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1representational art
具象派艺术
讲解指描绘可辨识现实事物的艺术流派，与 abstract art 相对，常用于艺术类阅读与写作。
搭配representational painting, representational artist, a form of representational art
近义figurative art, realistic art
反义abstract art, non-representational art
派生representation, representationalism
The gallery's new exhibition focuses on representational art rather than abstract experiments.
这家画廊的新展览聚焦于具象派艺术，而非抽象实验。
2emotional nuance
情感差异
讲解nuance 指细微差别，常与 subtle, delicate 搭配，emotional nuance 多用于艺术、表演、文学评论。
搭配subtle nuance, capture the nuance, a nuance of meaning
近义subtle distinction, shade of feeling
派生nuanced, nuancedly
A skilled actor can convey subtle emotional nuances through the slightest change of expression.
一位技艺精湛的演员能通过表情最细微的变化传达微妙的情感差异。
3daunting terrain
险峻的地形
讲解daunting 意为令人望而生畏的，terrain 指地形地貌，二者搭配常见于地理、探险类文章。
搭配rugged terrain, mountainous terrain, navigate the terrain
近义forbidding landscape, intimidating ground
派生dauntingly
The expedition team struggled across the daunting terrain of the frozen plateau.
探险队艰难地穿越了冰封高原上险峻的地形。
4coral reefs
珊瑚礁
讲解环境类高频名词，常与 bleaching, destruction, protection 等搭配，写作中可作生态破坏例证。
搭配protect coral reefs, coral reef ecosystem, reef bleaching
近义reef, coral bank
派生reef, reef-building
Rising sea temperatures have caused widespread bleaching of coral reefs worldwide.
海水温度上升已导致全球范围内珊瑚礁大面积白化。
5constant bombardment of information
不断的信息轰炸
讲解形象化表达，指信息持续大量涌入，常用于科技、媒体对社会影响的讨论。
搭配a bombardment of questions, media bombardment, bombard sb with sth
近义flood of information, information overload
派生bombard, bombardment
Many students find it hard to concentrate amid the constant bombardment of information online.
许多学生发现在网上不断的信息轰炸中很难集中注意力。
6get accustomed to
适应
讲解get accustomed to 后接名词或动名词，强调逐渐适应的过程，比 be used to 更正式。
搭配get accustomed to doing sth, become accustomed to, grow accustomed to
近义get used to, adapt to
反义be unaccustomed to
派生accustomed, accustom
It took me several weeks to get accustomed to the pace of life in a foreign city.
我花了好几周才适应异国城市的生活节奏。
7set out
设置，安排；阐述
讲解作'阐述、陈述'时常用set out sth或set out to do sth，语气正式，适合学术写作
搭配set out a plan / set out to do sth / set out the reasons
近义present, outline, describe
派生outset (n. 开端)
The report sets out a clear plan for reducing carbon emissions by 2050.
这份报告阐述了到2050年减少碳排放的明确计划。
8perennial theme
永恒的主题
讲解perennial意为'长久的、反复出现的'，用于描述长期存在、经久不衰的话题
搭配a perennial theme / a perennial problem / a perennial favourite
近义enduring theme, timeless topic
反义passing fad
The conflict between tradition and modernity is a perennial theme in literature.
传统与现代之间的冲突是文学中一个永恒的主题。
9printed reproduction
印刷的复制品
讲解printed reproduction指用印刷方式制作的复制品，常用于艺术、出版语境
搭配a printed reproduction / a faithful reproduction / in reproduction
近义print copy, replica
派生reproduce (v. 复制), reproduction (n. 复制品)
The museum displays printed reproductions of famous paintings to protect the originals.
博物馆展出名画的印刷复制品以保护原作。
10office assistant
办公室助理
讲解office assistant指从事日常行政事务的办公室助理，属常见职位名称
搭配work as an office assistant / hire an office assistant
近义administrative assistant, clerk
She worked as an office assistant before being promoted to department manager.
她在被提升为部门经理之前担任办公室助理。
11tidal power
潮汐能
讲解tidal power指利用潮汐涨落发电的能源，属可再生能源话题高频词
搭配generate tidal power / tidal power station / a source of tidal power
近义tidal energy
派生tidal (adj. 潮汐的), tide (n. 潮汐)
Tidal power is a renewable energy source that harnesses the movement of the sea.
潮汐能是一种利用海水运动的可再生能源。
12duplex printer
双面打印机
讲解duplex意为'双面的、双向的'，duplex printer即能双面打印的打印机
搭配a duplex printer / print in duplex mode / duplex printing
近义double-sided printer
反义single-sided printer
A duplex printer can print on both sides of the paper, saving time and resources.
双面打印机可以在纸张两面打印，节省时间和资源。
13reserve a place
预定一个位置
讲解表示提前为某人保留名额或座位，常用于活动、课程、餐厅等场景。
搭配reserve a place for sb; reserve a table; book a place
近义book a spot; secure a place; sign up
反义cancel a booking
You had better reserve a place early if you plan to join the campus tour.
如果你打算参加校园参观，最好早点预定一个位置。
14combat forest fires
防止森林火灾
讲解combat 作动词意为“与……作斗争、抑制”，多接灾害、疾病、犯罪等抽象对象。
搭配combat fires; combat climate change; combat crime
近义fight; tackle; curb
反义fuel; worsen
Firefighters worked through the night to combat forest fires threatening nearby villages.
消防员通宵奋战，扑救威胁附近村庄的森林火灾。
15juvenile tortoise
幼龟
讲解juvenile 指“幼年的、未成年的”，比 young 更正式，常见于生物与法律语境。
搭配juvenile tortoise; juvenile crime; juvenile stage
近义young; immature; adolescent
反义adult; mature
派生juvenile delinquency
A juvenile tortoise must reach the sea quickly before predators spot it.
幼龟必须迅速爬向大海，以免被掠食者发现。
16thermosetting plastic
热固性塑料
讲解热固性塑料加热后发生不可逆交联，与可反复熔化的热塑性塑料相对。
搭配thermosetting plastic; thermosetting resin; a thermosetting material
近义heat-set plastic
反义thermoplastic
Thermosetting plastic hardens permanently once heated and cannot be remelted.
热固性塑料一经加热便永久硬化，无法重新熔化。
17project manager
项目经理
讲解指负责统筹项目进度、预算与人员的人，职场与商务写作中常见。
搭配project manager; senior project manager; report to the project manager
近义team leader; coordinator
派生project management
The project manager set a tight deadline to keep the whole team focused.
项目经理设定了紧张的截止期限，让整个团队保持专注。
18pair up
配对
讲解指两人结成一组，常用于课堂活动、运动或合作任务。
搭配pair up with sb; pair up for an activity; pair students up
近义team up; get together; partner up
反义split up; work alone
Students were asked to pair up and discuss the advantages of remote working.
学生们被要求两两配对，讨论远程工作的好处。
19reference number
咨询号码
讲解指用于查询、追踪或核对信息的编号，常见于表格、账单、订单等正式场景。
搭配reference number for, quote a reference number, a unique reference number
近义reference code, case number, tracking number
派生reference (n./v.) 参考；提及
Please quote the reference number printed on your application form when you call our office.
打电话到我们办公室时，请提供申请表上印的咨询号码。
20rickety chair
摇摇晃晃的椅子
讲解形容家具或结构老旧、不稳、易晃，含明显负面评价，适合描述旧屋、贫民区等场景。
搭配a rickety chair, a rickety table, a rickety old house
近义shaky, unstable, wobbly
反义sturdy, stable, solid
派生ricketiness (n.) 摇摇晃晃
He sat carefully on the rickety chair, afraid that it might collapse under his weight.
他小心翼翼地坐在那把摇摇晃晃的椅子上，生怕它会被自己的体重压塌。
21physical evidence
实实在在的证据
讲解指可触摸、可检验的实物证据，如指纹、DNA、凶器等，常与 circumstantial evidence 相对。
搭配provide physical evidence, lack physical evidence, physical evidence of
近义material evidence, forensic evidence, tangible evidence
反义circumstantial evidence, hearsay evidence
派生physical (adj.) 物质的；身体的
The prosecution failed to provide physical evidence linking the suspect to the crime scene.
控方未能提供把嫌疑人同犯罪现场联系起来的实物证据。
22community centre
社区中心
讲解指供社区居民聚会、学习、娱乐的公共场所，英式拼写 centre，美式常用 center。
搭配local community centre, at the community centre, run a community centre
近义neighbourhood centre, civic centre, community hub
The new community centre offers free language classes and sports activities for local residents.
新的社区中心为当地居民提供免费语言课程和体育活动。
23manmade fibre
人造纤维
讲解指通过化学工艺制成的纤维，与 natural fibre 相对，常用于纺织、环保类话题。
搭配manmade fibre clothing, synthetic manmade fibre, produce manmade fibres
近义synthetic fibre, artificial fibre, manufactured fibre
反义natural fibre
派生manmade (adj.) 人造的
Many budget clothes are made from manmade fibres such as polyester and nylon.
许多廉价衣服由聚酯和尼龙等人造纤维制成。
24historical geography
历史地理学
讲解研究历史时期地理环境、疆域与人类活动关系的学科，属学术型复合名词。
搭配study historical geography, a degree in historical geography, historical geography research
近义historical topography, geographical history
派生historical geographer (n.) 历史地理学家
She chose to study historical geography because she was fascinated by how borders changed over time.
她选择学习历史地理学，因为她对边界如何随时间变化很着迷。
25internalized knowledge
内化知识
讲解作不可数名词，指经过理解吸收、真正掌握并能自如运用的知识，常用于教育类话题。
搭配internalized knowledge of, turn sth. into internalized knowledge, deeply internalized
近义assimilated knowledge, absorbed understanding
派生internalize (v.), internalization (n.)
Regular revision helps students turn scattered facts into internalized knowledge they can apply flexibly.
定期复习帮助学生把零散的事实转化为可以灵活运用的内化知识。
26distract sb. from
使某人分心
讲解distract sb. from sth./doing sth.，from 后接被分心而耽误的事，常用于科技与学习话题。
搭配distract sb. from work, distract attention from, easily distracted
近义divert sb. from, take sb.'s mind off
反义focus sb. on, concentrate on
派生distraction (n.), distracted (adj.)
Constant notifications on social media distract many teenagers from their studies every single day.
社交媒体上不断的通知每天都会让许多青少年从学习中分心。
27human-animal conflict
人与动物的冲突
讲解指人类活动与野生动物之间因资源、栖息地引发的矛盾，环保与城市化话题高频表达。
搭配intensify human-animal conflict, reduce human-animal conflict, resolve human-animal conflict
近义wildlife-human clash, conflict between people and wildlife
Rapid urban expansion has intensified human-animal conflict in many regions around the world.
城市的快速扩张加剧了世界许多地区人与动物的冲突。
28firework display
烟花表演
讲解可数名词短语，指一场烟花表演；也可说 fireworks display，多用于节日、庆典类话题。
搭配hold a firework display, watch a firework display, a spectacular firework display
近义fireworks show, pyrotechnic display
Thousands of visitors gathered by the river to watch the spectacular firework display.
成千上万的游客聚集在河边观看壮观的烟花表演。
29land creature
陆地生物
讲解指生活在陆地上的动物，与海洋生物相对；creature 比 animal 更常用于书面描述。
搭配land creatures and sea creatures, a small land creature, adapt to life as a land creature
近义terrestrial animal, land animal
反义marine creature, aquatic animal
Unlike fish, most land creatures depend on lungs rather than gills to breathe.
与鱼不同，大多数陆地生物依靠肺而不是鳃来呼吸。
30detrimental side-effect
毒副作用
讲解detrimental 意为“有害的”，side-effect 指副作用，该短语多用于医疗与健康类写作。
搭配cause detrimental side-effects, suffer detrimental side-effects, long-term detrimental side-effects
近义harmful side-effect, adverse effect
反义beneficial effect, positive side-effect
Scientists warn that the new drug may cause serious detrimental side-effects in some patients.
科学家警告说，这种新药可能对部分患者造成严重的毒副作用。
31symbolic meaning
象征意义
讲解指事物背后代表的抽象含义，常用于文化、艺术、宗教类阅读与写作。
搭配carry a symbolic meaning, have symbolic meaning, the symbolic meaning of
近义figurative meaning, emblematic significance
派生symbolize, symbolism, symbolically
In many cultures, the dragon carries a symbolic meaning of power and good fortune.
在许多文化中，龙承载着权力与好运的象征意义。
32purely abstract thought
纯抽象思维
讲解指脱离具体事物、只凭概念进行的思考，多用于心理学、哲学、教育类话题。
搭配engage in purely abstract thought, capacity for abstract thought
近义conceptual thinking, abstract reasoning
反义concrete thinking, practical reasoning
Philosophers argue that purely abstract thought distinguishes humans from other species.
哲学家认为，纯抽象思维使人类区别于其他物种。
33a consignment of bikes
一批自行车
讲解consignment 指一次发送的一批货物，商务、物流类阅读常见，常与 of 连用。
搭配a consignment of goods, receive a consignment, ship a consignment
近义a batch of, a shipment of
派生consign, consignor, consignee
A consignment of bikes was shipped to the charity to help rural students.
一批自行车被运往该慈善机构，以帮助农村学生。
34volcanic eruption
火山爆发
讲解地理与灾害类高频搭配，写作中常用来描述自然灾害的破坏力与影响。
搭配a massive volcanic eruption, trigger an eruption, following the eruption
近义volcanic blast, volcanic explosion
派生erupt, eruptive, eruption
The volcanic eruption forced thousands of residents to evacuate their homes overnight.
火山爆发迫使数千名居民连夜撤离家园。
35visual experience
视觉体验
讲解指通过眼睛获得的感受，常用于艺术、旅游、科技（如 VR）类话题。
搭配a rich visual experience, provide a visual experience, immersive visual experience
近义visual perception, visual impression
派生visually, visualize, visualise
Museums can offer visitors a rich visual experience that textbooks cannot provide.
博物馆能给参观者带来教科书无法提供的丰富视觉体验。
36be descended from
起源于
讲解表示物种、语言、家族的起源，后接 from；注意用被动形式 be descended from。
搭配be descended from ancestors, be directly descended from
近义originate from, derive from, stem from
派生descend, descent, descendant
Many modern languages are descended from a single ancient tongue spoken long ago.
许多现代语言都起源于很久以前使用的一种古老语言。
37shared automated vehicles
共享自动驾驶汽车
讲解指无人驾驶且多人共用的出行工具，常用于科技与城市交通话题写作。
搭配shared automated vehicles fleet；deploy shared automated vehicles
近义self-driving shared cars；autonomous ride-sharing vehicles
派生automation；automated driving
Shared automated vehicles could greatly reduce traffic congestion in crowded modern cities.
共享自动驾驶汽车可以极大地减少拥挤的现代城市中的交通拥堵。
38integrated rural transport project
综合性农村交通项目
讲解多用于政府规划、基础设施类阅读与写作，强调多种交通方式统筹建设。
搭配launch an integrated rural transport project；fund an integrated rural transport project
近义comprehensive rural transport scheme；rural infrastructure programme
派生integrate；integration；integrated
The integrated rural transport project aims to connect remote villages with nearby market towns.
这个综合性农村交通项目旨在把偏远村庄与附近集镇连接起来。
39aid agency
援助机构
讲解指提供人道主义或发展援助的组织，常出现在灾害、扶贫类雅思阅读中。
搭配international aid agency；relief aid agency；donate through an aid agency
近义relief organization；charity organization
派生aid worker；humanitarian aid
An international aid agency sent food and medicine to families affected by the flood.
一家国际援助机构向受洪水影响的家庭运送了食物和药品。
40internal organ
内脏
讲解医学与健康类高频表达，指身体内部的器官，如心、肝、肺等。
搭配damage to internal organs；internal organ failure
近义inner organ；visceral organ
反义external organ
派生internally；internalize
Regular exercise can improve blood circulation and keep every internal organ healthy.
规律运动可以改善血液循环，并让每个内脏都保持健康。
41botanic garden
植物园
讲解指收集展示各种植物的园区，常用于旅游、环境类口语与写作。
搭配visit a botanic garden；the royal botanic garden
近义botanical garden；plant collection garden
派生botanical；botany；botanist
We spent the whole afternoon wandering through the botanic garden near the university.
我们整个下午都在大学附近的植物园里漫步。
42fixed loan
固定贷款
讲解指利率在约定期限内不变的贷款，常用于经济与个人理财话题。
搭配take out a fixed loan；a fixed-rate loan
近义fixed-rate loan；fixed-interest loan
反义variable loan
派生fixed-rate；lender；borrower
Young couples often prefer a fixed loan so they can plan their monthly budget confidently.
年轻夫妇往往更喜欢固定贷款，这样他们就能自信地规划每月预算。
43contributing factor
起作用的因素
讲解多用于解释原因，后接介词 to，指诸多原因中起作用的一个
搭配a major contributing factor, a contributing factor to
近义a factor in, one of the causes
派生contribute v., contribution n.
Poor diet is a major contributing factor to the rise in childhood obesity.
不良饮食是儿童肥胖率上升的一个主要起作用的因素。
44navigable river
可航行河流
讲解形容河流水深足够、可供船只通行，常用于地理与贸易类话题
搭配a navigable river, navigable waters
近义passable, traversable
反义unnavigable
派生navigate v., navigation n., navigable adj.
The city grew wealthy because a navigable river ran right through its centre.
这座城市因一条可航行的河流穿城而过而变得富裕。
45larval parasite
寄生虫幼虫
讲解larval 指幼虫阶段的，parasite 指寄生物，合起来指尚未发育成熟的寄生幼虫
搭配a larval parasite, infect with a larval parasite
近义parasitic larva, immature parasite
派生larva n., larval adj., parasitism n.
Scientists found a larval parasite living inside the tissues of the infected fish.
科学家发现一种寄生虫幼虫生活在受感染鱼类的组织内。
46get in touch with
与…保持联系
讲解表示主动与某人建立或恢复联系，比 contact 更口语化
搭配get in touch with sb, keep in touch with sb
近义contact, reach out to
反义lose touch with
派生in touch adj., out of touch adj.
I try to get in touch with my old classmates at least once a year.
我尽量每年至少和老同学联系一次。
47lighting box
照明箱
讲解指集中安装照明控制设备的箱体，多见于舞台、摄影或建筑场景
搭配a lighting box, install a lighting box
近义light control box, switch box
派生light n., lighting n., lighten v.
The technician opened the lighting box to check the wiring behind the stage.
技术员打开照明箱检查舞台后面的线路。
48outdoor courts
户外球场
讲解指露天的运动场地，常用复数，与室内场馆相对
搭配outdoor courts, play on outdoor courts
近义open-air courts, outside courts
反义indoor courts
派生court n., courtyard n.
Local teenagers gather at the outdoor courts every evening to play basketball.
当地青少年每晚都聚集在户外球场打篮球。
49rush off
匆忙离去
讲解表示因时间紧迫而快速离开某地，常接 to do 或 to+地点，口语和写作均常用。
搭配rush off to work, rush off to a meeting, rush off in a hurry
近义dash off, hurry away, bolt
反义linger, dawdle
派生rushed (adj.) 匆忙的
She had to rush off to catch the last train home after the meeting.
会议结束后，她不得不匆忙离去赶最后一班回家的火车。
50minor subject
辅修科目
讲解指主修以外的辅修课程，常与 take/choose 搭配；英式也常说 minor subject 或 subsidiary subject。
搭配take a minor subject, choose a minor subject, minor subject in history
近义subsidiary subject, secondary course
反义major subject, main subject
Besides his major in economics, he also took history as a minor subject.
除了经济学主修外，他还把历史作为辅修科目。
51graphic illustration
图例，图示说明
讲解graphic illustration 指用图画、图表进行的说明，常见于学术写作和教材中，强调直观呈现。
搭配provide a graphic illustration, a graphic illustration of, use a graphic illustration
近义diagram, figure, visual aid
派生illustrate (v.) 说明；illustrative (adj.) 说明性的
The textbook uses a graphic illustration to explain how the water cycle works.
这本教科书用图示说明来解释水循环是如何运作的。
52the enigma of Industrial Revolution
工业革命之谜
讲解the enigma of... 表示“……之谜”，用于学术写作中引出难以解释的现象，后接名词或名词短语。
搭配the enigma of + n., remain an enigma, solve the enigma
近义mystery, puzzle, riddle
派生enigmatic (adj.) 神秘的
Historians still debate the enigma of the Industrial Revolution and its rapid spread.
历史学家仍在争论工业革命之谜及其迅速传播的原因。
53gene pool
基因库
讲解生物学用语，指某一群体中全部基因的总和；常用于环境、进化、保护类雅思阅读和写作话题。
搭配a diverse gene pool, shrink the gene pool, preserve the gene pool
近义genetic reservoir, genetic diversity
派生gene (n.) 基因；genetic (adj.) 基因的
Reducing the gene pool of a species may make it more vulnerable to disease.
减少一个物种的基因库可能使其更容易受到疾病侵袭。
54electrical shock
电击
讲解指电流通过人体造成的伤害，常用搭配 receive/get an electrical shock；也可说 electric shock。
搭配receive an electrical shock, get an electrical shock, risk an electrical shock
近义electric shock, electric jolt
派生shock (v./n.) 使震惊；电击
Workers must wear protective gloves to avoid an electrical shock on the site.
工人必须戴防护手套，以免在工地上遭受电击。
55make-believe world
虚幻的世界
讲解指脱离现实的想象世界，常用于描写儿童心理、文学创作或逃避现实的语境。
搭配a make-believe world of, live in a make-believe world
近义imaginary world, fantasy world
反义real world, reality
Children often escape into a make-believe world where they can be anyone they wish.
孩子们常常逃入一个虚幻的世界，在那里他们可以成为任何想成为的人。
56captive animal
圈养动物
讲解captive 意为被关起来的、被俘的，captive animal 强调动物被人为圈养、失去自由。
搭配keep animals captive, captive breeding, captive population
近义caged animal, confined animal
反义wild animal, free-ranging animal
Many people argue that captive animals suffer both physically and mentally in small enclosures.
许多人认为圈养动物在狭小的围栏中身心都受到折磨。
57logical consistency
逻辑连贯性
讲解指论述前后一致、不自相矛盾，是雅思写作评分中连贯与衔接的重要体现。
搭配maintain logical consistency, lack logical consistency
近义coherence, internal consistency
反义contradiction, inconsistency
A good essay depends on the logical consistency of its arguments from start to finish.
一篇好文章取决于其论点从头到尾的逻辑连贯性。
58marine animal
海洋动物
讲解marine 意为海洋的，marine animal 泛指生活在海洋中的动物，环保类话题高频。
搭配marine life, marine ecosystem, protect marine animals
近义sea creature, ocean animal
反义land animal, terrestrial animal
Plastic waste poses a serious threat to marine animals such as turtles and dolphins.
塑料垃圾对海龟和海豚等海洋动物构成严重威胁。
59civil war
内战
讲解指同一国家内部不同群体之间的战争，常见于历史、政治类阅读与写作。
搭配break out, erupt, be torn apart by
近义internal conflict, domestic war
反义international war
The country was torn apart by a brutal civil war that lasted more than a decade.
这个国家被一场持续十多年的残酷内战撕裂。
60low-density lipoproteins
低密度脂肪蛋白
讲解即俗称的坏胆固醇，缩写为 LDL，常与心血管健康话题一起出现。
搭配high levels of, reduce, cholesterol
近义bad cholesterol, LDL
反义high-density lipoproteins (HDL)
Doctors warn that high levels of low-density lipoproteins can increase the risk of heart disease.
医生警告说，高水平的低密度脂蛋白会增加患心脏病的风险。