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1look through
快速查看；浏览
讲解表示快速翻阅、浏览，强调粗略看过而非逐字精读，后接读物或文件。
搭配look through a report / look through the notes / look through a list
近义skim through / glance over / browse through
反义read carefully / study in detail
She looked through the report quickly before the meeting began.
会议开始前，她快速浏览了一遍报告。
2specialise in
专门从事，专门研究
讲解英式拼写 specialise，美式为 specialize；后接名词或动名词，指专门从事某领域。
搭配specialise in medicine / specialise in law / specialise in research
近义focus on / concentrate on
反义generalise / dabble in
派生specialisation / specialist / specialised
This clinic specialises in treating sports injuries for professional athletes.
这家诊所专门治疗职业运动员的运动损伤。
3private garden
私家花园
讲解指归私人所有、非公共使用的花园，常用于房产描述或居住环境话题。
搭配a private garden / a small private garden / overlook a private garden
近义personal garden / own garden
反义public garden / communal garden
The house comes with a private garden that faces the morning sun.
这栋房子带有一个朝东的私家花园。
4have a major impact on
对…有重大影响
讲解用于论述影响程度，impact 前常加 major/significant/profound 等形容词，后接 on。
搭配have a major impact on health / have a major impact on the economy
近义have a significant effect on / greatly influence
反义have little impact on / have no effect on
Regular exercise can have a major impact on both physical and mental health.
规律锻炼对身心健康都能产生重大影响。
5vital breakthrough
重大突破
讲解指关键性的重大进展，vital 强调至关重要，多用于科技、医学等话题。
搭配a vital breakthrough / achieve a vital breakthrough / a vital breakthrough in science
近义a major breakthrough / a crucial advance
反义a setback / a dead end
Scientists described the new vaccine as a vital breakthrough in disease prevention.
科学家称这种新疫苗是疾病预防领域的重大突破。
6family configuration
家庭构成
讲解指家庭的成员组成与结构，多用于社会、人口类写作话题。
搭配family configuration / changes in family configuration / a new family configuration
近义family structure / family composition
派生configure / configuration
Changing family configuration has reshaped how people share household responsibilities.
家庭构成的变化重塑了人们分担家务责任的方式。
7in pristine condition
在原始状态
讲解强调事物完好如初、未受损坏，常用于描述古迹、自然景观或物品的保存状态
搭配in pristine condition, remain pristine, pristine wilderness, pristine environment
近义in mint condition, in immaculate condition, untouched
反义in ruins, dilapidated, deteriorated
The ancient temple remains in pristine condition despite centuries of exposure to harsh weather.
尽管经历了几个世纪的恶劣天气，这座古庙仍保持着原始状态。
8gallant hero
勇敢的英雄
讲解gallant 指英勇无畏、有骑士风度，常用于文学描写或正式文体中赞美英雄人物
搭配gallant hero, gallant effort, gallant soldier, gallant resistance
近义brave hero, valiant hero, courageous hero
反义cowardly villain, timid figure
派生gallantly, gallantry
The gallant hero risked his life to rescue the villagers trapped in the burning building.
这位勇敢的英雄冒着生命危险去营救被困在燃烧建筑中的村民。
9unmechanised travel
非机械化旅行
讲解指不依赖机械动力的出行方式，常用于旅游话题中讨论可持续旅行和深度体验
搭配unmechanised travel, unmechanised transport, unmechanised farming
近义non-motorised travel, human-powered travel
反义mechanised travel, motorised transport
Unmechanised travel, such as walking or cycling, allows tourists to connect more deeply with local culture.
非机械化旅行，如步行或骑行，使游客能够更深入地接触当地文化。
10discrete descriptions
独立描述
讲解discrete 意为分离的、不连续的，注意与 discreet（谨慎的）拼写和含义不同
搭配discrete descriptions, discrete categories, discrete units, discrete data
近义separate descriptions, distinct descriptions, individual descriptions
反义continuous descriptions, overlapping descriptions
派生discreteness, discretely
Scientists provided discrete descriptions of each species, separating them into clearly defined categories.
科学家们对每个物种进行了独立描述，将它们分为明确界定的类别。
11acoustic sense
听觉
讲解acoustic 与声音、听觉相关，acoustic sense 即听觉，常用于生物学或声学语境
搭配acoustic sense, acoustic signals, acoustic environment, acoustic properties
近义auditory sense, sense of hearing
派生acoustics, acoustically, acoustic
Bats rely on their acoustic sense to navigate through complete darkness and hunt for insects.
蝙蝠依靠听觉在完全黑暗中导航并捕食昆虫。
12access to
通向…的途径，做…的方法
讲解access to 中 to 为介词，后接名词或动名词，常用于讨论权利、机会和资源分配
搭配access to education, access to healthcare, gain access to, have access to
近义entry to, admission to, availability of
反义denial of access, exclusion from
派生accessible, accessibility, accessibly
Governments should ensure that all citizens have equal access to quality education and healthcare.
政府应确保所有公民都能平等地获得优质教育和医疗保健。
13leading figure
领军人物
讲解指某领域最有影响力、起带头作用的人，常用于学术、商业、政治语境
搭配a leading figure in, emerge as a leading figure, a leading figure of the movement
近义prominent figure, key player, pioneer
反义follower, obscure figure
派生leadership, lead
She became a leading figure in the field of renewable energy after decades of research.
经过数十年的研究，她成为可再生能源领域的领军人物。
14mathematical treatise
数学论文
讲解treatise 指系统性的学术专著或论文，比 paper 更正式、篇幅更长
搭配a mathematical treatise, publish a treatise, a treatise on
近义academic paper, dissertation, monograph
派生treatises（复数）
His mathematical treatise on prime numbers was published when he was only twenty-five.
他关于素数的数学论文在年仅二十五岁时就发表了。
15take over
接管；取代
讲解既可指接管职务/公司，也可指取代、取代某人位置；注意 take over 后可接宾语或单独使用
搭配take over a company, take over from sb, take over control
近义assume control, succeed, replace
反义give up, relinquish, step down
派生takeover（名词）
The new manager will take over the department next month after the current director retires.
现任主管退休后，新经理将于下个月接管该部门。
16auditory problem
听觉问题
讲解auditory 意为听觉的，常用于医学、教育、心理学语境描述与听力相关的障碍
搭配auditory problem, auditory processing, auditory nerve
近义hearing difficulty, hearing impairment
派生auditory（形容词）, audibly, audience
Children with auditory problems may struggle to follow instructions in a noisy classroom.
有听觉问题的儿童在嘈杂的教室里可能难以听懂指令。
17polar explanations
截然不同的解释
讲解polar 本义为极地的，引申为完全对立的、截然相反的，常用于描述观点分歧
搭配polar explanations, polar opposite, polar views
近义opposite, contradictory, contrasting
反义similar, identical
派生polarity, polarize, polarization
Historians have offered polar explanations for the sudden collapse of that ancient civilization.
历史学家对那个古代文明的突然崩溃提出了截然不同的解释。
18active agent
活化剂，活性剂
讲解active agent 在化学/生物中指起活性作用的物质，也可泛指起积极推动作用的人或因素
搭配active agent, a active agent in, chemical active agent
近义catalyst, activator, active substance
反义inhibitor, passive element
派生activity, activate, activation
Enzymes act as active agents that speed up chemical reactions inside living cells.
酶作为活性剂，能加速活细胞内的化学反应。
19instrumental component
重要组成部分
讲解instrumental component 指“起关键作用的组成部分”，多用于学术或正式写作，强调某事物对整体结果不可或缺。
搭配play an instrumental component in, a vital instrumental component
近义key element, crucial part, essential component
反义minor detail, peripheral factor
派生instrumentally (adv.)
Public transport plays an instrumental component in reducing urban air pollution.
公共交通在减少城市空气污染方面起着重要作用。
20artistic genre
艺术体裁
讲解artistic genre 指艺术作品的类别或体裁，如绘画、雕塑、摄影等，常用于文化类雅思写作和口语话题。
搭配a distinct artistic genre, a popular artistic genre
近义art form, creative category
派生genre-based (adj.)
Photography has evolved into a respected artistic genre over the past century.
摄影在过去一个世纪里已发展成为一种受尊重的艺术体裁。
21international project
国际项目
讲解international project 指跨国合作的项目，常与 participate in, undertake, collaborate on 等动词搭配，适用于工作与教育话题。
搭配participate in an international project, launch an international project
近义global initiative, multinational venture
反义domestic project, local scheme
Working on an international project helped her develop strong cross-cultural communication skills.
参与国际项目帮助她培养了很强的跨文化沟通能力。
22geographical distribution
地理分布
讲解geographical distribution 指某事物在地理空间上的分布情况，是地理、生态类学术写作的高频表达。
搭配the geographical distribution of, study the geographical distribution
近义spatial spread, geographic pattern
派生geographically (adv.), distribute (v.)
Scientists mapped the geographical distribution of the species across three continents.
科学家绘制了该物种在三大洲的地理分布图。
23cutting-edge technology
尖端技术
讲解cutting-edge technology 指最先进、最前沿的技术，常用于科技与商业类话题，语气比 advanced 更强。
搭配adopt cutting-edge technology, cutting-edge technological innovation
近义state-of-the-art technology, pioneering tech
反义outdated technology, obsolete equipment
Investing in cutting-edge technology allows companies to stay competitive in global markets.
投资尖端技术使公司能够在全球市场中保持竞争力。
24rural workforce
农村劳动力
讲解rural workforce 指农村地区的劳动力，常与 decline, shortage, migrate 等词搭配，适用于城乡发展与农业话题。
搭配a shortage of rural workforce, the rural workforce decline
近义agricultural labour force, farming manpower
反义urban workforce
Many young people leave their villages, leaving the rural workforce significantly reduced.
许多年轻人离开村庄，导致农村劳动力大幅减少。
25interact with
和…相互作用
讲解interact with 后接人或物，强调双向影响，常用于描述人际、化学或系统间作用。
搭配interact with each other, interact closely with, interact with the environment
近义communicate with, engage with, deal with
派生interaction, interactive, interactively
Children learn social skills when they interact with peers in group activities.
孩子们在集体活动中与同伴互动时学习社交技能。
26orthodox medicine
正统医疗
讲解orthodox medicine 指现代科学医学体系，与 alternative medicine 相对，写作中常作对比。
搭配practice orthodox medicine, rely on orthodox medicine, orthodox medical treatment
近义conventional medicine, mainstream medicine, Western medicine
反义alternative medicine, holistic therapy
派生orthodoxy, orthodox, unorthodox
Many patients turn to orthodox medicine after alternative treatments fail to work.
许多患者在替代疗法无效后转而求助于正统医疗。
27society split
社会分歧
讲解society split 指社会群体间的对立分化，多用于社会类话题，可作可数名词。
搭配cause a society split, widen the society split, bridge the society split
近义social divide, social division, social rift
反义social cohesion, social unity
The new policy deepened the society split between urban and rural residents.
新政策加深了城乡居民之间的社会分歧。
28landscape photographer
风景摄影师
讲解landscape photographer 指专拍自然风景的摄影师，写作中可作职业或爱好举例。
搭配a professional landscape photographer, an award-winning landscape photographer
近义nature photographer, scenic photographer
派生landscape photography, photograph, photographic
A skilled landscape photographer waits hours for the perfect light on the mountains.
一位技艺高超的风景摄影师会在山间等待数小时以捕捉完美的光线。
29human error
人为失误
讲解human error 为不可数名词短语，指人为疏忽或判断失误，常与事故、数据错误搭配。
搭配due to human error, result from human error, reduce human error
近义human mistake, human misjudgment
反义mechanical failure, technical fault
Most aviation accidents are caused by human error rather than mechanical failure.
大多数航空事故是由人为失误而非机械故障造成的。
30social responsibility
社会责任
讲解social responsibility 指个人或组织对社会的义务，常与 fulfil, take, shoulder 等动词搭配。
搭配fulfil social responsibility, corporate social responsibility, take social responsibility
近义civic duty, public duty
派生socially responsible, responsibility, responsible
Companies should fulfil their social responsibility by reducing pollution and supporting local communities.
企业应通过减少污染和支持当地社区来履行社会责任。
31animal fodder
动物饲料
讲解fodder 指喂牲畜的粗饲料，比 feed 更具体，多指干草、秸秆类
搭配animal fodder, cattle fodder, fodder crops
近义feed, forage, provender
派生fodder（动词：喂养）
Farmers rely on cheap animal fodder to keep their livestock healthy through the winter.
农民依靠廉价的动物饲料让牲畜健康过冬。
32reference book
参考书
讲解reference book 指供查阅而非通读的工具书，如词典、年鉴、手册
搭配a reference book on, consult a reference book, standard reference book
近义sourcebook, handbook, manual
反义novel, textbook（通读类）
Students should consult a reliable reference book before citing statistics in their essays.
学生在论文中引用统计数据前，应查阅可靠的参考书。
33flaming debris
燃烧的碎片
讲解flaming 强调正在燃烧，debris 指残骸碎片，为不可数名词
搭配flaming debris, scattered debris, clear the debris
近义burning wreckage, smouldering rubble
反义intact structure
Rescue teams searched the ruins for survivors amid the flaming debris of the collapsed tower.
救援队在倒塌大楼燃烧的碎片中搜寻生还者。
34conservation project
保护项目
讲解conservation project 常指野生动物或环境资源的保护计划，雅思环境类高频
搭配launch a conservation project, wildlife conservation, conservation area
近义preservation scheme, protection programme
反义destruction project
The government funded a conservation project to protect the endangered snow leopard.
政府资助了一个保护项目来保护濒危的雪豹。
35a bulging sack of letters
鼓鼓的一大麻袋信件
讲解bulging 形容因装满而鼓起，sack 指粗布袋，整体强调数量之多
搭配a bulging sack of, bulging with, a sack of mail
近义overflowing bag, packed sack
反义empty sack
A bulging sack of letters arrived at the office after the charity appeal was broadcast.
慈善募捐节目播出后，一大袋鼓鼓的信件送到了办公室。
36mitigate emissions
减少排放物
讲解mitigate 意为减轻、缓和，比 reduce 正式，多用于环境与政策话题
搭配mitigate emissions, mitigate the impact, mitigate climate change
近义reduce, lessen, curb
反义aggravate, intensify
派生mitigation（名词：缓解）
Many governments have pledged to mitigate emissions by switching to renewable energy sources.
许多政府已承诺通过转向可再生能源来减少排放。
37quantum entanglement
量子纠缠
讲解物理学术语，指两个粒子无论相距多远都彼此关联的状态；雅思科技类阅读常见。
搭配quantum entanglement theory, quantum entanglement experiment, study quantum entanglement
近义quantum correlation, quantum linkage
派生entangled (adj.) 纠缠的
Scientists are still debating how quantum entanglement could be used to build ultra-secure communication networks.
科学家们仍在争论如何利用量子纠缠来构建超安全的通信网络。
38high divorce rate
高离婚率
讲解社会类写作高频表达，常与 rising / soaring 替换使用；rate 前用 high 而非 big。
搭配rising divorce rate, divorce rate soar, reduce the divorce rate
近义marital breakdown rate, rate of marital dissolution
反义low divorce rate, stable marriage rate
派生divorcee (n.) 离异者
The high divorce rate in big cities has prompted many sociologists to examine modern marriage patterns.
大城市的高离婚率促使许多社会学家研究现代婚姻模式。
39premier member
高级会员
讲解商业类语境中表示最高等级会员；premier 意为首要的、最优的，比 VIP 更正式。
搭配premier member benefits, become a premier member, premier membership card
近义premium member, elite member
反义basic member, standard member
派生premiere (n.) 首映；premier (adj.) 首要的
Premier members can enjoy free delivery and exclusive discounts throughout the year.
高级会员全年可享受免费配送和专属折扣。
40habitat destruction
栖息地破坏
讲解环境类写作核心短语，常与 deforestation, urbanisation 并列作原因；destruction 不可数。
搭配habitat destruction and loss, cause habitat destruction, prevent habitat destruction
近义habitat loss, ecosystem degradation
反义habitat restoration, habitat conservation
派生destroy (v.) 破坏；destructive (adj.) 破坏性的
Habitat destruction caused by deforestation has driven countless species to the brink of extinction.
森林砍伐造成的栖息地破坏已将无数物种推向灭绝边缘。
41mundane problem
平凡的问题
讲解mundane 意为平凡的、乏味的，略带贬义；写作中可用来对比日常琐事与宏大议题。
搭配mundane task, mundane details, mundane routine
近义ordinary problem, trivial matter
反义extraordinary issue, profound question
派生mundanely (adv.) 平淡地
Rather than chasing grand goals, she prefers solving mundane problems that affect people's daily lives.
她更愿意解决影响人们日常生活的平凡问题，而不是追求宏大目标。
42original paintings
原画
讲解original 在此指真迹、原作，与 reproduction / copy 相对；艺术类阅读写作常见。
搭配original paintings and sculptures, authentic original paintings, collect original paintings
近义authentic artworks, genuine pieces
反义reproductions, copies, forgeries
派生originality (n.) 独创性；originally (adv.) 最初
The gallery displays original paintings by Van Gogh alongside digital reproductions for educational purposes.
该画廊展出梵高的原画，同时为教育目的展示数字复制品。
43dazzling opportunism
非凡的投机手段
讲解dazzling 强调“令人眼花缭乱的、非凡的”，opportunism 含贬义，指“投机主义、见风使舵”
搭配dazzling opportunism / political opportunism / seize opportunities
近义brilliant opportunism / shrewd opportunism
派生opportunist (n.) 投机者；opportunistic (adj.) 投机的
The entrepreneur's dazzling opportunism turned a small market gap into a global business empire.
这位企业家非凡的投机手段把一个小小的市场空白变成了全球商业帝国。
44time-consuming techniques
费时很久的技术
讲解time-consuming 为形容词，指“耗时的”，常修饰 techniques、process、task 等
搭配time-consuming techniques / a time-consuming process / labor-intensive
近义lengthy procedures / laborious methods
反义time-saving techniques / efficient methods
Traditional farming methods are often time-consuming techniques that few young people are willing to adopt.
传统耕作方法往往是费时很久的技术，很少有年轻人愿意采用。
45soil conditioner
土壤调节剂
讲解conditioner 指“调节剂、护发素等”，soil conditioner 即“土壤改良剂、土壤调节剂”
搭配apply a soil conditioner / chemical conditioner / soil fertility
近义soil amendment / soil improver
派生condition (v.) 调节；conditioner (n.) 调节剂
Farmers applied a soil conditioner to improve the poor quality of the degraded land.
农民施用了土壤调节剂，以改善退化土地的贫瘠质量。
46trigger the surge of dopamine
触发多巴胺的激增
讲解trigger 意为“触发、引发”，surge 指“激增”，dopamine 为“多巴胺”，常见于心理学与科技话题
搭配trigger a surge / a surge of dopamine / release dopamine
近义provoke a spike of dopamine / stimulate dopamine release
派生trigger (v./n.) 触发；surge (v./n.) 激增
Scrolling through social media can trigger the surge of dopamine that keeps users hooked for hours.
刷社交媒体会触发多巴胺的激增，让用户上瘾数小时。
47toughened glass
钢化玻璃
讲解toughened glass 即“钢化玻璃”，经热处理增强强度，破碎时成小颗粒而非尖片
搭配toughened glass / laminated glass / safety glass
近义tempered glass / reinforced glass
派生toughen (v.) 使变坚韧；tough (adj.) 坚韧的
Modern skyscrapers are usually fitted with toughened glass to withstand strong winds and impacts.
现代摩天大楼通常安装钢化玻璃，以抵御强风和撞击。
48alien planet
外星球
讲解alien 作形容词指“外星的、陌生的”，alien planet 即“外星球、外星行星”
搭配alien planet / alien life / alien species
近义extraterrestrial planet / exoplanet
派生alien (n.) 外星人；alienation (n.) 疏远
Scientists are searching for signs of life on alien planets beyond our solar system.
科学家正在寻找太阳系之外外星球上存在生命的迹象。
49nifty portable
方便携带
讲解nifty 是口语化的褒义词，指“小巧巧妙的”，portable 强调“便携的”，合起来形容轻便好用的小物件。
搭配nifty gadget, nifty portable device, compact and portable
近义handy, compact, convenient
反义bulky, cumbersome
派生portability（便携性）
This nifty portable speaker fits in your pocket and still delivers surprisingly rich sound.
这款小巧便携的扬声器能放进你的口袋，却依然能发出令人惊讶的饱满音质。
50dress down (
与平时比较)穿着随便
讲解dress down 指比平日或正式场合穿得更随意，常与 on Fridays、for the occasion 等搭配。
搭配dress down for work, dress-down Friday, dress down casually
近义dress casually, wear casual clothes
反义dress up, smarten up
派生dress-down（形容词，如 dress-down day）
Many companies now let employees dress down on Fridays to create a more relaxed atmosphere.
如今许多公司允许员工在周五穿着随便，以营造更轻松的氛围。
51cast member
全体演员
讲解cast member 指剧组或演出团体中的一名演员；表示“全体演员”时常用 the cast 或 cast members 复数。
搭配a cast member of, leading cast member, full cast
近义actor, performer, player
派生cast（全体演员；v. 选派角色）
The entire cast member team gathered backstage to celebrate the success of the opening night.
全体演员在后台聚集，庆祝首演之夜的成功。
52solar system
太阳系
讲解solar system 指以太阳为中心、受其引力束缚的天体系统，专指我们所在的这一个时通常加 the。
搭配the solar system, within the solar system, explore the solar system
近义planetary system
派生solar（太阳的）, interstellar（星际的）
Scientists continue to discover new planets beyond the edge of our solar system.
科学家们不断在我们太阳系边缘之外发现新的行星。
53religious chant
圣歌
讲解religious chant 指宗教仪式中反复吟唱的圣歌或诵经，chant 可作名词也可作动词。
搭配perform a religious chant, recite a chant, ritual chant
近义hymn, psalm, mantra
派生chanting（吟唱）, chanter（吟唱者）
The monks began their morning religious chant as the sun rose over the ancient temple.
当太阳从古庙上方升起时，僧侣们开始了他们清晨的圣歌吟唱。
54specialist predator
专门捕食者
讲解specialist predator 指专门捕食某类猎物的动物，与 generalist predator（泛食性捕食者）相对。
搭配a specialist predator of, apex predator, natural predator
近义specialized hunter, selective feeder
反义generalist predator, omnivore
派生specialize（专门化）, specialization（专门化）
The snow leopard is a specialist predator adapted to hunting in steep mountain terrain.
雪豹是一种专门捕食者，适应在陡峭的山地地形中捕猎。
55infant mortality
婴儿死亡率
讲解不可数名词短语，常与 reduce/lower/high 连用，是雅思写作健康类高频数据表达
搭配infant mortality rate, reduce infant mortality, high infant mortality
近义death rate of babies, baby death rate
反义adult survival
Improved sanitation has sharply reduced infant mortality in many developing countries.
卫生条件的改善大幅降低了许多发展中国家的婴儿死亡率。
56art appreciation
艺术欣赏
讲解不可数名词短语，指对艺术的鉴赏力，常作 develop/cultivate 的宾语
搭配develop art appreciation, a course in art appreciation, art appreciation class
近义artistic taste, aesthetic appreciation
派生appreciate (v.), appreciative (adj.)
Visiting galleries helps students develop art appreciation beyond the classroom.
参观美术馆有助于学生在课堂之外培养艺术欣赏能力。
57woolly mammoth
长毛猛犸象
讲解可数名词短语，指已灭绝的史前象类，雅思阅读自然历史类常见
搭配extinct woolly mammoth, frozen woolly mammoth, woolly mammoth remains
派生mammoth (adj.) 巨大的
The woolly mammoth died out thousands of years after the last ice age.
长毛猛犸象在最后一次冰期结束数千年后灭绝了。
58lorry loading restrictions
货车装载限制
讲解可数名词短语，多用于交通管理语境，常与 impose/introduce/lift 连用
搭配impose restrictions, lift restrictions, traffic restrictions
近义loading regulations, loading rules
The council imposed lorry loading restrictions to ease congestion in the old town.
市政会实施了货车装载限制，以缓解老城区的拥堵。
59synthetic material
合成材料
讲解可数或不可数名词短语，指人造材料，常与 make from/be made of 连用
搭配synthetic materials, man-made material, durable synthetic material
近义artificial material, man-made fabric
反义natural material
Most sports shoes are made from synthetic material rather than genuine leather.
大多数运动鞋由合成材料而非真皮制成。
60company logo
公司标志
讲解可数名词短语，指企业标识，常与 design/redesign/display 连用
搭配design a logo, company branding, display the logo
近义brand mark, emblem
派生logo design (n.)
The company redesigned its logo to appeal to younger customers.
该公司重新设计了标志，以吸引更年轻的顾客。