1 / 60 句0 词已学
1spontaneous criticism
自发批评
讲解指未经事先准备、当场即兴提出的批评，语气较直接，多用于描述他人反应。
搭配spontaneous criticism of, offer spontaneous criticism, receive spontaneous criticism
近义impromptu criticism, unplanned censure
反义deliberate praise, premeditated compliment
派生spontaneously, spontaneousness
The manager's spontaneous criticism of the proposal surprised everyone at the meeting.
经理对提案的自发批评让会上所有人都感到意外。
2sound track
音轨
讲解指影视作品中的配乐或声音轨道，常与 film/movie 搭配；也可指音乐专辑。
搭配film sound track, original sound track, sound track album
近义soundtrack, audio track
派生soundtrack (n.)
The film's sound track was praised for blending traditional instruments with electronic beats.
这部电影的音轨因融合了传统乐器与电子节拍而受到好评。
3elementary arithmetic
基本的算术
讲解指加减乘除等基础运算，常用于教育语境；elementary 强调基础、入门阶段。
搭配learn elementary arithmetic, teach elementary arithmetic, basic arithmetic skills
近义basic arithmetic, simple calculation
反义advanced mathematics, higher algebra
派生arithmetical, arithmetician
Children begin learning elementary arithmetic before they can solve complex word problems.
孩子们在能解复杂应用题之前就开始学习基本算术。
4be aligned with
与…保持一致
讲解表示与某目标、标准或立场一致，常用于政策、战略等正式语境。
搭配be aligned with sth, align with, closely aligned with
近义be consistent with, be in line with
反义conflict with, deviate from
派生alignment, align
The company's new policy is aligned with international environmental standards.
公司的新政策与国际环境标准保持一致。
5adipose tissue
脂肪组织
讲解医学术语，指由脂肪细胞组成的结缔组织；adipose 意为“脂肪的”。
搭配adipose tissue, adipose cells, accumulate adipose tissue
近义fatty tissue, fat deposit
派生adiposity, adipocyte
Regular exercise can reduce the amount of adipose tissue stored around the waist.
规律运动能减少腰部周围储存的脂肪组织。
6an array of
一批，一列
讲解表示“一系列、大量”，常接可数名词复数，强调种类丰富或数量众多。
搭配an array of options, a wide array of, an impressive array of
近义a range of, a variety of
反义a scarcity of, a lack of
派生array (v.)
The museum displayed an array of ancient artifacts from different dynasties.
博物馆展出了一批来自不同朝代的古代文物。
7reset button
重置键
讲解指设备上用于恢复初始状态的按钮，也常引申为“重新开始”的比喻义
搭配press the reset button, hit the reset button, a reset button on the device
近义restart button, reboot key
派生reset (v./n.) 重置
When the computer froze completely, I had to press the reset button to restart it.
当电脑完全死机时，我不得不按下重置键来重新启动它。
8find out
找出；发现
讲解强调通过调查或努力获得原本未知的信息，后接名词或从句
搭配find out the truth, find out about, find out how/whether
近义discover, figure out, learn
反义overlook, ignore
派生finding (n.) 发现
Researchers carried out a survey to find out how many students read e-books regularly.
研究人员开展了一项调查，以查明有多少学生经常阅读电子书。
9human resources
人力资源
讲解指企业中管理员工招聘、培训与福利的部门，常缩写为 HR
搭配human resources department, human resources manager, work in human resources
近义personnel, staffing
派生HR (abbr.) 人力资源
The human resources department is responsible for recruiting and training new employees.
人力资源部门负责招聘和培训新员工。
10animal-derived pharmaceuticals
动物提取药物
讲解指从动物组织或成分中提取制成的药物，常用于医学与伦理话题讨论
搭配animal-derived pharmaceuticals industry, rely on animal-derived pharmaceuticals
近义animal-based medicines
反义plant-derived pharmaceuticals
派生derive (v.) 提取，derivative (n.) 衍生物
Some patients prefer animal-derived pharmaceuticals, while others worry about safety and ethics.
一些患者偏好动物提取药物，而另一些人则担心其安全性和伦理问题。
11optional extra
额外选择
讲解指基本价格之外可另行选购或付费的项目，常见于旅游与消费场景
搭配available as an optional extra, charge for an optional extra
近义add-on, extra feature
反义standard feature, included item
Air conditioning is an optional extra that costs an additional fifty pounds per night.
空调是一项额外选择，每晚需另付五十英镑。
12airport shuttle
机场巴士
讲解指往返机场与酒店等地点之间的接送巴士，旅游类听力高频词
搭配take the airport shuttle, a free airport shuttle, shuttle bus service
近义shuttle bus, airport transfer
派生shuttle (v.) 往返运送
The hotel provides a free airport shuttle that runs every thirty minutes from early morning.
酒店提供免费的机场巴士，从清晨起每三十分钟一班。
13contaminated sites
污染场地
讲解指受工业废物或有毒物质污染的土地区域，常用于环保、城市规划与雅思阅读环境类话题。
搭配contaminated soil, contaminated water, industrial site
近义polluted sites, toxic sites
反义clean sites, pristine land
派生contaminate v. 污染；contamination n. 污染
The government has pledged to clean up contaminated sites before any new housing is built there.
政府已承诺在新建住房之前清理这些污染场地。
14glorious future
辉煌的未来
讲解褒义表达，形容光明灿烂的前景，多用于演讲、作文结尾或展望性段落。
搭配a glorious future, a bright future, build a glorious future
近义a bright future, a promising future
反义a bleak future, a gloomy future
派生glory n. 荣耀；gloriously adv. 光荣地
Many young people believe that hard work and education will lead them to a glorious future.
许多年轻人相信努力工作和教育会带给他们辉煌的未来。
15measure out
取出(或量出)所需量
讲解表示按所需数量量取某物，后接具体物质或数量，常用于烹饪、实验或工程语境。
搭配measure out the ingredients, measure out a dose, measure out portions
近义portion out, dole out
派生measurement n. 测量；measurable adj. 可测量的
The recipe tells you to measure out two cups of flour before adding the eggs.
食谱要求你在加鸡蛋之前量出两杯面粉。
16hydraulic clamp
液压夹紧装置
讲解专业术语，指利用液体压力驱动的夹持工具，常见于机械、工程类技术文本。
搭配hydraulic system, hydraulic pressure, clamp the workpiece
近义hydraulic gripper, hydraulic fixture
派生hydraulics n. 液压学；clamp v./n. 夹紧
The engineer adjusted the hydraulic clamp to hold the metal pipe securely during assembly.
工程师调整了液压夹紧装置，以便在装配过程中牢固地夹住金属管。
17poor image
负面形象
讲解指公众对某人或某机构形成的负面看法，常用于商业、媒体与雅思写作社会类话题。
搭配a poor public image, damage one's image, improve one's image
近义a negative image, a bad reputation
反义a positive image, a good reputation
派生imagery n. 意象；image-building n. 形象塑造
The scandal gave the company a poor image among environmentally conscious consumers.
这桩丑闻使该公司在具有环保意识的消费者心中形象不佳。
18geographical region
地理区域
讲解指具有相似自然或人文特征的一片地域，常用于地理、经济与雅思阅读描述类文章。
搭配a geographical region, a remote region, a mountainous region
近义an area, a zone, a district
派生geography n. 地理；geographical adj. 地理的；regionally adv. 地区性地
This geographical region is known for its mild climate and rich agricultural land.
这个地理区域以温和的气候和肥沃的农田而闻名。
19multinational company
跨国公司
讲解可数名词短语，泛指跨国公司；特指某家时加 the，也可说 multinational corporation (MNC)
搭配work for a multinational company, a multinational company based in…
近义multinational corporation, global corporation, transnational company
派生multinational (n./adj.) 跨国公司；跨国的
She accepted a well-paid position at a multinational company based in Singapore.
她接受了新加坡一家跨国公司的高薪职位。
20social interaction
社交
讲解不可数名词短语，指人与人之间的交往互动；雅思常考话题（老龄化、科技对社交的影响）
搭配face-to-face social interaction, lack of social interaction, encourage social interaction
近义interpersonal communication, social contact, social engagement
反义social isolation, social withdrawal
派生interact (v.) 互动；interactive (adj.) 互动的
Regular social interaction helps elderly people maintain both mental and physical health.
经常的社交互动有助于老年人保持身心健康。
21field trip
实地考察
讲解可数名词短语，指为学习或研究而进行的校外实地活动；常与 go on / organise 连用
搭配go on a field trip, organise a field trip, a field trip to…
近义study tour, excursion, educational visit
派生fieldwork (n.) 实地调查工作
The biology class went on a field trip to study plants in the nearby wetland.
生物课去附近的湿地实地考察，研究植物。
22elemental force
主要力量
讲解可数名词短语，多用于科学、哲学语境，指构成世界的基本/自然力量；写作中可引申为根本动力
搭配an elemental force of nature, the elemental forces of the universe
近义fundamental force, primal force, basic power
派生element (n.) 元素；elemental (adj.) 基本的、自然的
Many scientists believe that gravity is one of the elemental forces shaping the universe.
许多科学家认为引力是塑造宇宙的基本力量之一。
23exhaustive survey
详细调查
讲解可数名词短语，强调调查全面彻底、不留遗漏；比 detailed survey 语气更强
搭配conduct/carry out an exhaustive survey, an exhaustive survey of…
近义comprehensive survey, thorough investigation, detailed study
反义a cursory survey, a superficial check
派生exhaustively (adv.) 详尽地；exhaustive (adj.) 详尽的
The government carried out an exhaustive survey before building the new high-speed railway.
政府在修建新高铁之前进行了详尽的调查。
24behavioural psychology
行为心理学
讲解不可数名词短语，研究可观察行为与刺激反应关系的心理学分支；英式拼写 behavioural，美式 behavioral
搭配the principles of behavioural psychology, a behavioural psychology experiment
近义behaviourism, behavioural science
派生behaviourist (n.) 行为主义者；behavioural (adj.) 行为的
Behavioural psychology suggests that habits are largely formed through repeated rewards.
行为心理学认为，习惯在很大程度上是通过反复奖励形成的。
25professional board
专业的董事会
讲解指由专业人士组成的董事会，强调其专业性与治理职能。
搭配professional board of directors, appoint a professional board
近义expert board, specialist board
派生boardroom, board member
The company appointed a professional board to oversee its expansion into overseas markets.
公司任命了一个专业的董事会来监督其海外市场的扩张。
26sustainable product
可持续产品
讲解指在生产和使用中对环境友好的产品，雅思环境类话题高频。
搭配sustainable product design, demand for sustainable products
近义eco-friendly product, green product
反义disposable product
派生sustainability, sustainably
Consumers are increasingly willing to pay more for sustainable products made from recycled materials.
消费者越来越愿意为用回收材料制成的可持续产品支付更高的价格。
27human civilisation
人类文明
讲解指人类社会整体发展进程，常用于历史与文化类写作。
搭配the dawn of human civilisation, ancient human civilisation
近义human society, human culture
派生civilise, civilised, civilisation
The invention of writing marked a turning point in the history of human civilisation.
文字的发明标志着人类文明史上的一个转折点。
28employment tribunal
劳资审裁处
讲解指专门处理劳资纠纷的裁判机构，英国用法，注意介词 to。
搭配take sb to an employment tribunal, file a claim with an employment tribunal
近义labour court, industrial tribunal
派生tribunal, arbitration
She took her former employer to an employment tribunal after being unfairly dismissed.
在被不公平解雇后，她把前雇主告上了劳资审裁处。
29water provision
供水
讲解指供水这一公共服务，正式用语，常见于社会与基础设施话题。
搭配water provision system, improve water provision
近义water supply, water delivery
派生provide, provider, provision
Rapid urban growth has put enormous pressure on water provision in many developing countries.
快速的城市增长给许多发展中国家的供水带来了巨大压力。
30physical violence
身体暴力
讲解指对他人身体造成伤害的暴力行为，与心理暴力相对。
搭配expose sb to physical violence, resort to physical violence
近义physical abuse, bodily harm
反义verbal abuse, psychological violence
派生violent, violence, violently
The report revealed that many children were exposed to physical violence at home.
该报告显示，许多儿童在家中遭受身体暴力。
31Land Transport Information
地面交通信息处
讲解常用于机场、车站等场所的指示牌，指提供地面交通咨询的服务台
搭配Land Transport Information desk, at the Land Transport Information, contact Land Transport Information
近义ground transportation information, surface transport information
派生land transport, transport information
Passengers should go to the Land Transport Information desk to ask about bus and train schedules.
乘客应前往地面交通信息处询问公交车和火车时刻表。
32remove obstacles
移除障碍
讲解常用于正式写作，表示排除困难或阻碍，宾语多为抽象名词
搭配remove obstacles to, remove barriers, overcome obstacles
近义clear obstacles, eliminate barriers
反义create obstacles, erect barriers
派生obstacle removal, obstacle-free
The new policy aims to remove obstacles that prevent small businesses from growing rapidly.
新政策旨在消除阻碍小企业快速发展的障碍。
33science fiction
科幻小说
讲解指以科学幻想为题材的小说或电影，不可数，作定语时常用单数
搭配science fiction novel, science fiction film, read science fiction
近义sci-fi, speculative fiction
派生science-fiction, sci-fi
Many science fiction novels explore how artificial intelligence might change human society.
许多科幻小说探讨人工智能可能如何改变人类社会。
34search out
找出；查出
讲解强调经过努力寻找后终于发现，语气比 find 更强
搭配search out information, search out the truth, search out a solution
近义seek out, hunt down, track down
反义overlook, miss
派生search, searchable
Researchers managed to search out the original documents hidden in the national archives.
研究人员设法找出了藏于国家档案馆的原始文件。
35give birth to
产生
讲解意为“产生、催生”，宾语多为抽象事物，如思想、制度、问题等
搭配give birth to new ideas, give birth to a movement, give birth to innovation
近义bring about, give rise to, generate
反义destroy, eliminate
派生birth, childbirth
The Industrial Revolution gave birth to many new social classes and urban problems.
工业革命催生了许多新的社会阶层和城市问题。
36a sheet of double glazing
双层玻璃板
讲解指由两层玻璃构成的隔热隔音板材，建筑类话题常用
搭配install double glazing, double-glazed windows, a sheet of glass
近义double-glazed panel, insulated glass
派生double-glazed, glazing
A sheet of double glazing can significantly reduce heat loss and outside noise.
一块双层玻璃板能显著减少热量流失和外部噪音。
37underlying causes
内在原因
讲解强调问题背后深层、根本的原因，常用于雅思写作分析类话题，如犯罪、污染、贫富差距等。
搭配underlying causes of crime / identify the underlying causes / address the underlying causes
近义root causes / fundamental reasons / deep-seated causes
反义superficial causes / immediate triggers
Economists argue that poverty and inequality are the underlying causes of rising crime rates.
经济学家认为，贫困和不平等是犯罪率上升的内在原因。
38snap up
迅速抓住；抢购
讲解指快速、急切地购买或抓住机会，口语和写作皆可用，常含"供不应求"意味。
搭配snap up a bargain / snap up tickets / snap up the opportunity
近义grab / seize / pounce on
反义pass up / turn down
Consumers snapped up the discounted tickets within minutes of their release online.
消费者在门票网上开售几分钟内就抢购一空。
39commit a crime
犯罪
讲解正式搭配，与 commit 连用表示"犯（罪、错）"，注意 commit 后接 crime/murder/fraud 等。
搭配commit a serious crime / commit a crime against sb / be convicted of committing a crime
近义break the law / offend / perpetrate a crime
反义obey the law / abide by the law
派生criminal (n./adj.) / criminality (n.)
People who commit a crime at a young age are more likely to reoffend later.
年轻时犯罪的人日后更有可能再次犯罪。
40combination lock
密码锁
讲解指需输入数字组合才能打开的锁，常用于描述安全、防盗场景。
搭配set a combination lock / a combination lock code / open a combination lock
近义number lock / coded lock
He forgot the combination lock code and could not open his gym locker.
他忘了密码锁的密码，打不开健身房的储物柜。
41intellectual clarity
清醒的头脑
讲解指思维敏锐、条理清晰的状态，可用于教育、健康等雅思话题。
搭配maintain intellectual clarity / gain intellectual clarity / intellectual clarity and focus
近义mental clarity / clear thinking / lucidity
反义mental confusion / muddled thinking
Meditation helps students maintain intellectual clarity during long hours of study.
冥想有助于学生在长时间学习中保持清醒的头脑。
42potential advantage
潜在优势
讲解指尚未显现但可能带来的好处，常用于利弊分析类写作。
搭配offer a potential advantage / gain a potential advantage / a potential advantage over sb
近义possible benefit / likely edge
反义potential drawback / potential disadvantage
Studying abroad offers a potential advantage in terms of language immersion.
出国留学在语言沉浸方面具有潜在优势。
43astronomical spectacle
天文奇观
讲解指罕见而壮观的天象，如日食、流星雨、极光等，常用于旅游与科普话题。
搭配astronomical spectacle, witness a spectacle, a spectacular sight
近义celestial phenomenon, cosmic wonder
派生astronomy, astronomer, astronomical
Thousands of visitors gathered on the hill to watch the astronomical spectacle of the meteor shower.
成千上万的游客聚集在山上观看流星雨这一天文奇观。
44ethnic group
民族
讲解指拥有共同文化、语言或血统的群体，比 race 更强调文化认同，雅思文化类话题常用。
搭配ethnic minority, ethnic identity, ethnic diversity
近义minority group, cultural community
派生ethnic, ethnicity, ethnically
The museum celebrates the traditions of every ethnic group living in the region.
这座博物馆展示该地区每个民族的传统。
45follow up
跟着；追逐
讲解既可指跟踪调查、后续跟进，也可指紧追某人；作名词时写作 follow-up。
搭配follow up on, follow up with, a follow-up study
近义pursue, track, chase
派生follow-up
Researchers decided to follow up the survey with interviews to confirm their findings.
研究人员决定在调查之后进行访谈，以证实他们的发现。
46a quiet backwater
一潭死水
讲解本义指水流停滞的河湾，引申为落后闭塞、毫无生气的地方，常带轻微贬义。
搭配a quiet backwater, a rural backwater, a cultural backwater
近义stagnant place, sleepy town
反义bustling metropolis, thriving hub
Once a quiet backwater, the village now attracts thousands of tourists every summer.
这个村庄曾是一潭死水，如今每年夏天吸引数千名游客。
47be allergic to
对…过敏
讲解表示对某物质过敏，也可引申为对某事极度反感，如 be allergic to hard work。
搭配allergic to pollen, allergic reaction, severely allergic
近义sensitive to, intolerant of
派生allergy, allergen, allergically
Many children in the city are allergic to peanuts and must check food labels carefully.
城里许多孩子对花生过敏，必须仔细查看食品标签。
48on display
展示，陈列
讲解表示某物正在被展出，强调状态；若强调动作则用 put/place sth on display。
搭配on public display, go on display, put sth on display
近义on show, on exhibition, exhibited
反义in storage, hidden away
The ancient pottery is now on display in the city's newly renovated history museum.
这些古代陶器目前在该市新翻修的历史博物馆展出。
49alien civilization
外来文明
讲解指地球以外的智慧文明，常用于天文、科幻类阅读与写作话题
搭配alien life, alien species, extraterrestrial civilization
近义extraterrestrial civilization, otherworldly culture
反义human civilization
Scientists still debate whether an alien civilization could ever contact Earth.
科学家们仍在争论外星文明是否有可能与地球接触。
50molten glass
熔化的玻璃
讲解molten 指高温熔化的金属或玻璃，只作定语，不能单独作表语
搭配molten metal, molten lava, molten steel
近义melted glass, liquefied glass
反义solid glass
Workers pour molten glass into moulds to shape bottles and windows.
工人把熔化的玻璃倒入模具，制成瓶子和窗玻璃。
51collect data
收集数据
讲解data 在学术写作中常作不可数名词，搭配动词 collect/gather/analyse
搭配gather data, analyse data, data collection
近义gather information, record figures
派生database, dataset
Researchers spent two years collecting data on air quality in major cities.
研究人员花了两年时间收集大城市空气质量的数据。
52essential glass supplier
重要的玻璃供应商
讲解essential 强调不可或缺，比 important 语气更强，常用于商业与供应链话题
搭配key supplier, major supplier, reliable supplier
近义vital supplier, crucial provider
反义minor supplier
The factory became an essential glass supplier for several local wine producers.
这家工厂成为当地几家葡萄酒生产商重要的玻璃供应商。
53archaeological evidence
考古证据
讲解学术写作常用短语，后接 that 从句或 for 引出所证明的内容
搭配provide evidence, strong evidence, evidence of
近义historical proof, excavated findings
派生archaeologist, archaeology, archaeological
Archaeological evidence suggests that the city was abandoned over three thousand years ago.
考古证据表明，这座城市在三千多年前被废弃了。
54native tongue/language
母语
讲解native tongue 与 native language 同义，tongue 此处指语言，较书面
搭配speak one's native tongue, mother tongue
近义first language, mother tongue
反义foreign language, second language
Many immigrants gradually lose fluency in their native tongue after decades abroad.
许多移民在国外生活几十年后，逐渐对自己的母语不再流利。
55normal precipitation
正常降水
讲解指与常年平均水平相当的降雨或降雪量，常用于气候、农业类雅思阅读与写作。
搭配normal precipitation levels, above normal precipitation, below normal precipitation
近义average rainfall, regular precipitation
反义abnormal precipitation, extreme drought
Farmers in this region rely on normal precipitation to ensure a stable harvest each year.
该地区的农民依靠正常降水来确保每年稳定的收成。
56light-sensing molecule
光敏分子
讲解生物学高频名词短语，指能感知光线的分子，常见于雅思阅读自然科学类文章。
搭配light-sensing molecule in the eye, a type of light-sensing molecule
近义photoreceptor molecule, light-sensitive molecule
派生light-sensing (形容词), light-sensitive (形容词)
The retina contains light-sensing molecules that convert incoming photons into electrical signals.
视网膜含有光敏分子，能将入射光子转化为电信号。
57ascribe to
把…归于…
讲解及物动词短语，常用 ascribe A to B，把A归因于B，写作中替换 attribute to。
搭配ascribe success to luck, ascribe the change to climate, be ascribed to
近义attribute to, credit to, put down to
反义deny, dissociate from
派生ascription (名词), ascribable (形容词)
Scientists ascribe the sudden decline in fish stocks to rising ocean temperatures.
科学家将鱼类种群的骤降归因于海洋温度上升。
58amino acid
氨基酸
讲解生物化学基础名词，雅思阅读营养与健康话题常见，注意 amino 与 acid 分写。
搭配essential amino acid, amino acid chain, amino acid sequence
近义protein building block
派生amino (形容词), peptide (相关词)
A balanced diet must supply all the essential amino acids that the body cannot make itself.
均衡饮食必须提供人体自身无法合成的所有必需氨基酸。
59entertainment industry
娱乐产业
讲解雅思写作常见话题词，讨论媒体、就业、经济时可用，注意 industry 前常加 the。
搭配the film entertainment industry, entertainment industry boom, work in the entertainment industry
近义show business, media sector
派生entertain (动词), entertaining (形容词), entertainer (名词)
The entertainment industry has grown rapidly, creating millions of jobs in major cities.
娱乐产业发展迅速，在大城市创造了数百万个就业岗位。
60office stationery
办公文具
讲解stationery 为不可数名词，指文具；勿与 stationary(静止的)混淆，是拼写考点。
搭配buy office stationery, office stationery supplies, a stationery cupboard
近义office supplies, writing materials
派生stationer (名词，文具商)
The company spends a large sum on office stationery such as paper, pens and folders.
公司在纸张、笔和文件夹等办公文具上花费了大量资金。