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1explosive combination
爆炸性的组合
讲解用于描述两种因素结合后产生强烈、往往负面的连锁反应，多含贬义或警示意味
搭配an explosive combination of, prove an explosive combination, create an explosive combination
近义a volatile mix, a dangerous cocktail
派生explode, explosion, explosive growth
The mix of cheap credit and reckless spending proved an explosive combination for the economy.
廉价信贷与无节制消费的结合，对经济而言是一个爆炸性的组合。
2permanent dwelling
永久性的住所
讲解指长期居住的固定住所，与临时住所相对，常用于住房、城市化类话题
搭配a permanent dwelling place, lack a permanent dwelling, seek a permanent dwelling
近义a fixed residence, a lasting home
反义temporary shelter, transient accommodation
派生dwell, dweller, dwelling house
Many young professionals cannot afford a permanent dwelling in the city centre.
许多年轻职场人士无力在市中心购置永久性住所。
3optical lenses
光学镜头
讲解指利用光学原理成像的镜片，常用于科技、医疗设备与摄影类话题
搭配high-quality optical lenses, a set of optical lenses, manufacture optical lenses
近义glass lenses, precision lenses
派生optics, optical, optically
Modern cameras rely on high-quality optical lenses to capture sharp images.
现代相机依靠高质量的光学镜头来拍摄清晰图像。
4shipping facility
运输设施
讲解指用于货物运输、装卸与仓储的设施，常用于物流、贸易与基建类话题
搭配build a shipping facility, upgrade shipping facilities, a modern shipping facility
近义freight facility, transport infrastructure
派生ship, shipment, shipping industry
The port expanded its shipping facility to handle growing international trade.
该港口扩建了运输设施，以应对不断增长的国际货运。
5ocean voyage
航海
讲解指跨越大洋的长途海上航行，常用于历史、探险与贸易类话题
搭配embark on an ocean voyage, a long ocean voyage, survive an ocean voyage
近义a sea journey, a transoceanic trip
派生voyage, voyager, voyaging
The ocean voyage from Europe to Asia once took several months to complete.
从欧洲到亚洲的远洋航行曾经需要数月才能完成。
6dismal question
令人沮丧的问题
讲解指令人感到悲观、棘手且难以解决的问题，多用于社会与政策类写作
搭配a dismal question for, raise a dismal question, remain a dismal question
近义a gloomy issue, a depressing problem
反义an encouraging prospect
派生dismal, dismally, dismalness
How to fund elderly care remains a dismal question for many governments.
如何为养老提供资金，对许多政府而言仍是一个令人沮丧的问题。
7public transportation
公共交通工具
讲解不可数名词短语，作主语时谓语用单数；雅思写作中常与 invest in、rely on 搭配讨论城市交通话题
搭配public transportation system, use public transportation, affordable public transportation
近义public transit, mass transit
反义private car, private vehicle
派生public transport (英式拼写)
Investing in public transportation can significantly reduce traffic congestion and air pollution in major cities.
投资公共交通可以显著减少大城市的交通拥堵和空气污染。
8trade barrier
贸易壁垒
讲解可数名词短语，常与 impose、remove、reduce 等动词搭配；雅思经济类话题高频表达
搭配impose trade barriers, remove trade barriers, tariff and non-tariff barriers
近义trade restriction, protectionist measure
反义free trade, trade liberalization
Removing trade barriers between countries often leads to lower prices and greater consumer choice.
消除国家间的贸易壁垒通常会带来更低的价格和更多的消费者选择。
9subscription fee
会员费
讲解可数名词短语，fee 可加 s 表复数；谈论订阅制服务、消费习惯等话题时常用
搭配monthly subscription fee, charge a subscription fee, waive the subscription fee
近义membership fee, service charge
派生subscribe (v.), subscriber (n.)
Many streaming platforms have raised their subscription fees, forcing users to reconsider their spending.
许多流媒体平台提高了会员费，迫使用户重新考虑他们的支出。
10bullet point
项目符号
讲解可数名词短语，常用于描述笔记、演示或文章排版；雅思听力中也可能出现在流程图说明里
搭配use bullet points, list sth in bullet points, a bullet-point list
近义bullet list, itemized list
派生bullet-pointed (adj.)
Using bullet points in your essay makes complex arguments easier for the examiner to follow.
在文章中使用项目符号能让考官更容易理解复杂的论点。
11undersea turbine
海底涡轮机
讲解可数名词短语，属于能源科技类话题词汇，常与 install、generate electricity 搭配
搭配install undersea turbines, tidal turbine, generate power
近义tidal turbine, marine turbine
派生turbine (n.) 涡轮机
Engineers believe undersea turbines could provide a reliable source of renewable energy for coastal towns.
工程师认为海底涡轮机能为沿海城镇提供可靠的可再生能源。
12cater for
迎合…
讲解动词短语，cater for 与 cater to 常可互换，但 cater to 有时含贬义（一味迎合）；雅思写作讨论服务业、旅游业时适用
搭配cater for all ages, cater for different needs, cater for a niche market
近义provide for, serve, accommodate
反义neglect, ignore
派生catering (n.) 餐饮服务
Many hotels now cater for guests with special dietary needs by offering vegan and gluten-free options.
许多酒店现在通过提供纯素和无麸质选择来迎合有特殊饮食需求的客人。
13in a real sense
从真正意义上来说
讲解用于强调从本质或深层角度看问题，多置于句首，后接完整句子，常见于雅思写作议论文开头或总结句
搭配in a real sense that; in a very real sense
近义in essence; fundamentally; at bottom
In a real sense, education is the most powerful weapon we can use to change the world.
从真正意义上来说，教育是我们能用来改变世界的最强大武器。
14bottom line
底线
讲解口语和写作中均可使用，表示最核心的结论或不可退让的底线；the bottom line is that... 是高频句型
搭配the bottom line is that; bottom line profit; hit the bottom line
近义the key point; the crux; the upshot
派生bottom-line (adj.) 根本的，底线的
The bottom line is that governments must invest more in renewable energy to combat climate change.
最根本的一点是，政府必须加大对可再生能源的投入以应对气候变化。
15furniture construction industry
家具制造业
讲解用于描述制造业细分领域，写作中可替换笼统的 manufacturing industry，体现用词精确
搭配furniture manufacturing; the construction industry; industry growth
近义furniture manufacturing sector; furnishings industry
The furniture construction industry has grown rapidly due to rising demand for custom-made products.
由于定制产品需求上升，家具制造业发展迅速。
16forage grass
饲草
讲解农业与环境类话题常用词，指供牲畜食用的草料，雅思阅读中常出现在农业可持续性文章中
搭配grow forage grass; forage crops; livestock forage
近义fodder; pasture grass; hay
派生forage (v.) 觅食，搜寻
Farmers in arid regions rely on forage grass to feed their livestock throughout the dry season.
干旱地区的农民依靠饲草在旱季喂养牲畜。
17monosodium glutamate
味精
讲解食品健康类话题词汇，常出现在雅思阅读和写作关于食品添加剂、健康饮食的讨论中
搭配contain monosodium glutamate; MSG-free; food additives
近义MSG; flavor enhancer
派生glutamate (n.) 谷氨酸盐
Many processed foods contain monosodium glutamate, which can cause allergic reactions in some people.
许多加工食品含有味精，这可能会引起某些人的过敏反应。
18cognitive and neurological system
认知和神经系统
讲解医学与健康类学术表达，常用于雅思写作讨论运动、衰老或大脑健康的话题
搭配affect the cognitive and neurological system; cognitive and neurological development
近义cognitive and neural system; brain and nervous system
Regular physical exercise benefits both the cognitive and neurological systems of older adults.
规律的体育锻炼对老年人的认知和神经系统都有益处。
19far-reaching consequence
影响深远的结果
讲解多指政策、决定等带来的长期而广泛的影响，常用于雅思写作讨论社会议题。
搭配have far-reaching consequences for; far-reaching effects; far-reaching impact
近义profound impact; long-lasting effect; wide-ranging influence
派生far-reachingly (adv.)
The new education policy will have far-reaching consequences for rural students across the country.
这项新教育政策将对全国农村学生产生深远的影响。
20average annual mileage
平均年行驶里程
讲解用于描述车辆使用频率，常出现在交通、环保类雅思写作与听力场景中。
搭配average annual mileage of; cover a mileage; low mileage
近义mean yearly distance; typical yearly travel
反义total mileage
The average annual mileage of private cars in this city has risen sharply over the past decade.
过去十年间，该市私家车的平均年行驶里程急剧上升。
21automatically sink
自动下沉
讲解描述物体在失去浮力或动力时自行下沉，常见于科技、海洋类阅读材料。
搭配automatically sink to the bottom; sink automatically
近义descend on its own; go down by itself
反义float automatically; rise automatically
Without proper buoyancy control, the submarine will automatically sink to the ocean floor.
如果没有适当的浮力控制，潜艇会自动下沉到海底。
22bank statement
银行对账单
讲解留学签证、贷款等场景中的常见材料，雅思听力与写作中常出现。
搭配submit a bank statement; monthly bank statement; bank statement showing savings
近义account statement; financial record
派生statement (n.) 陈述，报表
Applicants are usually required to submit a bank statement to prove they can cover their tuition fees.
申请者通常需要提交银行对账单，以证明他们有能力支付学费。
23wooden pagoda
木塔
讲解指以木材建造的佛塔，常用于文化遗产、建筑类雅思阅读与口语话题。
搭配ancient wooden pagoda; multi-storey wooden pagoda; well-preserved wooden pagoda
近义timber tower; wooden tower
派生pagoda (n.) 塔，佛塔
The ancient wooden pagoda has survived earthquakes for nearly a thousand years.
这座古老的木塔历经近千年，经受住了多次地震。
24unicellular organism
单细胞生物
讲解指仅由一个细胞构成的生物，常见于生物、科学类雅思阅读文章。
搭配unicellular organism; single-celled organism; microscopic organism
近义single-celled creature; microorganism
反义multicellular organism
派生unicellular (adj.) 单细胞的
Scientists study unicellular organisms to understand how the earliest life forms evolved.
科学家研究单细胞生物，以了解最早的生命形式是如何进化的。
25a blockbuster film
一部大片
讲解可数名词短语，指商业上极成功的大制作电影；雅思口语谈电影话题的高分表达。
搭配a blockbuster film, a summer blockbuster, a box-office hit
近义a smash hit, a big-budget movie
反义an indie film, a low-budget film
The director's latest blockbuster film broke box-office records across Asia within a week.
这位导演的最新大片一周内就打破了亚洲各地的票房纪录。
26foreign trekker
外国背包客
讲解trekker 指长途徒步旅行者，比 tourist 更强调徒步与探险色彩，多用于旅游话题。
搭配a foreign trekker, an experienced trekker, a lone trekker
近义a backpacker, a hiker, a wanderer
派生trek（v./n. 徒步旅行），trekking（n. 徒步）
A foreign trekker asked me for directions to the remote mountain village yesterday.
昨天一位外国背包客向我打听去那个偏远山村的路。
27chemical reaction
化学反应
讲解科学类阅读与写作高频名词短语，常与 speed up、trigger、occur 等动词搭配。
搭配speed up a chemical reaction, trigger a chemical reaction, a chemical reaction occurs
近义a chemical process, a chemical change
反义a physical change
Adding a catalyst can speed up a chemical reaction without being consumed itself.
加入催化剂可以加快化学反应，而催化剂本身不会被消耗。
28impose on
把…强加于
讲解及物动词短语，常用 impose sth on sb 结构；被动式 be imposed on 在写作中很常见。
搭配impose sth on sb, impose a burden on, impose strict rules on
近义force sth on, push sth onto
派生imposition（n. 强加；征收），imposing（adj. 壮观的）
Parents should not impose their own career choices on their children without discussion.
父母不应未经商量就把自己的职业选择强加给孩子。
29video games arcade
电子游戏机厅
讲解指摆放投币式游戏机的娱乐场所，英式常说 amusement arcade，口语中也可简说 arcade。
搭配a video games arcade, go to an arcade, an amusement arcade
近义a gaming arcade, an amusement centre
We spent the whole afternoon in a video games arcade near the shopping centre.
我们在购物中心附近的一家电子游戏机厅待了一整个下午。
30educating psyche
教育心理
讲解psyche 指人的心理、心灵；educating psyche 属偏学术表达，多见于教育类阅读文章。
搭配the human psyche, the educating psyche, shape the psyche
近义educational psychology, the learner's mind
派生psychological（adj. 心理的），psychology（n. 心理学）
Teachers who understand the educating psyche of teenagers can motivate them far more effectively.
了解青少年教育心理的教师能更有效地激励他们。
31academic atmosphere
学术气氛
讲解用于描述学校、研究机构的学习与研究氛围，常与 create、foster、rich 等词搭配。
搭配academic atmosphere on campus, create a strong academic atmosphere
近义scholarly environment, intellectual climate
派生academically, academia
The university's rich academic atmosphere attracts thousands of international students every year.
这所大学浓厚的学术气氛每年吸引数千名国际学生。
32athletic equipment
运动器材
讲解指球类、器械等体育用品，属不可数或集合用法；美式常用 athletic，英式也说 sports equipment。
搭配buy athletic equipment, a piece of athletic equipment
近义sports gear, sports facilities
派生athletics, athlete, athletic
Schools should invest more in athletic equipment to encourage students to exercise regularly.
学校应加大对运动器材的投入，鼓励学生经常锻炼。
33conflict-related stress
冲突相关压力
讲解复合形容词 conflict-related 作定语修饰 stress，多用于心理、社会类话题写作。
搭配suffer from conflict-related stress, relieve conflict-related stress
近义war-induced stress, trauma-related stress
派生conflict, stressful, stressed
Refugees often suffer from conflict-related stress long after they have left their homeland.
难民在离开家园很久之后仍常受冲突相关压力的困扰。
34be pierced by
被刺穿
讲解被动结构，强调被尖锐物刺透；也可用于比喻，如 be pierced by a scream（被尖叫声刺透）。
搭配be pierced by an arrow, be pierced by a needle
近义be penetrated by, be punctured by
派生pierce, piercing, piercingly
The knight's armor was pierced by a sharp arrow during the fierce battle.
激战中，骑士的盔甲被一支利箭刺穿。
35chop down
砍倒；伐倒
讲解动副短语，宾语为代词时须放中间，如 chop it down；常用于环保话题。
搭配chop down trees, chop down a forest
近义cut down, fell
反义plant, grow
派生chopper, chop
Illegal loggers chop down thousands of trees in the rainforest every single day.
非法伐木者每天在雨林中砍倒成千上万棵树。
36commercial fleet
商船队
讲解指用于商业运输的船队或车队，常见于经济、贸易类阅读与写作。
搭配a large commercial fleet, expand the commercial fleet
近义merchant fleet, merchant marine
派生commerce, commercialize, commercially
The country's commercial fleet expanded rapidly as overseas trade continued to grow.
随着海外贸易持续增长，该国的商船队迅速扩张。
37settle in
习惯(新居)；适应
讲解指适应新环境或新居，常用于描述搬家、入学、换工作后的过渡期，后常接介词in或into。
记忆settle(安顿)+in(进入)，想象把行李放下、心也安定下来。
搭配settle in a new place / settle into a routine / settle in quickly
近义adapt / adjust / get used to
反义feel out of place
It took me a few weeks to settle in after moving to a new city for university.
搬到新城市上大学后，我花了几周时间才适应下来。
38comprehensive coverage
全面涵盖
讲解用于描述报道、课程或研究涉及面广，雅思写作中常用来评价资料或媒体内容。
记忆comprehensive(全面的)+coverage(覆盖)，覆盖到每个角落。
搭配provide comprehensive coverage / comprehensive coverage of / media coverage
近义extensive coverage / thorough treatment
反义narrow focus / limited scope
The report offers comprehensive coverage of both environmental and economic impacts.
这份报告全面涵盖了环境和经济两方面的影响。
39particularly prominent
尤其突出
讲解用于强调某事物在同类中格外显眼或重要，写作中可引出重点论据。
记忆particularly(尤其)+prominent(突出的)，双重强调。
搭配particularly prominent in / become particularly prominent
近义especially noticeable / notably significant
反义barely noticeable / insignificant
Among the many risk factors, air pollution is particularly prominent in urban areas.
在众多风险因素中，空气污染在城市地区尤其突出。
40valuable evidence
宝贵的证据
讲解学术语境中指有说服力、能支撑论点的资料，雅思写作中可用于论证研究意义。
记忆valuable(有价值的)+evidence(证据)，不可数名词，前面不加a。
搭配provide valuable evidence / valuable evidence of / gather evidence
近义strong evidence / compelling proof
反义weak evidence / mere speculation
Archaeologists uncovered valuable evidence that early humans used fire for cooking.
考古学家发现了早期人类用火烹饪的宝贵证据。
41variability study
可变性研究
讲解学术用语，指针对某现象变化程度的研究，常见于气候、统计、医学领域。
记忆variability(可变性)+study(研究)，研究变化本身。
搭配conduct a variability study / climate variability study
近义fluctuation analysis / variation research
派生variable / vary / various
The variability study revealed significant differences in rainfall across the region.
这项可变性研究揭示了该地区降雨量的显著差异。
42bound up with
与…紧密相关
讲解表示两者密不可分，常用于雅思写作中论证社会因素与结果的关系。
记忆bound(绑定的)+up with，像被绑在一起。
搭配be bound up with / closely bound up with
近义closely linked to / tied to / associated with
反义independent of / unrelated to
A person's health is closely bound up with their living and working conditions.
一个人的健康与其生活和工作条件紧密相关。
43cumulative effect
累积效应
讲解强调多个小因素长期叠加产生的总影响，常用于健康、环境、教育类雅思写作。
记忆来自动词 accumulate（积累），cumulative 即"不断累加的"。
搭配have a cumulative effect on, the cumulative effect of, cumulative impact
近义combined effect, compounded effect, knock-on effect
反义immediate effect, short-term effect
派生accumulate, accumulation, cumulatively
Years of poor diet have a cumulative effect on your overall health and energy levels.
多年的不良饮食会对你的整体健康和精力水平产生累积效应。
44nutrient deficiency
养分缺乏
讲解指身体缺乏必需营养素，医学与健康类话题常用，可作可数或不可数。
记忆nutrient（营养）+ deficiency（缺乏），deficiency 含 de-（否定）+ fic（做）。
搭配suffer from nutrient deficiency, correct a deficiency, vitamin deficiency
近义nutritional shortage, malnutrition, dietary lack
反义nutrient adequacy, balanced nutrition
派生deficient, deficiency, nutritious
Children in poor regions often suffer from nutrient deficiency, which stunts their physical growth.
贫困地区的儿童常患有养分缺乏，这阻碍了他们的身体发育。
45chop up
切碎，剁碎
讲解口语化动词短语，指把食物切成小块，比 cut 更强调"剁碎"这一动作。
记忆chop（砍）+ up（完全），表示彻底切碎。
搭配chop up onions, chop up meat, finely chopped up
近义cut up, dice, mince
派生chopper, chopped
She chopped up the vegetables and added them to the boiling pot of soup.
她把蔬菜切碎，然后加进沸腾的汤锅里。
46underlying cause
根本原因
讲解指隐藏于表面现象之下的根本原因，雅思写作分析因果时非常实用。
记忆under（下面）+ lying（位于），即"位于下方的"根本原因。
搭配the underlying cause of, address the underlying cause, identify the underlying cause
近义root cause, fundamental reason, primary cause
反义superficial cause, symptom
派生underlie, underlyingly
Poverty is often the underlying cause of many social problems in developing countries.
贫困往往是发展中国家许多社会问题的根本原因。
47auditory channel
听觉途径
讲解指信息通过听觉进入大脑的通道，教育心理与学习方式类话题常用。
记忆auditory（听觉的）+ channel（渠道），二者均为正式学术词。
搭配through the auditory channel, the auditory channel of learning, visual and auditory channels
近义hearing pathway, aural mode
反义visual channel, written channel
派生auditory, audio, aurally
Learners who rely on the auditory channel often remember new words better by listening.
依赖听觉途径的学习者往往通过听来更好地记住新单词。
48wipe out
消灭；彻底摧毁
讲解语气强烈，指彻底消灭或摧毁，可用于疾病、物种、城市等话题。
记忆wipe（擦）+ out（彻底），像擦掉一样清除干净。
搭配wipe out a disease, be wiped out by, wipe out entire populations
近义eradicate, eliminate, destroy
反义preserve, protect, conserve
派生wipeout, wiped out
The new vaccine could wipe out the disease within a decade if widely distributed.
如果广泛分发，这种新疫苗可能在十年内消灭这种疾病。
49false dichotomy
错误的对立
讲解指把复杂问题简化为非此即彼的两个选项，忽略中间可能；常用于批判论证逻辑
记忆false（错误）+ dichotomy（二分法）→ 错误的二分对立
搭配present a false dichotomy, create a false dichotomy, a false dichotomy between A and B
近义a false choice, an either-or fallacy, a false dilemma
派生dichotomous (adj.) 二分的
Politicians often present a false dichotomy between economic growth and environmental protection.
政客们常常在经济增长与环境保护之间制造一种错误的对立。
50supercolony of the ant
超级蚁群
讲解supercolony 指由多个巢穴组成、个体间互不攻击的巨大蚁群联盟；科普类阅读常见
记忆super（超级）+ colony（群落/殖民地）→ 超级群落
搭配form a supercolony, a supercolony of ants, an enormous supercolony
近义a giant colony, a mega-colony
派生colonial (adj.) 群落的；colonize (v.) 聚居
A single supercolony of the ant may stretch across thousands of kilometres of coastline.
一个单一的超级蚁群可能绵延数千公里的海岸线。
51extensive landholdings
广阔的土地保有量
讲解landholdings 常用复数，指个人或机构拥有的大片土地；历史与农业类文章高频
记忆extensive（广阔的）+ land（土地）+ holdings（持有物）→ 大片地产
搭配extensive landholdings, acquire landholdings, hereditary landholdings
近义large estates, vast properties, landed property
派生landholder (n.) 土地所有者
The aristocracy owned extensive landholdings that generated enormous annual rents.
贵族拥有广阔的土地保有量，每年产生巨额租金。
52artificial dyes
人工染料
讲解artificial 强调人造、非天然，常与 dye/additive/flavour 等食品化学词搭配
记忆artificial（人工的）+ dyes（染料）→ 人工合成色素
搭配artificial dyes, synthetic dyes, food dyes
近义synthetic colourings, chemical colourants
反义natural dyes, natural pigments
派生dye (v.) 染色；dyed (adj.) 染色的
Many consumers now avoid artificial dyes and prefer products coloured with natural extracts.
如今许多消费者避开人工染料，更青睐用天然提取物着色的产品。
53out of print
绝版
讲解固定短语，指书籍不再印刷发行、市面难买；常用于出版、收藏类话题
记忆out of（脱离）+ print（印刷）→ 脱离印刷状态 → 绝版
搭配go out of print, be out of print, long out of print
近义no longer published, no longer in circulation
反义in print, available
The novel has been out of print for decades, so copies now sell for a fortune.
这本小说已绝版数十年，因此如今副本售价不菲。
54bank account
银行账户
讲解日常金融高频词，与 open/close/have 搭配；写作中可指个人理财话题
记忆bank（银行）+ account（账户）→ 银行账户
搭配open a bank account, a joint bank account, a savings bank account
近义a banking account, an account with a bank
派生account holder (n.) 账户持有人
Opening a student bank account usually requires proof of address and identification.
开立学生银行账户通常需要地址证明和身份证明。
55be presumed to
被推定为
讲解多用于法律、规章、正式文书，表示在无相反证据时作出的推定，比 be thought to 更正式
搭配be presumed innocent, be presumed dead, be presumed to have done
近义be assumed to, be taken to, be regarded as
派生presumption (n. 推定；假设), presumable (adj. 可推定的)
Anyone who fails to reply within ten days is presumed to have accepted the offer.
任何未在十天内回复的人都被推定已接受该提议。
56displacement effect
替代效应
讲解经济与社会学常用语，指某因素把原有对象挤出、取代，常与 cause/produce 连用
搭配cause a displacement effect, produce a displacement effect, the displacement effect of imports
近义substitution effect, crowding-out effect
派生displace (v. 取代；使离开原职), displaced (adj. 被迫迁移的)
Cheaper imported goods may cause a displacement effect, pushing local workers out of their jobs.
更便宜的进口商品可能产生替代效应，使当地工人失去工作。
57indiscriminate applications
滥用
讲解指不加区分、盲目大量地使用某物，含明显贬义，多用于批评环境与资源问题
搭配the indiscriminate application of, indiscriminate use of, indiscriminate cutting of forests
近义indiscriminate use, reckless use, unregulated use
反义selective use, targeted application
派生indiscriminately (adv. 不加区分地), discriminate (v. 区分；歧视)
Indiscriminate applications of pesticides have damaged soil quality across large farming regions.
农药的滥用已损害了大片农业地区的土壤质量。
58keen to
热衷于做某事
讲解be keen to do 表示热切想做某事，语气比 want to 强，口语写作均常用
搭配be keen to do sth, be keen on sth, be keen that...
近义be eager to, be anxious to, be enthusiastic about
反义be reluctant to, be unwilling to
派生keenness (n. 热衷；敏锐), keenly (adv. 热切地)
Many graduates are keen to gain overseas experience before settling into a permanent career.
许多毕业生渴望在进入长期职业之前获得海外经历。
59altered version
修改版
讲解指对原版做过改动的版本，改动可大可小，常用于书籍、软件、方案等
搭配an altered version of, a slightly altered version, release an altered version
近义a revised version, a modified version, an amended version
反义the original version
派生alter (v. 改变), alteration (n. 改动)
The publisher released an altered version of the textbook after several factual errors were found.
在发现若干事实错误后，出版社发行了该教科书的修改版。
60research capability
研究能力
讲解指开展研究所需的整体实力，常用于教育、科技与创新类话题
搭配build research capability, strengthen research capability, limited research capability
近义research capacity, research strength
派生capable (adj. 有能力的), capability (n. 能力)
Investment in research capability has helped several universities attract top international scholars.
对研究能力的投入帮助几所大学吸引了顶尖国际学者。