1 / 60 句0 词已学
1fuzzy concept
模糊的概念
讲解多作可数名词，常与 remain/be 连用，学术写作中用来指出定义不清的事物
搭配a fuzzy concept of, remain a fuzzy concept, define a fuzzy concept
近义vague idea, ambiguous notion, ill-defined term
反义clear-cut concept, precise definition
派生fuzziness (n.) 模糊性
The essay argues that happiness remains a fuzzy concept that is difficult to measure precisely.
这篇文章认为幸福仍是一个难以精确衡量的模糊概念。
2remuneration policy
薪酬政策
讲解正式商务用语，指机构内部的薪酬制度，常见于雅思写作讨论收入差距的话题
搭配a fair remuneration policy, reform the remuneration policy, executive remuneration
近义pay structure, compensation scheme, salary system
派生remunerate (v.) 报酬；remuneration (n.) 薪酬
Critics claim the company's remuneration policy unfairly favours senior executives over ordinary staff.
批评者称该公司的薪酬政策对高管过于偏袒，而忽视了普通员工。
3ancient pedigree
古老的谱系
讲解pedigree 指血统、家谱，ancient pedigree 强调历史悠久，也引申指事物的悠久渊源
搭配trace an ancient pedigree, a pedigree breed, of noble pedigree
近义long lineage, distinguished ancestry, long heritage
派生pedigreed (adj.) 纯种的
This breed of sheep can trace an ancient pedigree back to the Roman era.
这种绵羊的血统可以追溯到古罗马时代。
4dramatic description
戏剧性描写
讲解dramatic 在此指生动而富有冲击力的，而非戏剧本身；常修饰描写、变化、效果等名词
搭配a dramatic description of, provide a dramatic description, vivid and dramatic
近义vivid account, striking portrayal, graphic depiction
反义dull description, bland account
派生dramatically (adv.) 显著地；戏剧性地
The novel opens with a dramatic description of the storm that destroys the fishing village.
小说以一场摧毁渔村的暴风雨的戏剧性描写开篇。
5minimum wage
最低工资
讲解常见经济类话题词，雅思写作中常与 poverty、inequality、living standards 搭配讨论
搭配raise the minimum wage, the national minimum wage, below the minimum wage
近义base pay, lowest legal pay
派生wage earner (n.) 挣工资者；wage (n.) 工资
Many economists argue that raising the minimum wage would reduce poverty without causing massive job losses.
许多经济学家认为，提高最低工资会减少贫困，而不会造成大量失业。
6color palette
调色板
讲解美式拼写为 color，英式为 colour；也用于比喻某事物的整体色彩或风格基调
搭配a warm color palette, a limited color palette, a rich color palette
近义colour scheme, range of colours, colour spectrum
派生palette (n.) 调色板；色彩范围
The designer chose a warm color palette of ochre, rust and cream for the interior.
设计师为室内挑选了赭石、铁锈红和奶油色组成的暖色调色板。
7be consistent with...
与…一致
讲解用于论证数据、言行、理论与事实是否吻合，雅思写作常用来引出对比或反驳
搭配be consistent with the evidence / findings / previous research
近义be in line with; accord with; correspond to
反义contradict; conflict with; be inconsistent with
The survey results are not consistent with the claims made in the company's official report.
调查结果与公司官方报告中的说法并不一致。
8glaring disadvantage
明显的缺点
讲解glaring 强调缺点显而易见、不容忽视，语气比 obvious 更强，多用于利弊讨论
搭配a glaring disadvantage of / a glaring weakness / a glaring error
近义an obvious drawback; a major shortcoming
反义a distinct advantage; a notable merit
One glaring disadvantage of remote work is the lack of face-to-face communication among colleagues.
远程办公的一个明显缺点是同事之间缺乏面对面的交流。
9visible spectrum
可见光谱
讲解物理与科普类阅读常见术语，指人眼可感知的波长范围，约 380 至 750 纳米
搭配the visible spectrum of light / within the visible spectrum
近义the optical spectrum; visible light range
派生spectrum 光谱；spectral 光谱的
Human eyes can only detect a small portion of the visible spectrum, roughly from red to violet.
人眼只能感知可见光谱的一小部分，大致从红色到紫色。
10phantom limb
假肢
讲解医学与心理学高频术语，指截肢后仍感觉已失去的肢体存在，注意不是「假肢」
搭配phantom limb pain / phantom limb sensation
近义phantom limb syndrome
派生phantom 幻影的，虚幻的
Patients who lose an arm often report a phantom limb that still feels painful or itchy.
失去手臂的病人常报告说，那条已不存在的肢体仍感到疼痛或发痒。
11important repercussion
重要的影响
讲解多指间接、连锁且常为负面的后果，语气比 effect 更强调波及性
搭配have repercussions for / far-reaching repercussions / economic repercussions
近义consequence; aftermath; ripple effect
派生repercussive 产生影响的
The new tax policy had an important repercussion on small businesses across the whole region.
新税收政策对整个地区的小企业产生了重要影响。
12be taken aback
吃惊；困惑
讲解表示因意外而一时惊讶或不知所措，常用于口语叙事，被动形式 be taken aback 最常用
搭配be taken aback by / seem taken aback / a bit taken aback
近义be astonished; be startled; be caught off guard
反义be prepared for; expect
I was taken aback when the interviewer asked me about my biggest failure.
当面试官问我最大的失败是什么时，我吃了一惊。
13population size
种群大小
讲解population size 常用于生态、统计类话题，指某一物种或群体的个体总数；雅思阅读和写作中讨论濒危物种、城市化影响时高频出现。
搭配population size of, monitor population size, reduce population size
近义population number, population count
派生population density
Scientists are monitoring the population size of wild tigers in this region.
科学家正在监测该地区野生老虎的种群大小。
14customs duty
关税
讲解customs duty 指政府对进出口商品征收的税，常用复数 customs duties；雅思经济、贸易类阅读和写作中常见。
搭配pay customs duty, impose customs duty, customs duty on imports
近义tariff, import tax
派生duty-free
Importers must pay customs duty on goods brought into the country.
进口商必须为带入该国的货物缴纳关税。
15provide ventilation
通风
讲解provide ventilation 指为空间提供空气流通，常用于建筑、健康、环境类话题；主语多为建筑、系统或设计。
搭配provide good ventilation, ensure ventilation, natural ventilation
近义allow air circulation, supply fresh air
派生ventilate, ventilator
The building was designed to provide ventilation and keep indoor air fresh.
这栋建筑的设计旨在提供通风并保持室内空气清新。
16ongoing global threat
正在发生的全球性威胁
讲解ongoing global threat 强调威胁正在持续且影响全球，常用于环境、安全、公共卫生类雅思写作。
搭配remain an ongoing global threat, pose an ongoing threat, address the ongoing threat
近义continuing worldwide danger, persistent global risk
Climate change remains an ongoing global threat to coastal communities.
气候变化仍然是对沿海社区持续存在的全球性威胁。
17convert to/into
把…转化为…
讲解convert to/into 表示把某物改变成另一种形式或用途，into 更强调结果状态；常用于城市改造、能源转换等话题。
搭配convert into, convert to energy, be converted into
近义transform into, turn into
反义preserve, maintain
派生conversion, convertible
The old factory was converted into a modern art gallery last year.
这座旧工厂去年被改造成了一座现代艺术画廊。
18at one's disposal
任某人处置
讲解at one's disposal 表示某物可供某人自由使用，one's 需与主语一致；写作中常用于资源、时间、资金等。
搭配at your disposal, place sth at one's disposal, have sth at one's disposal
近义available to, accessible to
派生dispose of
Students have a wide range of online resources at their disposal.
学生有大量在线资源可供他们使用。
19push off
滚开；离开
讲解口语中表"滚开、走开"，语气较粗鲁；也可指船"离岸"
搭配push off from the shore / push off early
近义get lost / clear off / beat it
反义stay put / hang around
The captain told the drunken sailor to push off before the police arrived.
船长叫那个醉醺醺的水手在警察来之前滚开。
20alternative therapy
替代疗法
讲解指针灸、草药等非主流疗法，雅思健康类话题高频
搭配resort to alternative therapy / practise alternative therapy
近义complementary medicine / holistic treatment
反义conventional medicine / mainstream treatment
派生alternative therapist
Many patients turn to alternative therapy when conventional medicine fails to help.
当传统医学无法奏效时，许多病人转而求助于替代疗法。
21social circle
社会阶层
讲解指个人的社交圈子；表"社会阶层"时多用 social class/stratum
搭配expand one's social circle / a wide social circle
近义social network / circle of friends
反义isolation / solitude
Moving to a new city gradually widened her social circle beyond university friends.
搬到新城市后，她的社交圈逐渐超出了大学朋友的范围。
22unfolding event
展开的事件
讲解强调事件正在发生、发展，常见于新闻与叙事写作
搭配cover an unfolding event / a rapidly unfolding event
近义developing event / ongoing incident
派生unfold（动词，展开）
Reporters rushed to cover the unfolding event as crowds gathered in the square.
人群在广场聚集时，记者们赶去报道这一正在展开的事件。
23medical technique
医学技术
讲解指具体的医疗操作方法，比 medical technology 更侧重"手法"
搭配develop a medical technique / advanced medical technique
近义clinical procedure / medical method
派生medical technology（医学科技，侧重设备）
Robotic surgery is a medical technique that reduces recovery time for patients.
机器人手术是一种能缩短病人康复时间的医学技术。
24initial investment
初始投入
讲解商业与环保话题常用，指项目启动阶段投入的资金
搭配make an initial investment / recoup the initial investment
近义upfront cost / start-up capital
反义return / profit
派生invest（动词，投资）
The initial investment in solar panels was high, but savings soon outweighed it.
太阳能板的初始投入很高，但节省的费用很快超过了它。
25chemical compounds
化合物
讲解chemical compounds 指由两种或以上元素化合而成的物质，学术与雅思阅读科技类高频。
搭配chemical compound, organic compounds, toxic compounds
近义chemical substances, chemical mixtures
派生compound (n./v./adj.) 复合物；混合
Scientists are studying how these chemical compounds react under high pressure.
科学家正在研究这些化合物在高压下如何反应。
26countless poem
无数的诗
讲解countless 表示“数不清的”，后接可数名词复数；此处 poem 应为复数 poems 才自然。
搭配countless poems, countless times, countless possibilities
近义innumerable poems, endless poems
反义few poems, a handful of poems
派生count (v.) 计数；countless (adj.) 无数的
The anthology gathers countless poems written by ordinary people over centuries.
这本选集汇集了数百年来普通人写下的无数诗篇。
27economic matter
经济问题
讲解economic matter 指与经济相关的事务或议题，正式语境常用 issue 替换 matter 更自然。
搭配economic issue, economic matter, economic policy
近义economic issue, economic concern
派生economy (n.) 经济；economist (n.) 经济学家
Inflation is the most urgent economic matter facing the new government.
通货膨胀是新政府面临的最紧迫的经济问题。
28unbeatable programme
无敌的项目
讲解unbeatable 意为“无法击败的、无与伦比的”，programme 英式拼写，美式为 program。
搭配unbeatable programme, unbeatable record, unbeatable price
近义invincible programme, unmatched programme
反义beatable programme, vulnerable programme
Their unbeatable training programme helped the team win three championships.
他们无懈可击的训练项目帮助球队赢得了三次冠军。
29maximum payload
最大装载量
讲解payload 指飞机、火箭等可携带的有效载荷或货物重量，科技类阅读常见。
搭配maximum payload, payload capacity, carry a payload
近义load capacity, carrying capacity
派生pay (v.) 支付；load (n./v.) 装载
The cargo plane can carry a maximum payload of sixty tonnes.
这架货机的最大装载量可达六十吨。
30maintain market share
保持市场份额
讲解maintain market share 表示维持既有市场份额，商业与经济类写作高频搭配。
搭配maintain market share, gain market share, lose market share
近义retain market share, hold market share
反义lose market share, surrender market share
The company cut prices to maintain market share during the recession.
经济衰退期间，该公司通过降价来保持市场份额。
31freezer paper
冷藏纸
讲解指用于冷冻或冷藏食物的防潮包装纸，雅思阅读中偶见于食品储存、环保包装话题
搭配freezer paper wrapping, line with freezer paper
近义wax paper, food wrapping paper
派生freezer, freezing
She wrapped the sandwiches in freezer paper before putting them in the picnic basket.
她把三明治用冷藏纸包好，然后放进野餐篮里。
32lateral link
横向连接
讲解指结构中起横向连接作用的部件或关系，多用于工程、交通网络、组织架构等话题
搭配lateral link between, provide a lateral link
近义lateral connection, side connector
反义vertical link
派生lateral, laterally
The engineer examined the lateral link that connects the two sides of the bridge structure.
工程师检查了连接桥梁结构两侧的横向连接件。
33right circumstances
适当的环境
讲解表示有利的外部条件，雅思写作讨论成功因素、教育环境、人才发展时常用
搭配in the right circumstances, under the right circumstances, create the right circumstances
近义favourable conditions, suitable environment
反义wrong circumstances
派生circumstance, circumstantial
Many talented people only succeed when they find themselves in the right circumstances.
许多有才华的人只有在身处适当的环境时才会成功。
34new pacifier
新型镇静剂
讲解指新研发的起镇静作用的药物或手段，医学与健康类阅读中可能出现
搭配develop a new pacifier, prescribe a new pacifier
近义sedative, tranquilliser
派生pacify, pacifying
Doctors tested the new pacifier on patients who suffered from severe anxiety disorders.
医生在患有严重焦虑症的病人身上测试了这种新型镇静剂。
35bike-sharing schemes
共享单车行动计划
讲解指政府或企业推行的公共自行车租赁项目，雅思写作环保与城市交通话题高频表达
搭配launch bike-sharing schemes, operate bike-sharing schemes
近义bicycle rental programmes, public bike initiatives
派生bike-share, shared mobility
Bike-sharing schemes have reduced traffic congestion in many major European cities.
共享单车计划缓解了许多欧洲大城市的交通拥堵。
36comedy show
喜剧节目
讲解指电视或现场演出的喜剧类节目，口语中谈论娱乐方式、减压活动时常用
搭配watch a comedy show, a live comedy show
近义comedy programme, stand-up show
派生comedian, comic
Watching a comedy show is a popular way for young people to relieve stress.
看喜剧节目是年轻人缓解压力的一种流行方式。
37with certain exceptions
除某些例外
讲解用于正式说明规则或政策的适用范围，后接被排除的对象，常见于学术写作与法律文本。
搭配with certain exceptions for/to
近义with some exceptions, except in certain cases
反义without exception
The new policy applies to all students, with certain exceptions for those with medical conditions.
新政策适用于所有学生，但有某些例外情况，如患有疾病的学生。
38military radar operator
操作雷达的军事人员
讲解指军队中负责操作雷达设备、监控空域或海域动态的人员，常用于国防与科技话题。
搭配a skilled military radar operator, serve as a military radar operator
近义radar technician, radar specialist
派生operate a radar
A military radar operator must stay alert throughout long night shifts to detect any threats.
军事雷达操作员必须在漫长的夜班中保持警觉，以侦测任何威胁。
39unsolicited email
垃圾邮件
讲解指未经收件人同意发送的电子邮件，多含广告或诈骗内容，正式语境中比 spam 更中性。
搭配receive unsolicited email, filter out unsolicited email
近义spam, junk mail
派生solicit（征求）
Most people find unsolicited email annoying and simply delete it without reading.
大多数人觉得垃圾邮件很烦人，往往不读就直接删掉。
40exert powerful pressure on
对…施加强大的压力
讲解用于描述某事物对人或群体产生的强烈影响，后接被施压的对象，适合社会类写作。
搭配exert pressure on sb to do sth, exert considerable pressure
近义put pressure on, place strain on
反义relieve pressure on
Social media can exert powerful pressure on young people to conform to unrealistic beauty standards.
社交媒体会对年轻人施加强大压力，使他们迎合不切实际的审美标准。
41economic geography
经济地理学
讲解地理学的一个分支，研究经济活动在空间上的分布与规律，常用于学术与城市规划话题。
搭配study economic geography, a degree in economic geography
近义spatial economics
派生economic geographer
Economic geography examines how industries and resources are distributed across different regions.
经济地理学研究产业和资源在不同地区是如何分布的。
42legitimate peripheral participation
合法的外围参与
讲解教育与社会学概念，指新手在社群边缘通过观察和辅助性任务逐步融入实践共同体。
搭配legitimate peripheral participation in a community
近义situated learning, apprenticeship
派生peripheral（外围的）
Newcomers learn best through legitimate peripheral participation, gradually moving from the edge to full involvement.
新手通过合法的外围参与学得最好，逐步从边缘走向全面参与。
43finish up
结束；完成；用光
讲解既可指完成收尾工作，也可指把剩余东西用光吃完，口语中常见。
搭配finish up the work, finish up the meal
近义complete, wrap up, get through
反义start, begin
We should finish up the report before the deadline tomorrow.
我们应该在明天截止日期前完成这份报告。
44modality of signal
信号形式
讲解学术语境中指信号的传输形式或类型，如光、声、电等，多用于科技类阅读。
搭配modality of signal transmission, different modalities of signal
近义signal type, signal form
派生modal, multimodality
The modality of signal used in this experiment was radio waves.
该实验使用的信号形式是无线电波。
45vouch for sb.
为某人担保
讲解表示愿意为某人的品行或能力作担保，语气正式，常用于信任相关语境。
搭配vouch for sb's honesty, vouch for sb's ability
近义guarantee, stand behind, attest to
反义doubt, distrust
Could you vouch for his reliability as a business partner?
你能为他作为商业伙伴的可靠性担保吗？
46pedestrian access
行人通道
讲解指专供行人通行的路径或入口，常见于城市规划与交通类话题。
搭配provide pedestrian access, pedestrian access route
近义walkway, footpath
反义vehicle access
The new shopping mall provides safe pedestrian access from the main road.
新购物中心提供了从主干道进入的安全行人通道。
47soaring population
激增的人口
讲解描述人口快速上升，常与住房、资源、就业等社会问题搭配使用。
搭配soaring population growth, a soaring population rate
近义surging population, booming population
反义declining population, shrinking population
The soaring population in urban areas has put pressure on public services.
城市地区激增的人口给公共服务带来了压力。
48hang on
等一下
讲解口语中用来请对方稍等，也可表示坚持不放弃，注意与 hang up 区分。
搭配hang on a second, hang on tight
近义hold on, wait a moment
反义let go, give up
Hang on a moment while I check the schedule for you.
请稍等一下，我帮你查一下日程安排。
49health system
医疗卫生系统
讲解可数名词短语，指一国或地区的整体医疗服务体系，雅思健康类话题高频。
搭配public health system, health system reform, a well-funded health system
近义healthcare system, medical system, health service
派生health-system (作定语), healthcare (n.)
The government has invested heavily in the health system to ensure equal access for all citizens.
政府大力投资医疗卫生系统，以确保所有公民享有平等的就医机会。
50competitive global market
竞争激烈的全球市场
讲解常用于经济、就业、贸易类话题，强调市场竞争的激烈与国际化。
搭配enter the competitive global market, thrive in a competitive global market
近义fierce global competition, highly competitive world market
反义a sheltered domestic market
Graduates must sharpen their skills to survive in today's competitive global market.
毕业生必须提升技能，才能在当今竞争激烈的全球市场中立足。
51complementary measures
配套措施
讲解政策、改革类话题常用，指与主措施配合实施的其他措施，常与 to 连用。
搭配complementary measures to sth, take complementary measures, a package of complementary measures
近义supporting measures, accompanying measures
派生complement (v./n.), complementary (adj.)
Tax cuts alone will not work; complementary measures such as job training are also needed.
仅靠减税不够，还需要职业培训等配套措施。
52whale watch cruise
观鲸航游
讲解旅游类话题用词，指乘船出海观赏鲸鱼的游览项目，whale watch 作定语。
搭配go on a whale watch cruise, book a whale watch cruise
近义whale-watching tour, whale-watching trip
派生whale watching (n.), whale watcher (n.)
We booked a whale watch cruise hoping to see humpbacks breach near the boat.
我们预订了观鲸航游，希望能看到座头鲸在船边跃出水面。
53biological clock
生物钟
讲解指人体内在的昼夜节律，常与 disrupt, reset, adjust 等动词搭配。
搭配disrupt the biological clock, reset one's biological clock, the body's biological clock
近义body clock, circadian rhythm
派生biologically (adv.), biology (n.), biorhythm (n.)
Working night shifts for years completely disrupted her biological clock.
多年上夜班彻底打乱了她的生物钟。
54a sophisticated approach
一套成熟完善的方法
讲解用于问题解决类话题，强调方法精细、复杂且成熟，含褒义。
搭配adopt a sophisticated approach, a sophisticated approach to sth
近义a refined approach, a well-developed approach
反义a crude approach, a simplistic approach
派生sophistication (n.), sophisticatedly (adv.)
Tackling climate change requires a sophisticated approach combining technology with strict regulation.
应对气候变化需要一套将技术与严格监管相结合的成熟完善的方法。
55cotton and polyester blend
棉涤混纺物
讲解指棉与涤纶混纺的面料，可数名词，常与 make from、a blend of 连用
搭配cotton and polyester blend fabric, a 60/40 blend, soft blend
近义mixed fabric, blended material
派生blend v. 混合；blended adj. 混纺的
This jacket is made from a cotton and polyester blend that keeps its shape after washing.
这件夹克由棉涤混纺物制成，洗涤后仍能保持形状。
56pulse rate
脉搏频率
讲解医学与健康类高频表达，指每分钟脉搏跳动次数，常与 measure、lower、raise 连用
搭配resting pulse rate, measure one's pulse rate, a rapid pulse rate
近义heart rate, pulse
派生pulse n. 脉搏
Regular exercise can lower your resting pulse rate and improve heart health.
经常锻炼可以降低静息脉搏频率并改善心脏健康。
57industrial revolution
工业革命
讲解历史类写作高频，指18世纪起机器生产取代手工的变革，常与 the 连用
搭配the first industrial revolution, during the industrial revolution, the digital revolution
近义industrialisation, mechanisation
派生industrialise v. 工业化；industrialised adj. 工业化的
The industrial revolution transformed Britain from a rural society into an urban one.
工业革命使英国从农业社会转变为城市社会。
58giant hailstone
大冰雹
讲解天气与自然灾害类词汇，hailstone 指单颗冰雹，giant 强调体积巨大
搭配giant hailstone, hailstones the size of golf balls, a storm of hail
近义hail, ice pellet
派生hail n. 冰雹；hailstorm n. 雹暴
A giant hailstone the size of a tennis ball smashed through the car window.
一块网球大小的大冰雹砸穿了车窗。
59mutate into
转化成
讲解表示逐渐转变为（尤指更糟或更强），后接名词，常用于病毒、局势、冲突
搭配mutate into a virus, mutate into a crisis, gradually mutate into
近义turn into, evolve into, develop into
派生mutation n. 变异；mutant n. 突变体
Scientists fear the virus could mutate into a form that spreads more easily.
科学家担心这种病毒可能转化成更易传播的形式。
60balancing pole
平衡杆
讲解杂技与物理平衡类名词，指走钢丝者手持以调节重心的长杆
搭配hold a balancing pole, carry a balancing pole, a long balancing pole
近义balancing rod, steadying pole
派生balance v./n. 平衡；balanced adj. 平衡的
The tightrope walker held a long balancing pole to keep steady in the wind.
走钢丝者握着一根长平衡杆，以便在风中保持平稳。