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1cure ailments
治愈疾病
讲解cure 强调彻底治愈，宾语多为疾病、病人；ailment 指不严重的小病
搭配cure a disease / cure sb of sth / a minor ailment
近义heal / remedy / treat
反义aggravate / worsen
派生cure-all（万灵药）
Traditional herbal remedies were once believed to cure ailments ranging from headaches to fever.
传统草药疗法曾被认为能治愈从头痛到发烧的各种疾病。
2neurological disease
神经性疾病
讲解neurological 由 neuro-（神经）+ -logical 构成，多修饰 disease/disorder/damage
搭配neurological disorder / neurological damage / a neurological condition
近义nervous disorder / brain disease
派生neurology（神经学）/ neurologist（神经科医生）
Researchers are investigating how sleep deprivation may trigger neurological disease in later life.
研究人员正在调查睡眠不足如何在晚年引发神经性疾病。
3dilapidated equipment
破旧的设备
讲解dilapidated 指建筑物或设备年久失修、破败不堪，语气较强
搭配a dilapidated building / fall into disrepair
近义run-down / ramshackle / decrepit
反义well-maintained / brand-new
派生dilapidation（破败，失修）
Students complained that the dilapidated equipment in the laboratory often broke down.
学生们抱怨实验室里破旧的设备经常出故障。
4neuroimaging equipment
神经成像设备
讲解neuroimaging 指用扫描技术观察大脑结构与功能，如 fMRI、PET
搭配advanced neuroimaging equipment / neuroimaging techniques
近义brain scanning / brain imaging
派生neuroimage（神经影像）
The hospital invested heavily in neuroimaging equipment to diagnose brain injuries more accurately.
这家医院投入巨资购置神经成像设备，以便更准确地诊断脑损伤。
5cash payment
现金支付
讲解cash payment 为可数名词，常用 make a cash payment；与电子支付对比时常考
搭配make a cash payment / accept cash payments / in cash
近义payment in cash / cash transaction
反义digital payment / card payment
Some small shops still prefer cash payment because it avoids transaction fees.
一些小店仍偏爱现金支付，因为这样可以避免交易手续费。
6short-term leases
短期租赁
讲解lease 指不动产或设备的租赁合同，比 rent 更正式；short-term 常作定语
搭配sign a lease / a two-year lease / lease a property
近义rental agreement / tenancy
反义long-term lease
派生lessee（承租人）/ lessor（出租人）
Many young professionals opt for short-term leases when they move to a new city.
许多年轻职场人士搬到新城市时会选择短期租赁。
7billing increment
营业额增量
讲解billing 此处指营业额/开票额，increment 指增量，合起来表示营收或计费额的增长部分
搭配billing increment growth, a steady billing increment, measure the billing increment
近义revenue growth, sales increase, turnover gain
反义billing decline, revenue drop
The company's billing increment rose sharply after it launched the new subscription plan.
推出新订阅方案后，该公司的营业额增量大幅上升。
8soil fertility
土壤天然肥力
soil fertility 指土壤天然肥力，常用于农业、生态类话题，fertility 不可数
搭配maintain soil fertility, improve soil fertility, loss of soil fertility
近义soil richness, land productivity
反义soil infertility, soil degradation
派生fertile (adj.), fertilize (v.), fertilizer (n.)
Years of intensive farming have seriously reduced the soil fertility in this region.
多年的集约化耕作严重降低了该地区的土壤肥力。
9electric mixer
电动搅拌机
electric mixer 指电动搅拌机，厨房烘焙场景常用，注意用 electric 而非 electrical
搭配a handheld electric mixer, use an electric mixer, an electric mixer bowl
近义blender, food processor
派生mix (v.), mixture (n.), mixing (n.)
She poured the flour and eggs into an electric mixer and beat them for two minutes.
她把面粉和鸡蛋倒进电动搅拌机，搅拌了两分钟。
10joint account
联名账户
joint account 指联名账户，由两人或多人共同持有，常见于银行、理财语境
搭配open a joint account, a joint bank account, share a joint account
近义shared account, co-owned account
反义individual account, personal account
My partner and I opened a joint account to pay our shared household bills.
我和伴侣开了一个联名账户来支付共同的家庭账单。
11migration route
迁徙路线
migration route 指迁徙路线，常用于动物、鸟类及人类迁徙话题
搭配follow a migration route, a seasonal migration route, change the migration route
近义migratory path, flight path
派生migrate (v.), migratory (adj.), migrant (n.)
Scientists tracked the birds' migration route using tiny satellite transmitters.
科学家用微型卫星发射器追踪这些鸟的迁徙路线。
12formal language
正式语言
formal language 指正式语言，雅思写作尤其强调正式语体，避免口语化用词
搭配use formal language, adopt formal language, formal language style
近义official language, standard language
反义informal language, colloquial language
In academic writing, formal language should be used instead of casual expressions.
在学术写作中，应使用正式语言而非随意表达。
13inconsistent with
与…不一致；与…相矛盾
讲解后接名词或动名词，常指言行、数据、理论与事实之间的不符
搭配be inconsistent with, remain inconsistent with, inconsistent with the evidence
近义incompatible with, at odds with, contradictory to
反义consistent with, in line with
派生inconsistency n. 不一致
His casual attitude towards safety is inconsistent with the strict rules of the laboratory.
他对安全的随意态度与实验室的严格规定不一致。
14artificial light
人造光
讲解与 natural light 相对，常用于健康、环境、建筑类话题
搭配under artificial light, artificial light sources, exposure to artificial light
近义man-made light, synthetic lighting
反义natural light, daylight
派生artificial adj. 人造的
Many city dwellers spend most of their waking hours under artificial light.
许多城市居民醒着的大部分时间都待在人造光下。
15come to life
苏醒过来；变得活跃
讲解既可指人苏醒，也可指场景变得热闹、生动，写作中常用于描写
搭配come to life again, bring sth to life, the party came to life
近义spring to life, liven up, revive
反义die down, fade away
The deserted market suddenly came to life when the night vendors arrived.
当夜市摊贩到来时，空旷的市场突然活跃起来。
16persist in
坚持
讲解后接名词或动名词，常含贬义，指不顾劝阻地坚持做某事
搭配persist in doing sth, persist in one's efforts, persist in the belief
近义keep on, insist on, stick to
反义give up, abandon
派生persistence n. 坚持；persistent adj. 执着的
Some students persist in using their phones despite repeated warnings from teachers.
尽管老师反复警告，一些学生仍坚持使用手机。
17training facility
训练设施
讲解常用于体育、教育、职业培训类话题，facility 多用复数 facilities
搭配sports training facility, build a training facility, state-of-the-art training facility
近义training centre, practice ground
派生facilitate v. 促进
The new training facility offers athletes access to modern equipment all year round.
新的训练设施让运动员全年都能使用现代化设备。
18specialised training session
专业培训课程
讲解指针对特定技能或岗位的集中培训，写作中可替换 training course
搭配attend a training session, run a specialised session, a one-day training session
近义training workshop, specialised course
派生specialise v. 专门从事；specialised adj. 专业的
All new employees must attend a specialised training session before starting work.
所有新员工在开始工作前都必须参加一次专业培训课程。
19tunnel construction
隧道施工
讲解不可数名词短语，常与 project/delay/engineer 等搭配，多用于基建类阅读与写作话题
搭配tunnel construction project, tunnel construction site, tunnel construction work
近义tunnel building, tunnel excavation
派生tunnel construction worker
The tunnel construction project was delayed by unexpected geological problems.
该隧道施工项目因意外的地质问题而延误。
20compelling evidence
令人信服的证据
讲解常用于学术写作，后接 that 从句或 for 短语，表示证据足以支持某结论
搭配compelling evidence for, compelling evidence that, provide compelling evidence
近义convincing evidence, strong evidence, persuasive evidence
反义weak evidence, flimsy evidence
Researchers have gathered compelling evidence that regular exercise improves mental health.
研究人员已收集到令人信服的证据，表明规律锻炼能改善心理健康。
21binary unit
二进制单位
讲解计算机与科技类话题常见，binary 意为“二进制的”，unit 指计量或存储单位
搭配binary unit of information, smallest binary unit
近义binary digit, bit
派生binary code, binary system
A bit is the smallest binary unit used to store information in computers.
比特是计算机中用于存储信息的最小二进制单位。
22get stuck in
陷入，卡住
讲解口语常用，表示陷入困境难以脱身；也可表示“开始认真做某事”，需看语境
搭配get stuck in a rut, get stuck in traffic, get stuck in the middle
近义be trapped in, be bogged down in
反义break free from, get out of
Many graduates get stuck in low-paid jobs because they lack practical skills.
许多毕业生因缺乏实用技能而陷入低薪工作。
23astronomical event
天文事件
讲解天文与科学类阅读高频，astronomical 也可引申为“极其巨大的”，如 astronomical costs
搭配rare astronomical event, observe an astronomical event
近义celestial event, cosmic phenomenon
派生astronomy, astronomer, astronomical
The supernova was the most spectacular astronomical event observed that year.
那颗超新星是当年观测到的最壮观的天文事件。
24control group
对照组
讲解实验研究类文章核心术语，与 experimental group（实验组）相对，常考对比逻辑
搭配control group and experimental group, assign to the control group
近义comparison group, baseline group
派生controlled experiment, control variable
The control group received a placebo while the other patients took the new drug.
对照组服用了安慰剂，而另一组患者则服用了新药。
25pick up
接收到(信号或声音)
讲解此处 pick up 指接收信号、声音或电波，宾语常为 signal、sound、frequency 等。
搭配pick up a signal, pick up speed, pick up the phone
近义receive, detect, capture
反义lose, miss
The old radio can still pick up signals from stations hundreds of miles away.
这台旧收音机仍能接收到数百英里外电台的信号。
26genetic diversity
基因多样性
讲解生物类高频搭配，指物种内基因的差异程度，常与 protect、maintain、reduce 连用。
搭配maintain genetic diversity, loss of genetic diversity, genetic diversity of crops
近义biological variety, gene pool variation
反义genetic uniformity, monoculture
派生genetically diverse
Protecting genetic diversity is essential for the long-term survival of endangered species.
保护基因多样性对濒危物种的长期生存至关重要。
27be composed of
由…组成
讲解正式表达，多用于说明整体由哪些部分构成，比 be made up of 更书面。
搭配be composed of several parts, be composed mainly of, be composed entirely of
近义consist of, be made up of, comprise
反义exclude
The human body is composed of billions of cells working together in complex systems.
人体由数十亿个细胞组成，它们在复杂的系统中协同运作。
28show up
到场
讲解口语常用，指出现在某场合；也引申为「出现、显现」，可与 turn up 互换。
搭配show up on time, show up for class, fail to show up
近义turn up, appear, attend
反义be absent, miss
Only half of the invited guests showed up at the charity dinner last night.
昨晚只有一半受邀嘉宾出席了慈善晚宴。
29rural setting
乡村环境
讲解用于描述地点氛围，常与 grow up in、live in、prefer 等搭配，写作中可替换 countryside。
搭配in a rural setting, a peaceful rural setting, urban and rural settings
近义countryside, rural area, pastoral environment
反义urban setting, city centre
Growing up in a rural setting gave her a deep appreciation for nature and quiet.
在乡村环境中长大，使她对自然与宁静怀有深深的欣赏。
30gross domestic product (GDP)
国内生产总值
讲解经济类核心术语，缩写 GDP 更常用；搭配 grow、decline、account for 等。
搭配GDP growth, per capita GDP, boost GDP
近义national output, economic output
反义GDP contraction
The country's gross domestic product grew by only two percent during the last quarter.
该国国内生产总值在上个季度仅增长了百分之二。
31family commitments
家庭事务
讲解常用复数 family commitments，指需要投入时间精力的家庭责任，多用于工作与生活平衡话题
搭配family commitments, work commitments, balance family commitments
近义family responsibilities, family obligations
反义personal freedom, work commitments
Many employees find it hard to balance family commitments with the demands of a full-time job.
许多员工发现很难在家庭事务和全职工作的要求之间取得平衡。
32art gallery
画廊，美术馆
讲解可数名词，参观用 visit/go to an art gallery，注意与 museum（博物馆）区分
搭配visit an art gallery, a local art gallery, art gallery exhibition
近义museum, exhibition hall
派生gallery（画廊，可单独使用）
We spent the whole afternoon wandering through the city's largest art gallery.
我们花了一整个下午在这座城市最大的美术馆里闲逛。
33at full scale
全方位的
讲解多指按真实尺寸或全面规模进行，常与 test, produce, replicate 等动词连用
搭配at full scale, full-scale model, full-scale production
近义on a full scale, life-size
反义on a small scale
The engineers tested the new bridge at full scale before it was built on site.
工程师们在现场建造之前对这座新桥进行了全尺寸测试。
34detect light
探测光线
讲解detect 为及物动词，强调发现不易察觉的事物，科技类阅读高频
搭配detect light, detect signals, detect changes
近义sense, pick up, identify
派生detection（探测，名词）, detector（探测器）
These tiny sensors can detect light so faint that human eyes cannot see it.
这些微小的传感器能探测到人眼无法看到的极其微弱的光线。
35space exploration
太空探索
讲解不可数名词短语，写作中常作科技话题主语，搭配 invest in, advance, fund
搭配space exploration programme, invest in space exploration
近义space research, space travel
派生explore（探索，动词）, explorer（探索者）
Governments are investing heavily in space exploration to gain scientific and economic advantages.
各国政府正大力投资太空探索，以获取科学和经济优势。
36universal ability
普遍能力
讲解用于描述人类共有的特质，常与 share, possess 连用，学术写作中偏抽象
搭配a universal ability, possess a universal ability, share a universal ability
近义a common ability, an innate ability
反义a unique ability
Some linguists argue that the ability to learn language is a universal ability shared by all humans.
一些语言学家认为，学习语言的能力是全人类共有的普遍能力。
37meet up with
与…见面
讲解口语常用，指非正式约见；比 meet 更强调事先约定、特意碰面
搭配meet up with friends / meet up with sb later / arrange to meet up with
近义get together with / catch up with / see
派生meeting (n.) 会议；meet-up (n.) 聚会
Let's meet up with the research team before the conference starts tomorrow.
我们明天会议开始前和研究团队见个面吧。
38ethylene glycol
乙二醇
讲解化学术语，雅思阅读科技类文章常见；不可数名词，前不加冠词
搭配ethylene glycol solution / ethylene glycol poisoning / use ethylene glycol
近义glycol / antifreeze agent
派生glycol (n.) 二醇类化合物
Ethylene glycol is widely used as an antifreeze in car cooling systems.
乙二醇被广泛用作汽车冷却系统中的防冻剂。
39genetic rescue
基因拯救
讲解生态保护术语，指引入外来基因以提升濒危种群遗传多样性
搭配genetic rescue programme / carry out genetic rescue / genetic rescue efforts
近义genetic intervention / gene flow introduction
反义genetic drift 遗传漂变
Scientists applied genetic rescue to save the isolated population from extinction.
科学家运用基因拯救手段，使这一孤立种群免于灭绝。
40dispositional criteria
倾向性的标准
讲解学术表达，指基于内在性格倾向而非情境的评判标准，多用于心理学写作
搭配apply dispositional criteria / dispositional criteria for judging
近义personality-based standards / trait-based measures
反义situational criteria 情境性标准
派生disposition (n.) 性情；dispositional (adj.) 倾向性的
Researchers questioned whether dispositional criteria can truly predict human behaviour.
研究者质疑倾向性标准是否真能预测人类行为。
41capital investment
资本投入
讲解经济类高频搭配，指用于购置长期资产而非日常运营的资金投入
搭配attract capital investment / foreign capital investment / a lack of capital investment
近义capital expenditure / investment in fixed assets
反义operating cost 运营成本
派生invest (v.) 投资；investor (n.) 投资者
Governments should increase capital investment in renewable energy infrastructure.
政府应加大对可再生能源基础设施的资本投入。
42magic formula
神奇的公式
讲解多用于否定句，强调某事没有简单速成的办法
搭配there is no magic formula / a magic formula for success / seek a magic formula
近义a quick fix / a silver bullet / an easy solution
There is no magic formula for learning a language; steady practice is what counts.
学语言没有神奇公式，持之以恒的练习才是关键。
43steep rocky slope
陡峭的岩石斜坡
讲解slope 指自然形成的斜坡，常与 steep/gentle 搭配；rocky 强调地表多岩石，常用于地理描述。
搭配steep slope, rocky slope, climb a slope, on a slope
近义steep incline, craggy hillside
反义gentle slope, flat terrain
The hikers struggled to climb the steep rocky slope before the storm arrived.
徒步者在暴风雨来临前艰难地攀爬陡峭的岩石斜坡。
44modern ecology
现代生态学
讲解ecology 是研究生物与环境关系的学科；modern ecology 常用于学术写作，强调当代研究视角。
搭配study ecology, ecological balance, modern ecology research
近义contemporary environmental science
派生ecological, ecologist, ecosystem
Modern ecology emphasizes the delicate balance between human activity and natural ecosystems.
现代生态学强调人类活动与自然生态系统之间的微妙平衡。
45agricultural vehicle
农用车辆
讲解agricultural 是 agriculture 的形容词形式，指与农业相关的；vehicle 泛指各类交通工具。
搭配agricultural machinery, agricultural land, farm vehicle
近义farming vehicle, farm machinery
派生agriculture, agriculturist, agriculturalist
Agricultural vehicles are not permitted on this narrow country road during peak hours.
高峰时段农用车辆不允许在这条狭窄的乡村道路上行驶。
46the rate of photosynthesis
光合作用的速率
讲解rate 表示速率、比率，常与 of 连用说明具体对象；photosynthesis 是生物学核心词汇。
搭配at a rate of, increase the rate, measure the rate
近义speed of photosynthesis, photosynthetic rate
派生photosynthetic, photosynthesize
Scientists found that the rate of photosynthesis decreases significantly in low-light conditions.
科学家发现，在低光照条件下光合作用的速率显著下降。
47prevailing weather conditions
主要天气条件
讲解prevailing 意为占主导地位的、盛行的，常用于描述气候、风向或社会趋势。
搭配prevailing wind, prevailing conditions, prevailing trend
近义dominant weather, predominant conditions
反义exceptional conditions, abnormal weather
The prevailing weather conditions in this region make it ideal for growing grapes.
该地区的主要天气条件使其非常适合种植葡萄。
48comply with
遵守
讲解comply with 是正式用语，后接规则、法律、要求等，不能省略 with；常用于学术和法律语境。
搭配comply with regulations, comply with standards, fully comply
近义adhere to, conform to, abide by
反义violate, breach, disregard
派生compliance, compliant, non-compliance
All international students must comply with the university's visa and registration requirements.
所有国际学生必须遵守大学的签证和注册要求。
49in vogue
正在流行
讲解表示某事物一时流行，多作表语或后置定语，语气比 popular 更强调时尚潮流
记忆联想 vogue 杂志名《时尚》，即引领潮流之物
搭配come into vogue, be in vogue, in vogue among
近义fashionable, trendy, popular
反义out of fashion, outdated
派生voguish (时髦的)
Short video clips are in vogue among teenagers, shaping how they consume information daily.
短视频在青少年中正流行，塑造着他们每天获取信息的方式。
50parent organisation
母公司
讲解指拥有或控制子公司的上级公司，商业语境常用，英式拼写 organisation
记忆parent 父母 + organisation 组织，即“管着子公司的母公司”
搭配parent company, parent firm, subsidiary of
近义parent company, holding company
派生subsidiary (子公司)
The parent organisation decided to close three overseas branches to cut costs.
母公司决定关闭三家海外分公司以削减成本。
51job aptitude
工作能力
讲解指胜任某项工作的天赋与能力，aptitude 强调先天潜质，常与 for 连用
记忆apt 适合的 + itude 名词后缀，即“适合做事的资质”
搭配aptitude test, aptitude for, natural aptitude
近义capability, competence, talent
反义ineptitude (无能)
派生apt (恰当的), aptitude test (能力测试)
Employers often test job aptitude before offering candidates a permanent position.
雇主常在给应聘者正式职位前测试其工作能力。
52rule out
排除；使…成为不可能
讲解排除可能性或使某事不可能，后接名词或 that 从句，写作中常用于论证
记忆rule 裁定 + out 出局，像裁判把某选项判出局
搭配rule out the possibility, rule out a suspect, rule out entirely
近义exclude, eliminate, dismiss
反义include, consider
派生ruling (裁决)
The police have not ruled out the possibility that the fire was started deliberately.
警方尚未排除这场火灾系人为纵火的可能。
53repair ecosystems
修复生态系统
讲解环境类高频搭配，repair 后接具体受损对象，可与 restore 互换使用
记忆repair 修理 + ecosystem 生态系统，如修补自然的“机器”
搭配repair damage, restore ecosystems, protect ecosystems
近义restore, rehabilitate, mend
反义destroy, damage
派生ecosystem (生态系统), restoration (恢复)
Governments should invest heavily to repair ecosystems damaged by decades of industrial pollution.
政府应大力投资，修复被数十年工业污染破坏的生态系统。
54unforeseen event
不可预知事件
讲解指无法提前预料的事件，unforeseen 作定语，多用于风险与应急话题
记忆un 不 + fore 预先 + seen 看见，即“没预先看到的”
搭配unforeseen circumstances, unforeseen event, due to unforeseen events
近义unexpected, unpredictable, unanticipated
反义foreseeable, anticipated
派生foresee (预见), foreseeable (可预见的)
Firms must build flexible plans to cope with unforeseen events such as sudden market crashes.
企业必须制定灵活的计划，以应对市场暴跌等不可预知事件。
55conference room
会议室
用 指公司、酒店等供开会使用的房间，雅思听力场景（租房、会议安排）高频出现。
搭配book a conference room, reserve a conference room, a fully equipped conference room
近义meeting room, boardroom
派生conference call（电话会议）
The manager booked the conference room for three hours to present the annual sales report.
经理预订了会议室三个小时来展示年度销售报告。
56rapid eye movement
快速眼动
用 指睡眠中眼球快速转动的阶段，常缩写为 REM，雅思阅读关于睡眠、大脑话题常见。
搭配rapid eye movement sleep, during rapid eye movement, REM stage
近义REM sleep, dreaming sleep
派生REM（缩写）
Scientists found that rapid eye movement sleep plays a key role in memory consolidation.
科学家发现快速眼动睡眠在记忆巩固中起关键作用。
57earthenware tile
陶砖
用 earthenware 指陶器（低温烧制），tile 指砖、瓦；合起来指陶制砖瓦，多用于建筑、考古类阅读。
搭配clay tile, ceramic tile, roof tile
近义clay tile, terracotta tile
派生earthenware（陶器）, tile（瓷砖）
The ancient building was decorated with earthenware tiles that had lasted for centuries.
这座古建筑装饰着历经数百年仍保存完好的陶砖。
58nestling site
筑巢地点
用 nestling 指尚未离巢的雏鸟，nestling site 即雏鸟筑巢、被抚育的地点，雅思阅读生态类话题常见。
搭配nesting site, breeding site, nesting ground
近义nesting site, breeding ground
派生nest（巢）, nestling（雏鸟）
Researchers marked the nestling site to monitor the birds' breeding success over the season.
研究人员标记了筑巢地点，以监测这些鸟在整个繁殖季的繁殖成功率。
59first aid
急救
用 指对伤病者的初步紧急救护，雅思听力、写作（安全、健康话题）中常出现。
搭配first aid kit, first aid course, administer first aid
近义emergency treatment, medical assistance
派生first-aider（急救员）
All staff must complete a first aid course before they can work on the construction site.
所有员工在进入建筑工地工作前都必须完成急救课程。
60extroverted behaviour
外向的行为
用 extroverted 指性格外向的，behaviour 指行为；合起来描述外向性格表现出的行为，雅思写作心理学、教育话题可用。
搭配extroverted personality, extroverted child, display extroverted behaviour
近义outgoing behaviour, sociable conduct
反义introverted behaviour, shy behaviour
派生extrovert（外向的人）, extroversion（外向性）
Teachers observed that extroverted behaviour in class often correlated with better oral participation.
教师观察到课堂上外向的行为往往与更好的口语参与度相关。