1 / 60 句0 词已学
1power grid
电力网
讲解可数名词短语，常与 upgrade/expand/modernise 连用，雅思能源类话题高频。
搭配national power grid, upgrade the power grid, connect to the power grid
近义electricity network, electricity supply system
派生grid n. 电网；格栅
The government plans to upgrade the national power grid to support renewable energy sources.
政府计划升级国家电力网以支持可再生能源。
2mental state
心理状态
讲解可数名词短语，常与 improve/affect/suffer from 连用，健康类话题常用。
搭配improve one's mental state, a stable mental state, affect mental state
近义psychological condition, frame of mind
反义physical condition
Regular exercise can significantly improve both your physical health and mental state.
规律运动能显著改善你的身体健康和心理状态。
3social setting
社会环境
讲解可数名词短语，指具体的社会场合或环境，常与 in a ... social setting 搭配。
搭配in a formal social setting, a familiar social setting, adapt to a social setting
近义social context, social environment
派生setting n. 环境；背景
Children behave differently depending on the social setting in which they grow up.
孩子们的行为会因其成长的社会环境不同而有所差异。
4precise analysis
精确的分析
讲解名词短语，常与 carry out/conduct/provide 连用，学术写作中强调严谨性。
搭配carry out a precise analysis, a precise analysis of data, based on precise analysis
近义detailed examination, rigorous assessment
反义rough estimate
Researchers carried out a precise analysis of the data before drawing any conclusions.
研究人员在得出结论之前对数据进行了精确的分析。
5financial incentives
资金激励
讲解可数名词短语，常与 offer/provide/introduce 连用，经济与环境话题高频。
搭配offer financial incentives, financial incentives for, a powerful financial incentive
近义monetary rewards, economic inducements
派生incentive n. 激励；刺激
Financial incentives such as tax breaks can encourage companies to adopt greener technologies.
税收减免等资金激励可以鼓励企业采用更环保的技术。
6pile up
堆积；积压
讲解动词短语，可指物品堆积或事务积压，常与 work/problems/debts 连用。
搭配pile up on one's desk, let work pile up, piles of... pile up
近义accumulate, build up
反义clear up, sort out
If you let your assignments pile up, you will feel overwhelmed before the deadline.
如果你让作业不断堆积，截止日期前你会感到不堪重负。
7exempt employee
豁免员工
讲解指不受加班费规定约束的雇员，多用于劳动法、职场类话题
搭配exempt employee status, classify as an exempt employee
近义salaried employee, white-collar worker
反义non-exempt employee
派生exemption (n. 豁免)
Unlike hourly workers, exempt employees are not entitled to overtime pay under federal law.
与按小时计酬的工人不同，豁免员工无权依据联邦法律获得加班费。
8looming health crises
潜在的健康危机
讲解looming 指危机等逼近但尚未爆发，常与 crisis、threat、shortage 搭配
搭配looming threat, looming crisis, a looming shortage of
近义impending health crises, emerging health threats
派生loom (v. 逼近)
Governments worldwide are struggling to prepare for looming health crises such as antibiotic resistance.
世界各国政府正艰难地为抗生素耐药性等迫在眉睫的健康危机做准备。
9bother with
为…而费心，为…操心
讲解多用于否定句或疑问句，后接名词或动名词，表示觉得某事不值得费心
搭配not bother with details, bother to do sth, why bother
近义not trouble oneself with, not take the trouble to
反义bother about
Many young people today do not bother with traditional newspapers, turning to social media instead.
如今许多年轻人懒得看传统报纸，转而使用社交媒体。
10have/gain access to
可以获得
讲解access 前不加冠词，常用 have/gain/get access to sth；写作中常与 equal、easy 连用
搭配gain access to information, have easy access to, equal access to education
近义be able to obtain, enjoy the availability of
反义be deprived of, be denied access to
Rural residents often struggle to have access to quality healthcare and higher education.
农村居民往往难以获得优质的医疗保健和高等教育。
11body language
肢体语言
讲解不可数名词，前常加 confident、positive、aggressive 等形容词修饰
搭配use body language, read body language, positive body language
近义non-verbal communication, gestures and posture
派生body-language cues (肢体语言线索)
Speakers who use confident body language tend to make a stronger impression on their audience.
使用自信肢体语言的演讲者往往能给观众留下更深刻的印象。
12take pride in
以…为傲
讲解take pride in 后接名词或动名词，主语多为人或群体，语气比 be proud of 更书面
搭配take great pride in, take pride in one's work, a source of pride
近义be proud of, glory in
反义be ashamed of
Communities that take pride in their local heritage are more likely to preserve historic buildings.
以本地遗产为傲的社区更有可能保护历史建筑。
13string instrument
弦乐器
讲解指靠弦振动发声的乐器，如小提琴、吉他、大提琴，雅思听力常考音乐类话题。
搭配play a string instrument, a string instrument section, learn a string instrument
近义bowed instrument, chordophone
派生stringed instrument（同义拼写）
Learning a string instrument such as the violin can greatly improve a child's concentration.
学习小提琴等弦乐器能极大提高孩子的注意力。
14stone vessel
石制器具
讲解考古与历史类阅读高频词，vessel 泛指容器、器皿，stone 作定语表材质。
搭配a carved stone vessel, ancient stone vessel, a stone vessel fragment
近义stone container, stone receptacle
派生pottery vessel, bronze vessel（同类材质替换）
Archaeologists unearthed a stone vessel believed to be over three thousand years old.
考古学家出土了一件据信有三千多年历史的石制器具。
15private sector
私立部门
讲解指非政府经营的商业领域，写作中常与 public sector 对比论证政府与市场角色。
搭配the private sector, private sector investment, private sector employees
近义private enterprise, the business sector
反义the public sector, the state sector
The private sector often invests more efficiently in technology than the public sector does.
私营部门在技术上的投资往往比公共部门更有效率。
16synthetic clothing
合成衣物
讲解指涤纶、尼龙等人造纤维制成的衣物，环境类写作常作为塑料污染来源。
搭配synthetic clothing fibres, wear synthetic clothing, synthetic fabrics
近义man-made clothing, artificial fabrics
反义natural clothing, organic cotton garments
Washing synthetic clothing releases tiny plastic fibres that pollute rivers and oceans.
洗涤合成衣物会释放出污染河流和海洋的微小塑料纤维。
17active ingredient
活性成分
讲解指药物或产品中真正起作用的成分，医药与健康类阅读常见。
搭配the active ingredient in, contain an active ingredient, key active ingredient
近义key component, effective substance
反义inactive ingredient, filler
Researchers found that the active ingredient in the plant could reduce inflammation effectively.
研究人员发现这种植物中的活性成分能有效减轻炎症。
18environmental factor
环境因素
讲解指影响结果的外部条件，常用于解释现象成因，写作中作分析论据。
搭配a key environmental factor, environmental factors affect, consider environmental factors
近义external factor, surrounding influence
反义internal factor, genetic factor
Genetic makeup and environmental factors together determine how a person develops.
基因构成与环境因素共同决定一个人的成长。
19cough up
咳出
讲解表示因咳嗽而排出痰、血等，也可引申为不情愿地掏钱。
搭配cough up blood/phlegm/money
近义hack up, spit out
派生coughing (n.)
The patient coughed up blood, so the doctor ordered an immediate chest X-ray.
病人咳出了血，因此医生要求立即做胸部X光检查。
20chicken flavour crisps
鸡肉风味薯片
讲解英式英语用 crisps 指薯片，美式用 chips；flavour 前常不加 the。
搭配a packet of crisps, chicken flavour
近义chicken-flavoured chips
派生flavour (n./v.)
She bought a packet of chicken flavour crisps to share with her classmates.
她买了一包鸡肉味薯片和同学们分享。
21put in
花费，投入(时间或精力)
讲解常接 effort, time, work, hours 等，强调为达成目标而投入。
搭配put in effort/time/hours
近义invest in, devote to
反义take out
派生input (n.)
You need to put in a lot of effort if you want to pass the IELTS exam.
如果你想通过雅思考试，就需要投入大量精力。
22agricultural yields
农业产量
讲解写作常用复数 yields，指单位面积的产量；常与 increase, raise, boost 搭配。
搭配increase/boost yields, high yields
近义output, productivity
派生yield (v.)
Better irrigation and seeds have greatly raised agricultural yields in this region.
更好的灌溉和种子大大提高了该地区的农业产量。
23negative effect
负面影响
讲解固定搭配 have a negative effect on sth，写作中常用于讨论影响。
搭配have a negative effect on, negative impact
近义adverse effect, harmful impact
反义positive effect
派生negatively (adv.)
Excessive screen time has a negative effect on children's eyesight and sleep.
过多的屏幕时间对儿童的视力和睡眠有负面影响。
24break down into
分解成…
讲解表示某物被分解为更小的部分，常用主动或被动 break down into。
搭配break down into parts, break down food
近义decompose into, split into
反义build up
派生breakdown (n.)
Bacteria break down into simpler substances the food waste in the soil.
细菌将土壤中的食物残渣分解成更简单的物质。
25launch a campaign
发起活动
讲解动宾搭配，多指官方或有组织的宣传、环保、健康等运动，也可说 launch a campaign against sth
搭配launch a campaign for/against, launch an advertising campaign
近义start a campaign, initiate a campaign, kick off a campaign
派生campaigner (n. 活动人士)
The government plans to launch a campaign to encourage citizens to recycle household waste.
政府计划发起一场鼓励市民回收生活垃圾的活动。
26profound impact
深远影响
讲解常与 have/make 连用，后接 on，语气比 big impact 更正式，适合雅思写作
搭配have a profound impact on, make a profound impact, profound effect
近义far-reaching impact, significant impact, deep influence
反义negligible impact, minimal effect
派生profoundly (adv. 深刻地)
The new policy had a profound impact on the way small businesses operate.
新政策对小企业的运营方式产生了深远影响。
27corporate culture
企业文化
讲解商务与管理类高频词，指公司内部共享的价值观与行为方式，写作中常与 foster/build 搭配
搭配build a corporate culture, shape corporate culture, a strong corporate culture
近义company culture, organizational culture, workplace culture
派生corporate (adj. 公司的)
A strong corporate culture can attract talented employees and boost productivity.
良好的企业文化能吸引优秀员工并提高生产力。
28turbine blade
涡轮叶片
讲解能源与工程类术语，turbine 指涡轮机，blade 指叶片，常见于风能、航空话题
搭配wind turbine blade, turbine blade design, replace a turbine blade
近义rotor blade
派生turbine (n. 涡轮机)
Engineers inspect each turbine blade carefully to prevent cracks in the wind farm.
工程师仔细检查每一片涡轮叶片，以防止风力发电场出现裂缝。
29be incentivised to
受到激励
讲解被动结构，后接 to do，英式拼写为 incentivised，美式为 incentivized
搭配be incentivised to do sth, financially incentivised, incentivise sb to do
近义be motivated to, be encouraged to, be driven to
反义be discouraged from, be deterred from
派生incentive (n. 激励), incentivise (v. 激励)
Employees are incentivised to work harder when bonuses are linked to performance.
当奖金与业绩挂钩时，员工会受到激励而更加努力工作。
30full-time job
全职工作
讲解指每周固定工时的工作，与 part-time job 相对，就业类话题高频
搭配find a full-time job, a full-time job offer, work full-time
近义permanent position, full-time employment
反义part-time job, temporary job
派生full-time (adv. 全职地)
Many graduates struggle to find a full-time job in today's competitive market.
在如今竞争激烈的市场中，许多毕业生难以找到一份全职工作。
31meteorological menace
气象威胁
讲解用于描述极端天气、气候变化带来的危险，雅思环境类写作常用。
记忆menace 源自拉丁语 minacia，意为威胁；meteorological 指气象的。
搭配meteorological menace to, pose a menace, growing menace
近义weather threat, climatic danger, environmental hazard
派生menacing (adj.) 威胁的
Rising sea levels pose a meteorological menace to low-lying island nations.
海平面上升对低洼岛国构成气象威胁。
32extra-terrestrial intelligence
外星人
讲解天文学与科幻语境常用，指地球以外的智慧生命，雅思阅读科普类常见。
记忆extra- 表示以外，terrestrial 源自拉丁语 terra 大地，合起来即地球之外。
搭配search for extra-terrestrial intelligence, contact with extra-terrestrial intelligence
近义alien intelligence, extraterrestrial life
派生extraterrestrial (n./adj.) 外星生物/地外的
Scientists have long searched for extra-terrestrial intelligence beyond our solar system.
科学家长期以来一直在太阳系外寻找外星智慧生命。
33nutritional food labelling
食品营养标签
讲解健康与消费类话题高频，讨论食品政策、公共健康时常出现。
记忆nutrition 营养 + label 标签，labelling 为动名词形式。
搭配clear nutritional food labelling, mandatory nutritional food labelling
近义food nutrition labels, dietary information labelling
派生label (v.) 贴标签
Clear nutritional food labelling helps consumers make healthier dietary choices.
清晰的食品营养标签有助于消费者做出更健康的饮食选择。
34aid digestion
帮助消化
讲解健康饮食类话题常用，aid 作动词表示帮助、促进。
记忆aid 与 help 同义，digestion 源自 digest 消化。
搭配aid digestion, promote digestion, improve digestion
近义facilitate digestion, assist digestion
反义hinder digestion
Fibre-rich vegetables and whole grains can aid digestion and prevent constipation.
富含纤维的蔬菜和全谷物有助于消化并预防便秘。
35underlying presuppositions
潜在假设
讲解学术写作高频，指未明说却支撑论点的前提，常用于批判性分析。
记忆underlying 潜在的 + presupposition 预设，pre- 表示预先。
搭配challenge underlying presuppositions, examine underlying presuppositions
近义hidden assumptions, implicit premises
派生presuppose (v.) 预先假定
Researchers must question the underlying presuppositions before drawing any conclusions.
研究者在得出结论前必须质疑潜在的假设。
36perennial grass
多年生牧草
讲解农业与生态类话题常用，perennial 指多年生的，与 annual 一年生相对。
记忆perennial 源自拉丁语 per 贯穿 + annus 年，即贯穿多年。
搭配perennial grass species, plant perennial grass
近义long-lived grass, permanent pasture grass
反义annual grass
Perennial grass roots survive winter and regrow, making them ideal for sustainable farming.
多年生牧草的根系能越冬并重新生长，因此非常适合可持续农业。
37playful activities
游戏活动
讲解指以娱乐、趣味为核心的活动，常用于教育、儿童发展类话题，作主语或宾语。
搭配playful activities for children; engage in playful activities; a range of playful activities
近义fun activities; recreational activities; games
反义serious tasks; formal instruction
Teachers often use playful activities to help young children learn new words effortlessly.
老师常用游戏活动帮助幼儿轻松学习新单词。
38intrinsic interest
内在吸引力
讲解强调发自内心的兴趣，与外在奖励相对，常用于教育、心理学写作，作主语或宾语。
搭配develop an intrinsic interest; intrinsic interest in learning; arouse intrinsic interest
近义inner motivation; genuine curiosity; inherent appeal
反义extrinsic motivation; external reward
Students learn best when they feel an intrinsic interest in the subject rather than external pressure.
当学生对学科本身产生内在兴趣而非受外部压力时，学习效果最好。
39foregone conclusion
预料中的结局
讲解指事先就已成定局、毫无悬念的结果，常与 seem、be 连用，正式书面语。
搭配a foregone conclusion that; seem a foregone conclusion; treat sth as a foregone conclusion
近义an inevitable outcome; a certainty; a done deal
反义an open question; an uncertain result
Given the team's poor record, their defeat in the final seemed a foregone conclusion.
鉴于该队战绩糟糕，他们在决赛中落败似乎是预料之中的结局。
40catch the attention of
引起…的注意
讲解表示成功引起某人关注，比 attract attention 更强调瞬间抓住注意力，后接 of 引出对象。
搭配catch the attention of the public; catch sb's attention; catch the eye of
近义attract the attention of; draw the attention of; grab the attention of
反义lose the attention of; escape sb's notice
The vivid advertisement quickly caught the attention of passers-by on the busy street.
这则生动的广告很快吸引了繁忙街道上行人的注意。
41overall tourism expenditure
旅游总支出
讲解指某地区或国家旅游相关消费的总金额，常用于图表、经济类写作，作主语或宾语。
搭配overall tourism expenditure on; a rise in overall tourism expenditure; total tourism spending
近义total tourist spending; aggregate travel expenditure
派生tourism expenditure; tourist expenditure
Overall tourism expenditure rose sharply last year, reflecting the recovery of the travel industry.
去年旅游总支出大幅上升，反映出旅游业的复苏。
42be incorporated into
把…合并；使并入
讲解常用被动式 be incorporated into，表示把某事物并入更大的整体，正式书面语。
搭配be incorporated into a system; incorporate sth into sth; fully incorporated into
近义be integrated into; be merged into; be absorbed into
反义be excluded from; be separated from
派生incorporate; incorporation; incorporated
New safety measures will be incorporated into the company's existing training programme next month.
新的安全措施将于下月被纳入公司现有的培训计划中。
43local architect
当地建筑师
讲解指某地区从业的建筑师，常与设计、规划搭配，雅思建筑/城市类话题可用
搭配local architect firm, hire a local architect, local architect's design
近义regional architect, resident architect
派生architecture, architectural, architecturally
The local architect designed a library that blends modern style with traditional culture.
这位当地建筑师设计了一座将现代风格与传统文化融合的图书馆。
44extinct species
灭绝的物种
讲解指已灭绝的物种，常与保护、濒危话题连用，注意 extinct 强调“已灭绝”而非“濒危”
搭配become extinct, extinct species list, protect extinct-related habitats
近义vanished species, died-out species
反义living species, extant species
派生extinction, extinctive
Many extinct species disappeared because of habitat loss and human hunting.
许多灭绝的物种因栖息地丧失和人类捕猎而消失。
45at some time or other
迟早，某个时刻，总有一天
讲解表示“迟早、总有某个时候”，语气比 sometimes 更强调不确定的将来或过去某刻
搭配at some time or other in life, happen at some time or other
近义sooner or later, at some point
反义never, at no time
At some time or other, most people wonder whether they have chosen the right career.
大多数人总会在某个时刻怀疑自己是否选对了职业。
46stone lid
石盖
讲解指用石头制成的盖子，常见于考古、历史、建筑场景，描述具体物件时使用
搭配heavy stone lid, lift the stone lid, carved stone lid
近义stone cover, rock cover
反义open container, uncovered box
Archaeologists carefully lifted the stone lid to reveal the ancient tomb below.
考古学家小心地抬起石盖，露出下面的古墓。
47nature reserve
自然保护区
讲解指为保护野生动植物而划定的区域，雅思环境类高频，常与 protect、establish 连用
搭配establish a nature reserve, wildlife nature reserve, visit a nature reserve
近义wildlife sanctuary, conservation area
派生reservation, reserve, reserved
The nature reserve protects rare birds and offers visitors a peaceful walking route.
这个自然保护区保护稀有鸟类，并为游客提供一条安静的步行路线。
48memorable conclusion
令人印象深刻的结论
讲解指结尾有力、令人记住的结论，适合雅思写作评价文章结尾或演讲收束
搭配reach a memorable conclusion, draw a memorable conclusion, end with a memorable conclusion
近义striking conclusion, powerful ending
反义forgettable conclusion, weak ending
The essay reached a memorable conclusion that left readers thinking about the issue.
这篇文章得出了一个令人印象深刻的结论，让读者继续思考这个问题。
49ocean floor
海底
讲解指海洋底部区域，常用于自然环境、地理、生物类雅思阅读与写作话题
搭配the deep ocean floor, on the ocean floor, explore the ocean floor
近义seabed, sea floor, bottom of the sea
派生ocean-floor (作定语)
Scientists have discovered new species living on the deep ocean floor.
科学家们发现了生活在深海海底的新物种。
50commonplace knowledge
常识
讲解表示被普遍接受、无需证明的知识，语气比 common sense 更书面
搭配it is commonplace knowledge that..., regard sth as commonplace knowledge
近义common sense, general knowledge, widely known fact
反义specialist knowledge, esoteric knowledge
It is commonplace knowledge that regular exercise benefits both body and mind.
定期锻炼对身心都有益，这是常识。
51stroll around
漫步于
讲解强调悠闲、无目的地走动，常与地点名词搭配，适合旅游类口语描述
搭配stroll around the park, stroll around the streets, take a stroll around
近义wander around, roam around, walk leisurely around
反义rush through, dash around
Tourists love to stroll around the old town and admire its ancient architecture.
游客们喜欢在老城区漫步，欣赏古老的建筑。
52intrinsic motivation need
内在激励需求
讲解指源自内心的学习或行动驱动力，常用于教育、心理类雅思写作论证
搭配satisfy the intrinsic motivation need, fulfil the intrinsic motivation need, a strong intrinsic motivation need
近义inner drive, internal motivation
反义extrinsic motivation, external pressure
Teachers should foster students' intrinsic motivation need rather than rely on rewards.
教师应培养学生的内在激励需求，而不是依赖奖励。
53attribute to
归因于；归功于
讲解表示把某结果的原因归于某事物，常用 attribute A to B 结构，注意介词 to
搭配attribute sth to sth, be attributed to, attribute success to hard work
近义ascribe to, put down to, credit to
派生attribution (n.), attributable (adj.)
Many researchers attribute the rise in obesity to unhealthy diets and sedentary lifestyles.
许多研究者将肥胖率的上升归因于不健康饮食和久坐的生活方式。
54historical interest
历史古迹
讲解指具有历史价值的遗迹或地点，常用于旅游、文化遗产类话题
搭配a place of historical interest, sites of historical interest, visit historical interest
近义historical site, heritage site, place of historic interest
派生historic (adj.), historian (n.)
The city is famous for its historical interest, attracting thousands of visitors yearly.
这座城市以其历史古迹闻名，每年吸引成千上万的游客。
55make effort to
努力做
讲解常与every/great/an等限定词连用，make an effort to do表示付出努力去做某事
记忆联想：effort源于拉丁语，意为“用力”，make effort就是“使力”
搭配make every effort to, make a great effort, make an effort to do sth
近义strive to, endeavor to, attempt to
反义give up, neglect
派生effortless, effortlessly
Governments should make every effort to reduce carbon emissions in the coming decades.
各国政府应在未来几十年尽一切努力减少碳排放。
56principal culprit
罪魁祸首
讲解principal意为“主要的”，culprit指“肇事者”，搭配常指某问题的根本原因
记忆culprit源自拉丁语culpa（过错），联想“有罪的人”
搭配the principal culprit behind, the main culprit for, identify the culprit
近义main cause, chief offender, primary source
反义solution, remedy
派生culpable, culpability
Overconsumption of fossil fuels is the principal culprit behind global warming.
化石燃料的过度消耗是导致全球变暖的罪魁祸首。
57be entrenched in
根深蒂固
讲解be entrenched in表示观念、习惯等深深扎根于某处，常用于被动语态
记忆联想：entrench本义是“挖战壕”，引申为“牢固确立”
搭配be deeply entrenched in, remain entrenched in, become entrenched
近义be rooted in, be ingrained in, be embedded in
反义be eradicated, be uprooted
派生entrenchment
Gender stereotypes remain deeply entrenched in many traditional societies today.
性别刻板印象在当今许多传统社会中仍根深蒂固。
58come upon
偶然碰到(或发现)
讲解come upon强调偶然遇见或发现，比come across稍正式，多用于书面语
记忆联想：upon表示“在……之上”，突然落在眼前就是“偶然碰到”
搭配come upon a discovery, come upon an idea, chance upon
近义come across, stumble upon, run into
派生comeuppance（无关联想，注意区分）
While hiking in the forest, she came upon a rare species of orchid.
在森林徒步时，她偶然发现了一种稀有的兰花品种。
59wean sb. off
使某人逐渐戒除…
讲解wean sb. off sth.表示使某人逐渐戒除某种依赖，常用于习惯或成瘾行为
记忆联想：wean原指给婴儿断奶，引申为“戒除依赖”
搭配wean sb. off drugs, wean oneself off, wean away from
近义break the habit of, give up gradually, detach from
反义become addicted to, depend on
派生weaning
Doctors advised him to wean himself off caffeine gradually over several weeks.
医生建议他在几周内逐渐戒掉咖啡因。
60modern glider
现代滑翔机
讲解glider指无动力滑翔机，modern glider常用于科技或航空类话题
记忆联想：glide（滑行）+ er（物）→ 滑行的物体
搭配modern glider design, fly a glider, hang glider
近义sailplane, hang glider
派生glide, gliding
The modern glider can stay aloft for hours using only rising air currents.
现代滑翔机仅靠上升气流就能在空中停留数小时。