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1conceive of
设想
讲解conceive of 意为“设想、想象”，常与 hard/easy/impossible 连用，后接名词或动名词。
搭配conceive of a plan, conceive of an idea, hard to conceive of
近义imagine, envisage, picture
派生conceivable, inconceivable, conception
It is hard to conceive of a world without the internet.
很难设想一个没有互联网的世界。
2interesting mollusk
有趣的软体动物
讲解mollusk 指软体动物，如蜗牛、蛤蜊、章鱼；interesting 在此表示“引人研究的、奇特的”。
搭配marine mollusk, shelled mollusk, mollusk species
近义shellfish, invertebrate
派生molluscan, mollusks
The biologist discovered an interesting mollusk near the coral reef.
这位生物学家在珊瑚礁附近发现了一种有趣的软体动物。
3cut down
删减
讲解cut down 在此表示“删减、缩短”，常与 on 连用表示减少数量；也可指砍倒树木。
搭配cut down on sugar, cut down expenses, cut down a tree
近义reduce, trim, shorten
反义increase, expand
派生cutback
The editor had to cut down the article to fit the word limit.
编辑不得不删减这篇文章以符合字数限制。
4symphony orchestra
交响乐队
讲解symphony orchestra 指演奏交响乐的大型管弦乐团，symphony 为“交响乐”，orchestra 为“管弦乐队”。
搭配a full symphony orchestra, conduct a symphony orchestra, join a symphony orchestra
近义philharmonic orchestra, chamber orchestra
派生orchestral, orchestrate
The symphony orchestra performed brilliantly in the grand concert hall.
交响乐队在宏伟的音乐厅里演奏得非常出色。
5therapeutic compounds
治疗型化合物
讲解therapeutic 意为“治疗的、有疗效的”，compound 指化合物；该短语常见于医学与药学语境。
搭配therapeutic effect, chemical compound, therapeutic compounds
近义medicinal substances, healing agents
派生therapy, therapist, therapeutic
Scientists are studying therapeutic compounds found in certain tropical plants.
科学家正在研究某些热带植物中发现的有疗效的化合物。
6simulate outcomes
模拟结果
讲解simulate 意为“模拟”，outcome 意为“结果”；该短语常用于科研、经济预测等语境。
搭配simulate conditions, simulate a situation, predict outcomes
近义model results, replicate outcomes
派生simulation, simulator, simulated
Researchers use computer models to simulate outcomes of climate change.
研究人员使用计算机模型来模拟气候变化的结果。
7retain competent employees
留住高水平员工
讲解retain 意为「留住、保持」，比 keep 更正式，常与员工、客户、水分等搭配
搭配retain staff, retain talent, retain customers
近义keep, hold on to, maintain
反义lose, dismiss
派生retention n. 保留，维持
Companies that offer flexible hours and fair pay tend to retain competent employees.
提供弹性工作时间和公平薪酬的公司往往能留住高水平员工。
8general knowledge
常识
讲解general knowledge 指不限于某一专业的常识，常与 a good grasp of 连用
搭配a wealth of general knowledge, general knowledge quiz
近义common knowledge, general awareness
反义specialised knowledge
派生generally adv. 通常，generally speaking 一般来说
A solid grasp of general knowledge helps students connect new ideas across subjects.
扎实的常识基础有助于学生把不同学科的新想法联系起来。
9celebrated design
著名的设计
讲解celebrated 意为「著名的、广受赞誉的」，比 famous 更书面，常修饰作品、人物
搭配a celebrated author, a celebrated work, widely celebrated
近义renowned, acclaimed, famed
反义obscure, unknown
The museum is famous for its celebrated design by a Japanese architect.
这家博物馆因其由一位日本建筑师设计的著名设计而闻名。
10architectural blueprint
建筑蓝图
讲解blueprint 本义是蓝图，引申为「规划方案」，常与 draw up, follow 搭配
搭配draw up a blueprint, a blueprint for reform
近义plan, design, scheme
派生architect n. 建筑师，architecture n. 建筑学
Before construction began, the engineers studied the architectural blueprint in detail.
施工开始前，工程师们仔细研究了建筑蓝图。
11be intended for
为…打算(或设计)的
讲解be intended for 表示「专为…而设」，后接名词或动名词，注意与 be intended to do 区分
搭配be intended for beginners, be intended as a warning
近义be designed for, be meant for
派生intention n. 意图，intend v. 打算
This scholarship is intended for students from low-income families.
这项奖学金是为来自低收入家庭的学生设立的。
12rove across the ocean
横渡大洋
讲解rove 意为「漫游、漂泊」，含无固定方向地游荡之意，文学色彩较强
搭配rove the world, rove freely, rove about
近义wander, roam, drift
派生rover n. 漫游者，流浪者
Early explorers had to rove across the ocean for months without seeing land.
早期的探险者不得不横渡大洋数月而见不到陆地。
13flush away
冲洗掉，冲洗去
讲解动词短语，指用水流把某物冲走，常用于清洁、排水、管道等语境，宾语可放中间或后面
搭配flush away waste / flush away dirt / flush sth away
近义wash away / rinse away / wash off
反义accumulate / deposit
Please flush away the remaining soap suds before you start rinsing the dishes.
在你开始冲洗盘子之前，请把残留的肥皂泡沫冲掉。
14fire quenching
火焰淬火(金属和玻璃的一种热处理工艺)
讲解专业术语，指用火焰对金属或玻璃表面迅速加热后急冷的热处理工艺，多见于材料、工程类文章
搭配fire quenching process / fire quenching treatment / undergo fire quenching
近义flame hardening / heat treatment
派生quench (v.) 淬火；quenching (n.) 淬火工艺
Fire quenching is widely used in the metal industry to harden steel quickly.
火焰淬火在金属工业中被广泛用于快速硬化钢材。
15abject failure
惨败
讲解abject 表示“极其糟糕的、可悲的”，常修饰 failure、poverty、misery，语气比 total failure 更重
搭配an abject failure / abject poverty / end in abject failure
近义complete failure / total disaster / fiasco
反义great success / triumph
派生abjectly (adv.) 悲惨地；abjection (n.) 悲惨境地
The new policy turned out to be an abject failure, leaving thousands without support.
这项新政策结果惨败，使数千人失去支持。
16box office
售票处；票房
讲解既可指影院售票处，也可指影片票房收入；作“票房”时常与 break、top、record 搭配
搭配box office hit / box office success / break box office records
近义ticket office / commercial performance
派生box-office (adj.) 票房的
The film broke box office records within its first week of release.
这部电影在上映第一周就打破了票房纪录。
17out of proportion to sth.
与某物不成比例
讲解表示某反应、程度与另一事物不相称，常含“过度”或“不合理”的批评意味，to 后接比较对象
搭配be out of proportion to sth / blow sth out of proportion
近义be disproportionate to / be excessive compared with
反义be in proportion to / be proportionate to
派生proportional (adj.) 成比例的；proportionately (adv.) 成比例地
Her angry reaction seemed completely out of proportion to the small mistake he made.
她的愤怒反应与他犯的小错误完全不成比例。
18minute crystal
微型晶体
讲解minute 此处读 /maɪˈnjuːt/，意为“极小的”，并非“分钟”；crystal 指晶体，常见于科学、材料类文本
搭配minute crystals / minute particles / form minute crystals
近义tiny crystal / microscopic crystal
反义large crystal / giant crystal
派生crystalline (adj.) 结晶的；crystallize (v.) 结晶
Scientists examined the minute crystals under a powerful microscope to study their structure.
科学家在强力显微镜下检查这些微型晶体以研究其结构。
19intellectual challenge
智力挑战
讲解intellectual challenge 指需要动脑思考、突破认知的挑战，写作中常用于论证留学、科研或课程价值。
搭配an intellectual challenge, face an intellectual challenge, pose an intellectual challenge
近义mental challenge, cognitive challenge
反义physical challenge, routine task
Studying abroad offers students an intellectual challenge that no textbook can replicate.
出国留学为学生提供了任何教科书都无法复制的智力挑战。
20state school
公立学校
讲解state school 指政府资助的公立学校，与 private school 相对，讨论教育公平时常用。
搭配attend a state school, go to a state school, state school education
近义public school (美), government school
反义private school, independent school
Most children in Britain attend a state school rather than a private one.
英国大多数孩子在公立学校而非私立学校就读。
21self-driving capability
自动驾驶功能
讲解self-driving capability 指车辆无需人工操作即可行驶的能力，科技类话题高频。
搭配develop self-driving capability, full self-driving capability, self-driving technology
近义autonomous driving capability, automated driving
派生self-driving car, driverless vehicle
Engineers are still improving the self-driving capability of electric vehicles.
工程师们仍在改进电动汽车的自动驾驶功能。
22commodity future market
商品期货市场
讲解commodity future market 指买卖大宗商品期货合约的市场，经济类阅读常见。
搭配enter the commodity future market, trade on the commodity future market
近义futures market, commodity derivatives market
派生commodity futures, futures trading
Investors closely watch the commodity future market for signs of price changes.
投资者密切关注商品期货市场以寻找价格变化的迹象。
23engrossed in
全神贯注
讲解be engrossed in 表示完全被某事吸引、心无旁骛，后接名词或动名词。
搭配be engrossed in a book, be engrossed in conversation, become engrossed in
近义be absorbed in, be immersed in, be wrapped up in
反义be distracted from
She was so engrossed in her research that she forgot to eat lunch.
她全神贯注于研究，以至于忘了吃午饭。
24job securities
工作保障
讲解job security 指工作的稳定性与不被裁员的可能性，注意常用不可数形式。
搭配value job security, provide job security, threaten job security
近义employment security, career stability
反义job insecurity, unemployment risk
Many workers value job security more than a slightly higher salary.
许多员工看重工作保障甚于略高的薪水。
25gravelly coastline
多砂砾的海岸线
讲解形容海岸、沙滩等由碎石构成的地貌，常用于旅游或地理描写
搭配gravelly beach, rocky coastline, rugged coast
近义pebbly shore, stony beach, rocky coast
反义sandy beach, smooth shoreline
派生gravel (n. 砂砾)
We walked along the gravelly coastline, listening to the waves crash against the stones.
我们沿着多砂砾的海岸线散步，听着海浪拍打石头的声音。
26temporary exhibition
临时展出
讲解指限时举办的展览，与 permanent exhibition（常设展）相对
搭配hold a temporary exhibition, a temporary exhibition of, visit an exhibition
近义short-term display, limited-time show
反义permanent exhibition, permanent collection
派生exhibit (v./n.), exhibitionist (n.)
The museum is hosting a temporary exhibition of ancient Egyptian artefacts until June.
博物馆正在举办一场古埃及文物的临时展览，持续到六月。
27seed-feeding weevil
吃种子的象鼻虫
讲解生物防治语境常用，指以种子为食的象鼻虫，用于控制杂草
搭配introduce a weevil, biological control, invasive species
近义seed-eating beetle, granivorous insect
派生weevil (n. 象鼻虫), seed-feeder (n.)
Scientists introduced a seed-feeding weevil to control the spread of the invasive plant.
科学家引入了一种吃种子的象鼻虫来控制这种入侵植物的蔓延。
28senior citizen
老年人
讲解礼貌称呼老年人，比 old people 更正式、更尊重
搭配senior citizen discount, care for senior citizens, a senior citizen centre
近义elderly person, older adult, pensioner
反义young person, youngster
派生seniority (n. 年长；资历)
Many senior citizens prefer to live independently rather than move into care homes.
许多老年人更愿意独立生活，而不是搬进养老院。
29state subsidies for agriculture
国家农业补贴
讲解经济与政策类话题高频表达，指政府对农业的财政补贴
搭配provide subsidies for, cut subsidies, agricultural subsidies
近义government funding, financial aid, farm support
反义subsidy cuts, free-market policy
派生subsidise (v. 补贴), subsidised (adj.)
The government has increased state subsidies for agriculture to support struggling farmers.
政府增加了国家农业补贴，以支持陷入困境的农民。
30cut back
减少；削减
讲解动词短语，指减少开支或数量，比 reduce 更口语化
搭配cut back on spending, cut back production, cut back sharply
近义reduce, scale down, trim
反义increase, expand, boost
派生cutback (n. 削减)
Governments should cut back on fossil fuel subsidies to tackle climate change.
政府应削减化石燃料补贴，以应对气候变化。
31plan a reception
筹备欢迎会
讲解动词 plan 后接名词，表示策划、筹备某场活动；reception 指正式的欢迎会或招待会。
搭配plan a reception for sb, hold a reception, a formal reception
近义organize a welcome party, arrange a gathering
派生receptionist n. 接待员
The committee spent weeks planning a reception for the visiting scholars.
委员会花了几周时间为来访学者筹备欢迎会。
32make a profit
获利；赚钱
讲解表示盈利，与 lose money 相对；profit 前常加 a，也可说 make profits。
搭配make a profit from/on sth, make a huge profit, turn a profit
近义earn money, gain financially
反义make a loss, lose money
派生profitable adj. 有利可图的
Small businesses can make a profit only if they control their costs carefully.
小企业只有严格控制成本才能获利。
33independent study
自学
讲解指学生自主安排的学习，不带教师直接指导，常见于教育类雅思写作与阅读。
搭配do independent study, encourage independent study, independent study skills
近义self-study, self-directed learning
反义teacher-led instruction, guided learning
Independent study helps students develop the skills they need at university.
自学帮助学生培养大学所需的技能。
34innovative culture
创新的文化
讲解指鼓励新想法、容忍失败的组织氛围，常用于商业与科技类写作。
搭配foster an innovative culture, build an innovative culture, a culture of innovation
近义a culture of creativity, an inventive environment
反义a rigid culture, a conservative culture
Companies with an innovative culture are more likely to adapt to rapid change.
拥有创新文化的公司更有可能适应快速变化。
35hand over
交给；移交
讲解表示把职责、权力或物品交给他人；宾语为代词时须放中间，如 hand it over。
搭配hand over sth to sb, hand over power, hand over control
近义pass on, transfer, relinquish
反义keep, retain, hold on to
The manager will hand over the project to her successor next Monday.
经理将于下周一把项目移交给她的继任者。
36deteriorate into
恶化
讲解表示局势变得更糟、演变成负面局面，后接名词，多用于描述冲突或危机。
搭配deteriorate into violence, deteriorate into chaos, deteriorate into a crisis
近义degenerate into, escalate into, turn into
反义improve, recover
The peaceful protest deteriorated into a violent clash within hours.
和平抗议在几小时内恶化为暴力冲突。
37turning point
转折点
讲解可数名词，常与 mark/reach/represent 搭配，指事物发生根本变化的时刻
搭配a turning point in history, mark a turning point, reach a turning point
近义milestone, watershed, critical moment
派生turn (v.) 转变
Winning that scholarship marked a turning point in her academic career.
获得那份奖学金标志着她学术生涯的转折点。
38virtual reality
虚拟现实
讲解不可数名词，缩写 VR；作定语时常写 virtual-reality headset 等
搭配virtual reality headset, immersive virtual reality, virtual reality technology
近义simulated reality, computer-generated environment
派生virtual (adj.) 虚拟的, virtually (adv.) 几乎
Virtual reality is increasingly used in medical training and architectural design.
虚拟现实正越来越多地应用于医学培训和建筑设计。
39media coverage
媒体报道
讲解不可数名词，常与 receive/get/attract 搭配，指新闻媒体对事件的报道
搭配extensive media coverage, attract media coverage, media coverage of the event
近义press coverage, news reporting
派生cover (v.) 报道, coverage (n.) 覆盖范围
The scandal received extensive media coverage for several weeks.
这起丑闻在数周内获得了大量媒体报道。
40annual revenue
年收益
讲解可数名词，指一年内的总收入，常与 rise/fall/generate 搭配
搭配generate annual revenue, annual revenue growth, a decline in annual revenue
近义yearly income, annual turnover
派生revenue (n.) 收入, annual (adj.) 每年的
The company's annual revenue rose by twelve percent last year.
该公司去年的年收益增长了百分之十二。
41cerebrospinal fluid
脑脊髓液
讲解不可数名词，医学术语，缩写 CSF，指脑室和脊髓周围的液体
搭配cerebrospinal fluid sample, analyze cerebrospinal fluid, cerebrospinal fluid pressure
近义spinal fluid, CSF
派生cerebral (adj.) 大脑的, spinal (adj.) 脊柱的
Doctors tested a sample of cerebrospinal fluid to detect the infection.
医生检测了一份脑脊髓液样本来查明感染。
42social hierarchies
社会阶层
讲解可数名词复数，指社会中的等级分层，常用 challenge/maintain 等动词
搭配rigid social hierarchies, challenge social hierarchies, social hierarchies based on wealth
近义social strata, class system
反义social equality, egalitarianism
派生hierarchy (n.) 等级制度, hierarchical (adj.) 分层的
Social hierarchies in ancient societies were often based on birth and wealth.
古代社会中的社会阶层往往基于出身和财富。
43orbital speed
轨道速度
讲解天文、航天类阅读高频，指物体沿轨道运行的速度，常与calculate/measure搭配。
搭配orbital speed of a satellite, maintain orbital speed, calculate orbital speed
近义orbital velocity, revolution speed
派生orbit (n./v. 轨道；环绕运行)
Scientists calculated the satellite's orbital speed to ensure it stays in the correct path.
科学家计算了卫星的轨道速度，以确保它保持在正确的轨道上。
44traffic regulation
交通规则
讲解常用复数traffic regulations，指官方制定的交通法规，写作中可替换traffic rules。
搭配strict traffic regulations, obey traffic regulations, violate traffic regulations
近义traffic rules, traffic laws
派生regulate (v. 管理，规定), regulation (n. 规章)
The government introduced stricter traffic regulations to reduce accidents in city centres.
政府出台了更严格的交通规则，以减少市中心的交通事故。
45national power supply grid
国家供电网
讲解能源与基础设施类话题高频，指覆盖全国范围的输电网络，常与reliable/expand搭配。
搭配reliable national power supply grid, expand the power grid, connect to the grid
近义national electricity network, power transmission system
派生grid (n. 电网，网格)
A reliable national power supply grid is essential for industrial development and daily life.
可靠的国家供电网对工业发展和日常生活至关重要。
46technology giant
科技巨头
讲解科技类写作高频，指大型科技公司，常与invest/dominate搭配，可数名词。
搭配technology giant like Google, global technology giant, rival technology giants
近义tech company, tech corporation
派生giant (adj. 巨大的；n. 巨头)
Many technology giants invest heavily in artificial intelligence to stay competitive.
许多科技巨头大力投资人工智能以保持竞争力。
47stick to
遵守，坚持
讲解表示坚持做某事或遵守规则，后接名词或动名词，不接不定式。
搭配stick to a plan, stick to the rules, stick to one's decision
近义adhere to, persist in
反义give up, abandon
派生stick (v. 粘贴；坚持)
Students should stick to a regular study schedule if they want to improve quickly.
如果学生想快速提高，就应该坚持规律的学习计划。
48social status
社会地位
讲解社会类话题常用，指个人在社会中的位置或等级，常与high/low搭配。
搭配high social status, achieve social status, symbol of social status
近义social standing, social position
派生status (n. 地位，状态)
In some cultures, owning a large house is seen as a symbol of social status.
在一些文化中，拥有大房子被视为社会地位的象征。
49bowling alley
保龄球场
讲解指专门的保龄球馆，口语中常与 go to / at the 连用
搭配bowling alley, bowling ball, go bowling
近义bowling centre, bowling lane
派生bowl（动词，打保龄球）, bowler（打保龄球的人）
We spent the whole afternoon at a bowling alley near the campus.
我们在校园附近的一家保龄球馆待了一整个下午。
50trace back to
追溯到…
讲解常用被动 be traced back to，后接时间或来源；主动形式 trace sth. back to
搭配be traced back to, trace its origins to, date back to
近义date back to, originate from, go back to
派生traceable（可追溯的）, traceability（可追溯性）
Many British customs can be traced back to ancient Roman traditions.
许多英国习俗可以追溯到古罗马传统。
51what makes sb. tick
使某人做…的原因
讲解口语化表达，指某人的行为动机或喜好，常与 understand / know 连用
搭配understand what makes sb. tick, know what makes sb. tick
近义what drives sb., what motivates sb.
派生tick（动词，运转；此处引申为起作用）
A good manager tries to understand what makes her employees tick.
一位优秀的管理者会努力了解员工做事的动因。
52secondary school
中学
讲解英式英语常用，美式多说 high school / middle school；可作定语
搭配go to secondary school, secondary education, a secondary school student
近义high school, middle school
反义primary school, elementary school
派生secondary（形容词，次要的；中等教育的）
In Britain, children usually move to secondary school at the age of eleven.
在英国，孩子通常十一岁升入中学。
53marital status
婚姻状况
讲解正式用语，多见于表格、问卷、官方文件；marital 只用于婚恋语境
搭配marital status, change one's marital status
近义marriage status
派生marital（形容词，婚姻的）, premarital（婚前的）, extramarital（婚外的）
Please state your name, age and marital status on the application form.
请在申请表上注明你的姓名、年龄和婚姻状况。
54Great Barrier Reef
大堡礁
讲解专有名词，指澳大利亚东北海岸的世界最大珊瑚礁群，首字母须大写
搭配the Great Barrier Reef, dive at the Great Barrier Reef, protect the Great Barrier Reef
近义the Reef（口语简称）
派生barrier（名词，屏障；此处指堡礁）, reef（名词，礁）
The Great Barrier Reef attracts thousands of divers from around the world every year.
大堡礁每年吸引来自世界各地的数千名潜水者。
55remote hinterland
偏远内陆
讲解指远离海岸或城市的偏僻内陆地区，常与 remote、vast 连用，写作中可替代 countryside
搭配remote hinterland, vast hinterland, the hinterland of
近义backcountry, interior, outback
反义coastal area, urban centre
Few tourists ever venture into the remote hinterland, where paved roads simply do not exist.
很少有游客会深入那片偏远内陆，那里根本没有铺好的公路。
56mustard plant
芥菜类植物
讲解可数名词，泛指芥菜属植物；其种子 mustard 不可数，指芥末调料
搭配grow mustard plants, wild mustard plant, mustard seeds
近义mustard greens, brassica
派生mustard（芥末）
Farmers here grow mustard plants both for their seeds and for green manure.
这里的农民种植芥菜类植物，既为了收种子，也用作绿肥。
57water crisis
水危机
讲解环境类高频搭配，常与 face、tackle、ease、deepen 等动词连用
搭配face a water crisis, ease the water crisis, a looming water crisis
近义water shortage, water scarcity
反义water abundance
Rapid urbanisation has deepened the water crisis in many developing countries.
快速城市化加剧了许多发展中国家的水危机。
58wicked witch
邪恶的女巫
讲解wicked 意为邪恶的、恶毒的，语气比 bad 强；witch 常与 wicked、old 搭配
搭配a wicked witch, an evil witch, fairy-tale witch
近义evil sorceress, hag
反义fairy godmother, good witch
In the fairy tale, a wicked witch turns the prince into a stone statue.
在这个童话里，一个邪恶的女巫把王子变成了一尊石像。
59scientific progress
科学的进步
讲解抽象不可数搭配，作主语时谓语用单数；常与 make、hinder、accelerate 连用
搭配make scientific progress, hinder scientific progress, remarkable scientific progress
近义technological advance, scientific advance
反义scientific stagnation, regression
Some argue that scientific progress has outpaced our ability to use it wisely.
有人认为，科学的进步已经超出了我们明智运用它的能力。
60right angle
直角
讲解几何术语，90 度角；at a right angle to sth 表示与某物成直角
搭配at a right angle, a perfect right angle, right-angled triangle
近义perpendicular angle
派生right-angled（直角的）
The two walls meet at a perfect right angle, forming a neat corner.
两面墙以完美的直角相交，形成一个整齐的拐角。