道德的）；unethical（adj. 不道德的）
Consumers increasingly expect companies to uphold high standards of corporate ethics.
消费者越来越期望企业遵守高标准的商业道德。
34fishing quota
捕捞限额
讲解指对某海域或某鱼种允许捕捞量的官方限定，环保与资源类话题高频
搭配set a fishing quota; exceed the fishing quota; raise the fishing quota
近义catch limit; fishing allowance
派生quota（n. 配额；限额）
Scientists warn that the current fishing quota may not be enough to protect cod stocks.
科学家警告说，目前的捕捞限额可能不足以保护鳕鱼种群。
35initial impression
最初印象
讲解指初次接触时形成的印象，常与 make/create/leave 搭配，口语与写作皆适用
搭配make a good initial impression; leave a positive initial impression; on first impression
近义first impression; immediate impression
反义lasting impression（长期印象）
Making eye contact during an interview helps create a favourable initial impression.
面试时保持眼神交流有助于留下良好的最初印象。
36synchronous sound effect
同步音效
讲解指与画面同时录制、同步播放的音效，影视与技术类话题用词
搭配record synchronous sound effects; add synchronous sound effects; use synchronous sound effects
近义synchronized sound; live sound
派生synchronous（adj. 同步的）；synchronize（v. 使同步）
The documentary uses synchronous sound effects to make every scene feel vividly real.
这部纪录片使用同步音效，让每个场景都显得栩栩如生。
37be subjected to
受到，遭受
讲解常用于被动语态，后接名词，表示被迫经历不愉快的事
搭配be subjected to criticism / be subjected to tests / be subjected to pressure
近义be exposed to, undergo, endure
派生subject (v.) 使遭受；subject (n.) 主题
Students who break the university rules may be subjected to severe disciplinary action.
违反校规的学生可能会受到严厉的纪律处分。
38initial calculation
初始计算
讲解常用于学术写作，指正式运算前的初步估算
搭配initial estimate / initial calculation stage / make an initial calculation
近义preliminary computation, rough estimate
The initial calculation suggests the project will cost far more than expected.
初步计算表明该项目的成本将远超预期。
39round off
圆满结束；圆满完成
讲解多用于活动、旅程等以精彩方式收尾，常与 with 连用
搭配round off the evening / round off a meal / round off the day
近义conclude, finish off, wrap up
反义begin, commence
The festival will round off with a spectacular fireworks display over the river.
音乐节将以河上壮观的烟火表演圆满结束。
40owned accommodation
自有住房
讲解雅思写作住房类话题高频表达，与 rented accommodation 相对
搭配owned accommodation rate / a rise in owned accommodation
近义home ownership, private housing
反义rented accommodation
The proportion of owned accommodation has risen steadily over the past decade.
过去十年自有住房的比例稳步上升。
41evacuation procedures
疏散程序
讲解常见于安全、建筑类阅读与听力材料，多用复数形式
搭配follow evacuation procedures / emergency evacuation procedures
近义emergency protocol, safety measures
All staff must familiarise themselves with the evacuation procedures before the drill.
所有员工必须在演习前熟悉疏散程序。
42derive from
源自
讲解常与 from 连用，强调来源；也可用 be derived from
搭配derive from Latin / derive pleasure from / be derived from
近义originate from, stem from, come from
派生derivation (n.) 起源；derivative (n.) 派生词
Many English words derive from Latin and Greek roots.
许多英语单词源自拉丁语和希腊语词根。
43high plateau
高原
讲解指海拔较高、地势平坦的高原，地理类阅读和写作中常用
搭配high plateau region, on the high plateau, vast high plateau
近义tableland, upland
反义lowland, basin
派生plateau (n.) 高原；平稳期
The Tibetan high plateau is famous for its unique wildlife and breathtaking landscapes.
青藏高原以其独特的野生动物和令人惊叹的景观而闻名。
44be embedded in
把…插入
讲解常用于被动语态，be embedded in 表示深深植入、根植于某事物中
搭配deeply embedded in, embedded in tradition, become embedded in
近义rooted in, ingrained in
派生embed (v.) 嵌入；embedment (n.) 嵌入
Cultural values are deeply embedded in the language we use every day.
文化价值观深深植根于我们每天使用的语言中。
45intimate knowledge of sth. (
因细心研究或经验丰富而)精通某事
讲解强调因长期研究或亲身经历而获得的深入、透彻的了解
搭配have an intimate knowledge of, gain an intimate knowledge of
近义thorough understanding of, deep familiarity with
反义superficial knowledge of
派生intimately (adv.) 深入地；亲密地
The professor has an intimate knowledge of ancient Chinese philosophy.
这位教授对中国古代哲学有深入的了解。
46celestial phenomena
天象
讲解指日食、月食、流星等天文现象，天文类阅读高频短语
搭配observe celestial phenomena, record celestial phenomena
近义astronomical events, heavenly phenomena
派生celestial (adj.) 天空的；天体的
Ancient civilizations often recorded celestial phenomena to guide their farming and navigation.
古代文明常常记录天象来指导农耕和航海。
47scientific community
科学界
讲解指全球从事科学研究的群体，写作中常作主语引出权威观点
搭配the international scientific community, within the scientific community
近义academia, the research community
派生scientific (adj.) 科学的；scientist (n.) 科学家
The scientific community has reached a broad consensus on the causes of climate change.
科学界已就气候变化的原因达成广泛共识。
48take into consideration
考虑到
讲解比 consider 更正式，雅思写作中常用于提出建议或论证
搭配take sth. into consideration, take into account
近义take account of, bear in mind
反义disregard, ignore
派生consideration (n.) 考虑；体贴
Governments should take into consideration the long-term effects of their environmental policies.
政府应考虑到其环境政策的长期影响。
49be renowned for
以…闻名
讲解be renowned for 后接名词或动名词，多用于正式或书面语境，雅思写作描述地点特征时常用。
搭配be renowned for its beauty / be renowned as a scientist / internationally renowned
近义be famous for / be celebrated for / be well-known for
派生renowned (adj.) 著名的
This coastal town is renowned for its fresh seafood and stunning sunsets.
这座海滨小镇以新鲜的海鲜和迷人的日落而闻名。
50throw into
扔进；使…(突然)陷入某状态
讲解throw sb into sth 表示使某人突然陷入某种状态，宾语常为 panic/crisis/confusion 等抽象名词。
搭配throw into chaos / throw into doubt / throw oneself into work
近义plunge into / cast into
派生throwaway (adj.) 一次性的
The sudden layoff threw him into a state of panic and confusion.
突然的裁员使他陷入了恐慌和困惑之中。
51be noted for
以…而闻名
讲解be noted for 与 be renowned for 意思接近，但语气稍弱，多指因某特点而受到注意。
搭配be noted for its quality / be noted as a writer
近义be known for / be recognized for
反义be unknown for
The region is noted for its rich cultural heritage and ancient architecture.
该地区以其丰富的文化遗产和古老建筑而闻名。
52put an end to
结束
讲解put an end to 后接名词，表示彻底终止某事，语气较强，适合雅思写作讨论解决措施。
搭配put an end to poverty / put an end to the practice
近义bring to an end / terminate / stop
反义start / initiate
The new policy aims to put an end to illegal logging in the rainforest.
新政策旨在终结雨林中的非法伐木行为。
53neurodevelopmental disorder
神经发育失调
讲解neurodevelopmental disorder 为医学专业术语，雅思阅读和写作涉及健康话题时可能出现。
搭配a common neurodevelopmental disorder / diagnose a neurodevelopmental disorder
近义neurological condition / developmental disability
派生neurodevelopmental (adj.) 神经发育的
Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder that affects social interaction and communication.
自闭症是一种影响社交互动和沟通的神经发育失调。
54motivator factor
驱动力因素
讲解motivator factor 指激发行为的内在或外在因素，多用于心理学或管理类话题写作。
搭配a key motivator factor / intrinsic motivator factor
近义driving factor / motivating factor
派生motivate (v.) 激励；motivation (n.) 动机
Salary alone is not the only motivator factor that drives employees to perform better.
薪水并不是驱使员工表现更好的唯一驱动力因素。
55coastal erosion
海岸侵蚀
讲解环境类高频搭配，常与accelerate/combat/cause连用，写作Task 2环境话题可直接套用
搭配coastal erosion rate, combat coastal erosion, severe coastal erosion
近义shoreline retreat, beach loss
反义coastal accretion
派生erode (v.), erosive (adj.)
Rising sea levels have accelerated coastal erosion along many low-lying island nations.
海平面上升加速了许多低洼岛国的海岸侵蚀。
56rate of turnover
周转率
讲解商务与职场话题常用，turnover此处指人员流动，也可指营业额，需依语境判断
搭配high turnover rate, staff turnover, reduce turnover
近义churn rate, employee mobility
反义stability
派生turn over (v.)
A high rate of turnover in staff often undermines the long-term efficiency of a company.
员工的高流动率往往会削弱公司的长期效率。
57transient effect
短暂的影响
讲解常用于经济、医学与数据描述，强调影响短暂、会消失，与lasting/permanent对比
搭配transient effect, transient phase, only transient
近义temporary impact, short-lived effect
反义permanent effect, lasting impact
派生transience (n.), transiently (adv.)
The decline in sales proved to be a transient effect rather than a lasting trend.
销售额的下降被证明是短暂的影响，而非长期趋势。
58population growth
人口增长
讲解社会类写作核心搭配，常与rapid/explosive/steady连用，后接pressures on sth
搭配rapid population growth, curb population growth, population growth rate
近义demographic expansion, population increase
反义population decline
派生growing (adj.), populous (adj.)
Rapid population growth in urban areas has placed enormous pressure on public services.
城市地区人口的快速增长给公共服务带来了巨大压力。
59missing species
缺失的物种
讲解生态类表达，指某地本应存在却消失的物种，常用于保护与灭绝话题
搭配missing species, list of missing species, identify missing species
近义absent species, extinct species
反义present species
派生miss (v.), missing (adj.)
Scientists are puzzled by the missing species that once thrived in this wetland.
科学家对曾在这片湿地繁盛的缺失物种感到困惑。
60carnival procession
狂欢节游行
讲解文化类话题高频搭配，描述节庆活动，可与traditional/vibrant/street连用
搭配carnival procession, join a procession, colourful procession
近义parade, pageant
派生proceed (v.), processional (adj.)
Thousands of tourists gathered to watch the colourful carnival procession through the old town.
数千名游客聚集观看穿过老城区的绚丽狂欢节游行。