1 / 102 句0 词已学
1Chinese
语文
讲解作“语文”解时首字母大写，指中国语文课程；作“中文、汉语”解时指语言，注意语境区分。
记忆Chinese 由 China + -ese（……的、……人/语）构成，类似 Japanese、Vietnamese。
搭配Chinese class, Chinese literature, Chinese language, study Chinese
近义Mandarin, the Chinese language
派生China（中国）, Chinatown（唐人街）
Chinese is a compulsory subject for all students in Chinese high schools.
语文是中国所有高中学生的必修科目。
2English
英语
讲解作学科名时首字母大写，不加冠词；泛指语言本身时可小写
搭配speak English, English literature, in English
近义the English language, British English
派生Englishman, English-speaking
Learning English well opens many doors for students who want to study abroad.
学好英语为想要出国留学的学生打开了许多扇门。
3Japanese
日语
讲解作语言或国民讲时首字母大写；作形容词表「日本的」
搭配speak Japanese, Japanese culture, the Japanese
近义the Japanese language, Nihongo
派生Japanese-speaking, Japan
She has studied Japanese for three years and can read simple novels.
她学日语已经三年了，能读简单的小说。
4mathematics
数学
讲解不可数名词，谓语用单数；口语常缩略为 maths/math
搭配applied mathematics, pure mathematics, a degree in mathematics
近义maths, math
派生mathematical, mathematician
Mathematics is a compulsory subject for most science students at university.
数学是大多数理科生大学里的必修课。
5arithmetic
算术
讲解不可数名词，指加减乘除等基本运算，比 mathematics 范围窄
搭配mental arithmetic, basic arithmetic, do arithmetic
近义calculation, computation
派生arithmetic(al), arithmetically
Young children learn basic arithmetic before they study algebra at school.
孩子们在学校学代数之前先学基础算术。
6science
理科
讲解泛指「科学」时不可数；指具体学科门类时可作可数名词
搭配science and technology, a science subject, scientific research
近义scientific study, natural philosophy
派生scientist, scientific, scientifically
Modern science depends heavily on experiments and careful observation of data.
现代科学在很大程度上依赖实验和对数据的仔细观察。
7gymnastics
体育
讲解作运动项目时不可数；指体操动作或训练课可作可数名词
搭配do gymnastics, a gymnastics competition, rhythmic gymnastics
近义physical exercise, tumbling
派生gymnast, gymnastic
Regular gymnastics helps children improve their balance, strength and flexibility.
经常做体操有助于孩子提高平衡力、力量和柔韧性。
8history
历史
讲解不可数名词，指历史学科或过去事件的总称，前一般不加冠词
搭配study history / world history / a sense of history
近义the past / historical record
派生historian 历史学家 / historic 有历史意义的 / historical 历史的
Studying history helps us understand how past decisions shape today's societies.
学习历史帮助我们理解过去的决定如何塑造当今社会。
9algebra
代数
讲解不可数名词，指代数学分支，常与 linear、basic 等词搭配
记忆源自阿拉伯语 al-jabr，意为「还原」，与「代数移项」相通
搭配linear algebra / elementary algebra / solve an algebra problem
派生algebraic 代数的 / algebraically 用代数方法地
Many students find algebra difficult because it requires abstract thinking about symbols.
许多学生觉得代数很难，因为它需要对符号进行抽象思考。
10geometry
几何
讲解不可数名词，指研究形状、大小和空间关系的数学分支
记忆geo-（土地）+ metry（测量），即「测量土地」，源于古埃及丈量田地
搭配plane geometry / solid geometry / Euclidean geometry
派生geometric 几何的 / geometrically 几何上地 / geometrician 几何学家
Geometry teaches us how to calculate the area and volume of different shapes.
几何学教会我们如何计算不同形状的面积和体积。
11geography
地理
讲解不可数名词；指某地区的地形地貌时也可作可数，如 the geography of the region
记忆geo-（地球）+ graphy（书写、描述），即「描述地球」
搭配physical geography / human geography / economic geography
派生geographer 地理学家 / geographical 地理的 / geographically 地理上地
Geography lessons often involve reading maps and analysing climate patterns.
地理课常常涉及读地图和分析气候模式。
12biology
生物
讲解不可数名词，指研究生命有机体的科学；marine biology 等分支前可加修饰语
记忆bio-（生命）+ -logy（学科），即「研究生命的学科」
搭配molecular biology / marine biology / a degree in biology
派生biologist 生物学家 / biological 生物的 / biologically 生物学上地
Advances in biology have led to new treatments for many serious diseases.
生物学的进步为许多严重疾病带来了新的治疗方法。
13chemistry
化学
讲解不可数名词，指研究物质组成与变化的科学；指化学性质时可作可数复数 chemistries
记忆chem-（与炼金术 alchemy 同源）+ -istry（学科后缀）
搭配organic chemistry / analytical chemistry / a chemistry lab
派生chemist 化学家、药剂师 / chemical 化学的、化学品 / chemically 化学上地
She studied chemistry at university and now works in a pharmaceutical laboratory.
她在大学学习化学，现在在一家制药实验室工作。
14physics
物理
讲解不可数名词，指物理学这门学科，前不加冠词；作主语时谓语用单数。
记忆源自希腊语 physis（自然），物理即研究自然规律之学。
搭配study physics, a physics degree, theoretical physics, nuclear physics
近义natural science, physical science
派生physicist 物理学家, physical 物理的
反义无
She decided to study physics at university because she was fascinated by how the universe works.
她决定在大学学习物理，因为她对宇宙的运作方式着迷。
15physical geography
自然地理
讲解不可数名词，指地理学中研究自然环境的 branch，与 human geography 相对。
记忆physical（自然的）+ geography（地理学），即研究自然地貌的部分。
搭配study physical geography, a physical geography course
近义natural geography, geomorphology
派生geographer 地理学家, geographical 地理的
反义human geography 人文地理
Physical geography examines how rivers, mountains and climate shape the surface of the Earth.
自然地理学研究河流、山脉和气候如何塑造地球表面。
16literature
文学
讲解不可数名词，指文学或文学作品总称；泛指某类作品时可用 the literature on/of。
记忆源自拉丁语 littera（字母），由字母组成的东西即文学作品。
搭配English literature, classic literature, a work of literature
近义writing, literary works
派生literary 文学的, literate 有读写能力的
反义无
Reading classic literature helps students understand the values of different historical periods.
阅读经典文学帮助学生理解不同历史时期的价值观。
17sociology
社会学
讲解不可数名词，指研究社会与人类群体的学科，作主语时谓语用单数。
记忆socio-（社会）+ -logy（学科），即研究社会的学问。
搭配study sociology, urban sociology, a sociology professor
近义social science, social studies
派生sociologist 社会学家, social 社会的
反义无
Sociology explores how social structures and culture influence people's everyday behaviour.
社会学探讨社会结构和文化如何影响人们的日常行为。
18psychology
心理学
讲解不可数名词，指心理学；也可指某人的心理状态，如 the psychology of voters。
记忆psycho-（心灵、精神）+ -logy（学科），即研究心理的学问。
搭配child psychology, clinical psychology, study psychology
近义behavioural science, mental science
派生psychologist 心理学家, psychological 心理的
反义无
Psychology investigates why people think, feel and act the way they do in different situations.
心理学研究人们在不同情境下为何会以某种方式思考、感受和行动。
19philosophy
哲学
讲解不可数名词，指哲学这门学科；也可指某套人生准则，如 my philosophy of life。
记忆源自希腊语 philosophia，philo-（爱）+ sophia（智慧），即爱智慧。
搭配moral philosophy, ancient philosophy, a philosophy of life
近义thought, ideology, worldview
派生philosopher 哲学家, philosophical 哲学的
反义无
Philosophy encourages us to question assumptions about knowledge, morality and existence.
哲学鼓励我们质疑关于知识、道德和存在的种种假设。
20engineering
工程学
讲解作不可数名词，泛指工程学这一学科；具体分支前常加修饰语，如 civil engineering。
搭配civil engineering, electrical engineering, study engineering
近义technology, applied science
派生engineer n. 工程师；engineering 本身即由 engineer 派生
She decided to study engineering because she enjoyed solving practical problems in physics.
她决定学习工程学，因为她喜欢解决物理学中的实际问题。
21mechanical engineering
机械工程学
讲解指研究机械系统设计与制造的工程分支，作不可数名词，前面一般不加冠词。
搭配mechanical engineering degree, department of mechanical engineering
近义machine design, mechanical technology
派生mechanical engineer n. 机械工程师
Mechanical engineering graduates are in high demand in the automotive and aerospace industries.
机械工程学毕业生在汽车和航空航天行业需求很大。
22electronic engineering
电子工程学
讲解侧重电子器件、电路与信号处理，注意与 electrical engineering（电力工程）区分。
搭配electronic engineering course, electronic engineering student
近义electronics engineering, circuit design
派生electronic engineer n. 电子工程师
He chose electronic engineering because he wanted to design circuits and communication devices.
他选择电子工程学，因为他想设计电路和通信设备。
23medicine
医学
讲解通常作不可数名词；表“药物”时可作可数名词，如 take a medicine。
搭配modern medicine, study medicine, take medicine
近义medical science, healthcare
派生medical adj. 医学的；medication n. 药物治疗
Modern medicine has greatly extended human life expectancy over the past century.
现代医学在过去一个世纪里大大延长了人类预期寿命。
24social science
社会科学
讲解泛指社会科学时不可数；指具体学科（如社会学、经济学）时可说 a social science。
搭配social science research, social science student, faculty of social sciences
近义humanities, social studies
派生social scientist n. 社会科学家
Social science research helps governments understand how people behave in different communities.
社会科学研究帮助政府了解人们在不同社区中的行为方式。
25agriculture
农学
讲解不可数名词，指农业这一产业或学科；作学科义时常见于 university 的 faculty of agriculture。
搭配sustainable agriculture, department of agriculture, practice agriculture
近义farming, cultivation
派生agricultural adj. 农业的；agriculturist n. 农学家
Agriculture remains the main source of income for many families in rural areas.
农业仍然是许多农村地区家庭的主要收入来源。
26horticulture
园艺(学)
讲解指园艺学或园艺业，强调栽培花木果蔬的技艺与科学，比 gardening 更正式。
记忆horti(花园)+culture(耕作)，即花园里的耕作。
搭配study horticulture, horticulture industry, ornamental horticulture
近义gardening, cultivation, floriculture
派生horticultural, horticulturist
She studied horticulture and now grows rare orchids in a large greenhouse.
她学的是园艺学，现在在一个大温室里种植珍稀兰花。
27astronomy
天文学
讲解不可数名词，指天文学；天文学家是 astronomer，注意与 astrology 占星术区分。
记忆astro(星星)+nomy(法则)，即研究星辰规律之学。
搭配study astronomy, radio astronomy, a degree in astronomy
近义astrophysics, cosmology, stargazing
派生astronomer, astronomical
Astronomy helps us understand how stars, planets and galaxies formed over billions of years.
天文学帮助我们理解恒星、行星和星系在数十亿年间是如何形成的。
28economics
经济学
讲解指经济学，作学科时不可数；指经济状况时用 the economy，别混用。
记忆eco(家、环境)+nom(管理)+ics(学科)，即管理家庭财富之学。
搭配study economics, applied economics, economics degree
近义economic science, political economy
派生economist, economic, economical
She majored in economics because she wanted to understand how markets and policies interact.
她主修经济学，因为她想了解市场与政策如何相互作用。
29politics
政治学
讲解作学科或政治活动时视为不可数，谓语常用单数；指政治观点时可作复数。
记忆polit(城市、国家)+ics(学科)，即研究城邦治理之学。
搭配study politics, party politics, office politics
近义political science, government, statecraft
派生political, politician, politicize
Politics is a popular subject, but it often sparks heated debates among students.
政治学是一门热门学科，但常在学生中引发激烈争论。
30commercial science
商学
讲解指商学，涵盖会计、金融、营销等；英美更常说 business studies 或 business。
记忆commercial(商业的)+science(学问)，即研究商业运作的学问。
搭配study commercial science, commercial science degree, commercial law
近义business studies, business administration, commerce
派生commercial, commerce, commercialize
He chose commercial science to learn accounting, marketing and business management skills.
他选择商学，以学习会计、市场营销和企业管理技能。
31biochemistry
生物化学
讲解不可数名词，研究生命体内化学过程的学科；常与 molecular biology 并列出现。
记忆bio(生命)+chemistry(化学)，即研究生命体内的化学。
搭配study biochemistry, clinical biochemistry, biochemistry lab
近义molecular biology, chemical biology
派生biochemist, biochemical
Biochemistry explains how proteins and enzymes control chemical reactions inside living cells.
生物化学解释了蛋白质和酶如何控制活细胞内的化学反应。
32microbiology
微生物学
讲解学科名词，不可数，指研究微生物的学科，雅思阅读/听力学术场景高频。
记忆micro(微小)+bio(生命)+logy(学科)=研究微小生命的学科。
搭配study microbiology, a degree in microbiology, microbiology lab
派生microbiologist 微生物学家, microbiological 微生物学的
She chose to study microbiology because she wanted to understand how bacteria affect human health.
她选择学习微生物学，因为她想了解细菌如何影响人类健康。
33anthropology
人类学
讲解不可数名词，研究人类起源、文化与社会，雅思写作社会文化话题常用。
记忆anthropo(人类)+logy(学科)=研究人类的学科。
搭配cultural anthropology, social anthropology, study anthropology
派生anthropologist 人类学家, anthropological 人类学的
Anthropology helps us understand how different cultures have developed over thousands of years.
人类学帮助我们理解不同文化在数千年间是如何发展的。
34linguistics
语言学
讲解不可数名词，研究语言本质与结构，注意与 learning languages 区分。
记忆lingu(舌头/语言)+istics(学科)=关于语言的学问。
搭配applied linguistics, theoretical linguistics, a linguistics degree
派生linguist 语言学家, linguistic 语言的
Studying linguistics allows students to analyse how language shapes the way people think.
学习语言学使学生能够分析语言如何塑造人们的思维方式。
35accounting
会计学
讲解不可数名词，指会计学科或会计工作；注意 accountant 才是会计师。
记忆account(账目)+ing=处理账目的学问。
搭配study accounting, accounting firm, accounting principles
派生accountant 会计师, accountable 有责任的
He decided to major in accounting because he enjoyed working with numbers and financial data.
他决定主修会计学，因为他喜欢与数字和财务数据打交道。
36law / jurisprudence
法学
讲解law 泛指法律/法学，jurisprudence 更正式，指法理学或法律体系。
记忆jur(法律)+prudence(审慎)=对法律的审慎研究，即法学。
搭配study law, a law degree, legal jurisprudence
近义legal studies, legal science
派生lawyer 律师, juridical 司法的
She studied law at university and later specialised in international human rights jurisprudence.
她在大学学习法学，后来专攻国际人权法理学。
37banking
银行学
讲解不可数名词，指银行学或银行业务，雅思商科与经济类话题常见。
记忆bank(银行)+ing=与银行相关的业务与学问。
搭配investment banking, retail banking, a career in banking
派生banker 银行家, bankable 可获利的
A degree in banking prepares graduates for careers in investment and commercial finance.
银行学学位为毕业生从事投资和商业金融职业做好准备。
38metallurgy
冶金学
讲解metallurgy 为不可数名词，指金属提炼与加工的科学，常见于理工科语境
记忆词根 metall（金属）+ urgy（加工术），如 metallurgical 冶金的
搭配extract metals, alloy production, metallurgical engineer
近义metal science, metal processing
派生metallurgical, metallurgist
She studied metallurgy at university and now works for a leading steel company.
她在大学学习冶金学，现在在一家领先的钢铁公司工作。
39finance
财政学
讲解finance 既指财政学/金融学，也指资金管理，作学科时不可数
记忆联想 fine（精细）→ 精细管理钱财 → 财政
搭配public finance, corporate finance, finance minister
近义financial studies, money management
派生financial, financier, financing
He decided to study finance because he wanted to work in international banking.
他决定学习财政学，因为他想从事国际银行业工作。
40mass-communication
大众传播学
讲解mass communication 指面向大众的信息传播研究，常作不可数，也可说 mass media
记忆mass（大众）+ communication（传播）→ 面向大众的传播
搭配mass media, communication studies, audience research
近义media studies, public communication
派生mass communicator, communicate
Mass communication has changed dramatically since the rise of social media platforms.
自社交媒体平台兴起以来，大众传播发生了巨大变化。
41journalism
新闻学
讲解journalism 指新闻采访、写作与报道的学科或行业，为不可数名词
记忆由 journal（期刊）+ ism（学科/主义）构成
搭配investigative journalism, citizen journalism, journalism ethics
近义news reporting, the press
派生journalist, journalistic
She chose journalism as her major because she loves investigating social issues.
她选择新闻学作为专业，因为她喜欢调查社会问题。
42atomic energy
原子能学
讲解atomic energy 常与 nuclear energy 同义，指核能，多用于能源与科技话题
记忆atom（原子）+ ic（形容词后缀）+ energy（能量）
搭配nuclear power, atomic energy plant, clean energy
近义nuclear energy, nuclear power
派生atomic, atom, nuclear
Atomic energy can provide large amounts of electricity without burning fossil fuels.
原子能可以在不燃烧化石燃料的情况下提供大量电力。
43civil engineering
土木工程
讲解civil engineering 指设计建造道路、桥梁、建筑等公共设施的工程学科
记忆civil（民用的）+ engineering（工程学）→ 民用工程
搭配civil engineer, infrastructure project, structural design
近义construction engineering, infrastructure engineering
派生civil engineer, engineer, engineering
Civil engineering projects such as bridges and dams require careful planning and design.
桥梁和水坝等土木工程项目需要仔细的规划和设计。
44architecture
建筑学
讲解作不可数名词指建筑学；作可数名词指建筑风格或架构，如 computer architecture
搭配study architecture, modern architecture, school of architecture
近义building design, architectural science
派生architect 建筑师, architectural 建筑的
She decided to study architecture because she was fascinated by the design of ancient buildings.
她决定学习建筑学，因为她对古代建筑的设计着迷。
45chemical engineering
化学工程
讲解指用化学、物理原理设计工业流程的工程学科，常与石油、制药、材料行业相关
搭配chemical engineering degree, process engineering, petroleum engineering
近义process engineering
派生chemical engineer 化学工程师
Chemical engineering combines chemistry and physics to design processes that turn raw materials into useful products.
化学工程结合化学和物理学来设计将原材料转化为有用产品的工艺过程。
46accounting and statistics
会计统计
讲解accounting 侧重财务记录与报告，statistics 侧重数据收集与分析，两者常合并为一个专业方向
搭配major in accounting, accounting and statistics degree, financial reporting
近义finance and data analysis
派生accountant 会计师, statistician 统计学家
She chose to major in accounting and statistics to pursue a career in financial analysis.
她选择主修会计统计，以从事财务分析方面的职业。
47business administration
工商管理
讲解指研究企业管理、市场、财务等综合知识的学科，常见缩写为 BBA 或 MBA
搭配business administration degree, Master of Business Administration (MBA)
近义management studies, business management
派生business administrator 工商管理人员
He earned a degree in business administration before starting his own company.
他在创办自己的公司之前获得了工商管理学位。
48library
图书馆学
讲解指图书馆学这一学科时常用 library science；单说 library 多指图书馆这一场所，需结合语境判断
搭配library science, school library, public library
近义information science, librarianship
派生librarian 图书管理员
Library science teaches students how to organize and manage information resources effectively.
图书馆学教学生如何有效地组织和管理信息资源。
49graphology
笔迹学，笔相学
讲解指通过笔迹分析推断性格或身份的研究，属伪科学争议领域，多用于犯罪侦查语境
搭配forensic graphology, analyze handwriting
近义handwriting analysis
派生graphologist 笔迹学家, graphological 笔迹学的
Graphology is sometimes used in criminal investigations to analyze a suspect's handwriting.
笔迹学有时被用于刑事调查中，以分析嫌疑人的笔迹。
50diplomacy
外交
讲解指国家间交涉与谈判的学问或活动，也可指交际手腕，如 international diplomacy。
搭配conduct diplomacy, diplomacy skills, international diplomacy
近义statecraft, foreign relations, tact
派生diplomat, diplomatic, diplomatically
She studied diplomacy in Geneva and later joined the foreign service.
她在日内瓦学习外交，后来加入了外交部门。
51foreign language
外文
讲解泛指母语以外的语言；雅思写作常与 globalisation、cultural exchange 搭配论证。
搭配learn a foreign language, speak a foreign language, foreign language skills
近义second language, non-native language
派生foreign-language learner
Learning a foreign language broadens your horizons and boosts career prospects.
学习一门外语能开阔视野，并提升职业前景。
52major
主修
讲解作动词用 major in sth 表主修某专业；作名词指主修专业，也可作形容词 major subject。
搭配major in, a major in law, major subject
近义specialise in, concentrate on
反义minor in
派生majority, majorly
He decided to major in economics because he wanted a career in finance.
他决定主修经济学，因为他想从事金融行业。
53minor
辅修
讲解动词结构为 minor in sth，表辅修；名词 a minor 即辅修专业，与 major 相对。
搭配minor in, a minor in history, minor subject
近义take as a secondary subject
反义major in
派生minority, minorly
She chose to minor in statistics to support her main degree in biology.
她选择辅修统计学，以支撑她的生物学主修学位。
54illiterate
文盲
讲解指不会读写的；也引申为对某领域一无所知，如 computer illiterate。
搭配functionally illiterate, computer illiterate, illiterate adults
近义unlettered, uneducated
反义literate, educated
派生illiteracy, illiterately
Millions of adults remain illiterate, which limits their job opportunities.
数百万成年人仍是文盲，这限制了他们的就业机会。
55discipline
学科，纪律
讲解既可指学科领域，也可指纪律或自律；雅思中 academic discipline 与 self-discipline 都常见。
搭配academic discipline, self-discipline, enforce discipline
近义field, subject, self-control
派生disciplinary, disciplined, interdisciplinary
Economics is a demanding discipline that requires both maths and clear writing.
经济学是一门要求很高的学科，既需要数学也需要清晰的写作能力。
56terminology
术语；术语学
讲解学术语境中常指某一领域的专业术语体系，也可指术语学这门学科
搭配technical terminology, legal terminology, medical terminology
近义jargon, nomenclature, vocabulary
派生terminological, terminologist
Medical students must master a great deal of specialized terminology before they can read research papers.
医学生在能读懂研究论文之前，必须掌握大量专业术语。
57dean (
大学)教务长，院长
讲解大学里指学院院长或教务长，负责学术与行政事务，注意与校长区分
搭配faculty dean, dean of students, dean of the school
近义head of faculty, academic head
派生deanship
The dean of the faculty announced a new research grant for postgraduate students.
该学院院长宣布了一项面向研究生的新研究资助。
58headmaster (
中小学)校长
讲解多用于英式英语，指中小学校长；美式英语常用 principal
搭配school headmaster, deputy headmaster, former headmaster
近义principal, school head, head teacher
派生headmastership
The headmaster praised the pupils for their outstanding performance in the national exams.
校长表扬了学生们在全国考试中的出色表现。
59semester
学期
讲解指学年中的半学年，美式常用，英式多用 term，注意搭配介词 in
搭配spring semester, fall semester, first semester
近义term, half-year
派生semester-long
She plans to study abroad for one semester and then return to finish her degree.
她打算出国学习一个学期，然后回来完成学位。
60campus
校园
讲解指大学或学院的校园及周边区域，常与介词 on 连用
搭配on campus, campus life, main campus, campus facilities
近义school grounds, college grounds
派生campus-wide, off-campus
The new library is located at the centre of the university campus.
新图书馆位于大学校园的中心。
61kindergarten
幼儿园
讲解指幼儿教育机构，也可指幼儿园阶段，英式口语常说 nursery school
搭配attend kindergarten, kindergarten teacher, kindergarten education
近义nursery school, preschool, playgroup
派生kindergartener, pre-kindergarten
My nephew started kindergarten last September and has already made many friends.
我侄子去年九月开始上幼儿园，已经交了很多朋友。
62curriculum
课程
讲解可数名词，指学校或专业的全部课程体系；雅思教育类写作常用词。
搭配curriculum design, core curriculum, curriculum reform
近义course of study, program, syllabus
派生curricular (adj.) 课程的，如 extracurricular 课外的
The school has recently revised its curriculum to include more practical courses.
学校最近修订了课程设置，加入了更多实践性课程。
63lecture
演讲，讲课
讲解既可作名词也可作动词；作名词常与 give/deliver/attend 搭配。
搭配give a lecture, attend a lecture, lecture on
近义speech, talk, presentation
反义seminar (研讨课，形式不同)
派生lecturer (n.) 讲师
The professor delivered a fascinating lecture on climate change to hundreds of students.
教授给数百名学生做了一场关于气候变化的精彩讲座。
64syllabus
课程提纲
讲解可数名词，指一门课程的教学大纲，含教学目标、进度与考核方式。
搭配course syllabus, follow the syllabus
近义course outline, program
派生syllabi / syllabuses (复数)
Students should read the syllabus carefully to know the deadlines for each assignment.
学生应仔细阅读课程提纲，以了解每项作业的截止日期。
65calendar
日历；日程
讲解可数名词，既可指日历，也可指日程安排；雅思听力常考日期信息。
搭配academic calendar, calendar year, mark on the calendar
近义schedule, timetable, agenda
Please check the academic calendar to find out when the final exams begin.
请查看校历，了解期末考试何时开始。
66fortnight
两星期，十四天
讲解英式英语常用，等于 two weeks；雅思阅读与听力中偶见，注意拼写。
搭配a fortnight ago, in a fortnight, fortnightly
近义two weeks, fourteen days
派生fortnightly (adj./adv.) 每两周的
The research team spent a fortnight collecting data in the remote mountain village.
研究团队花了两周时间在偏远山村收集数据。
67graph
图，图表，曲线图
讲解可数名词，指用线条、柱状等表示的图表；雅思小作文核心词汇。
搭配line graph, bar graph, draw a graph, show on a graph
近义chart, diagram, figure
派生graphic (adj.) 图表的；graphically (adv.)
The line graph clearly shows how the population changed over the past decade.
这幅折线图清楚地显示了过去十年人口的变化。
68pore over
仔细阅读
讲解pore over 强调专心细读，常与 documents、books、figures 等搭配，比 read 更强调专注。
记忆pore 本义为“毛孔”，联想眼睛贴近书本细看。
搭配pore over documents; pore over books; pore over figures
近义study closely; scrutinize; examine carefully
She spent the whole afternoon poring over historical documents in the library.
她整个下午都在图书馆仔细研读历史文献。
69rectangular
长方形的，矩形的
讲解rectangular 是形容词，用于描述具有矩形形状的物体，常见于数学、建筑和设计语境。
记忆来自 rectangle（长方形）+ -ar（形容词后缀）。
搭配rectangular shape; rectangular area; rectangular table
近义oblong; right-angled
反义circular; square
派生rectangle
The architect designed a rectangular building with large glass windows.
建筑师设计了一栋带大玻璃窗的长方形建筑。
70rectangle
长方形，矩形
讲解rectangle 是名词，指四个角均为直角的四边形，数学几何中的基础图形。
记忆rect-（直）+ angle（角），即“直角图形”。
搭配draw a rectangle; area of a rectangle; a long rectangle
近义oblong
反义circle; triangle
派生rectangular
The teacher asked students to calculate the area of the rectangle.
老师让学生计算这个长方形的面积。
71cube
立方形；立方
讲解cube 可作名词指立方体，也可作动词/名词表示“立方”，如 2 cubed is 8。
记忆联想 Rubik's Cube（魔方）帮助记忆。
搭配ice cube; cube root; a cube of sugar
近义block; solid
派生cubic
The child stacked colorful cubes to build a small tower.
孩子把彩色立方体叠起来搭成一座小塔。
72triangle
三角(形)
讲解triangle 是名词，指三角形；也常用于比喻三角关系，如 love triangle。
记忆tri-（三）+ angle（角），即“三个角”。
搭配equilateral triangle; right triangle; love triangle
近义trigon
派生triangular
The survey results were displayed in a triangle on the chart.
调查结果在图表上以三角形显示。
73ratio
比，比率
讲解ratio 指两数之间的比例关系，常用 the ratio of A to B 结构。
记忆联想 rate（比率），ratio 与 rate 同源，都含“比”的概念。
搭配the ratio of A to B; in the ratio of; a high ratio
近义proportion; rate; percentage
派生ration
The ratio of students to teachers in this school is ten to one.
这所学校学生与教师的比例是十比一。
74diameter
直径
讲解可数名词，指穿过圆心连接圆周两点的直线长度；常用 the diameter of...
记忆dia-（穿过）+ meter（测量）→ 穿过圆心量出来的长度
搭配in diameter, a diameter of, measure the diameter
近义width, breadth, span
派生diametrical, diametrically
The diameter of the Earth is about 12,742 kilometres at the equator.
地球赤道处的直径约为12742公里。
75in comparison with
与…比较起来
讲解介词短语，用于引出对比对象；后接名词或动名词，常置于句首或句末
搭配in comparison with sth, by comparison, in comparison to
近义compared with, in contrast to, relative to
反义in isolation from
In comparison with previous decades, today's students rely far more on online resources.
与过去几十年相比，如今的学生更依赖在线资源。
76get off track
离题，偏离目标
讲解动词短语，指偏离主题或原定目标；多用于口语与议论文中评价讨论或计划
搭配get off track, keep sb on track, back on track
近义lose focus, stray from the point, digress
反义stay on track, keep to the point
The discussion got off track when we started arguing about unrelated details.
当我们开始争论无关细节时，讨论跑题了。
77spot on
完全正确
讲解形容词短语，非正式，表示判断或答案完全正确；雅思口语中可作地道评价语
搭配be spot on, spot-on analysis, that's spot on
近义exactly right, dead right, on the money
反义wide of the mark, incorrect
Your analysis of the data was spot on, so the tutor used it as a model answer.
你对数据的分析完全正确，所以导师把它当作标准答案。
78less than
小于，少于
讲解用于数量比较，后接不可数名词或复数名词；写作中常与百分比、数字搭配
搭配less than half, less than expected, no less than
近义fewer than（可数）, under, below
反义more than, over, above
Less than half of the participants completed the survey within the given time.
不到一半的参与者在规定时间内完成了调查。
79at least
至少
讲解表示最低限度，后接数词或名词；也可用于让步，意为「起码、无论如何」
搭配at least, at the very least, at least in part
近义no fewer than, at a minimum, not less than
反义at most, no more than
At least three factors should be considered before making a final decision.
在做出最终决定之前，至少应考虑三个因素。
80as for/to
至于，关于
讲解用于引出新话题或转换话题，后接名词或名词短语，不接句子
搭配as for me, as for the rest, as to whether
近义regarding, concerning, when it comes to
派生as to（关于，后常接从句）
As for the rising tuition fees, many students worry about their future debt.
至于不断上涨的学费，许多学生担忧自己未来的债务。
81vice versa
反之亦然
讲解用于表示前面情况反向也成立，常用于对比或双向关系
搭配and vice versa, or vice versa
近义the other way around, conversely
派生无常见派生词
Teachers influence students, and vice versa, shaping each other's growth.
教师影响学生，反之亦然，彼此塑造着对方的成长。
82on the horizon
即将发生的
讲解表示某事即将发生或临近，多用于机遇、危机、变化等抽象事物
搭配appear on the horizon, be on the horizon, loom on the horizon
近义imminent, approaching, impending
反义in the distant past, long gone
With new AI tools on the horizon, the job market may change dramatically.
随着新的人工智能工具即将出现，就业市场可能发生巨大变化。
83for instance
例如
讲解用于举例，可置于句中或句首，后接名词、短语或句子
搭配take... for instance, for instance in the case of
近义for example, such as, like
反义in general, broadly speaking
派生instance（实例）
Many cities, for instance Tokyo and Singapore, face severe housing shortages.
许多城市，例如东京和新加坡，面临严重的住房短缺。
84as if/though
好像，仿佛
讲解引导方式状语从句，常用虚拟语气，表示与事实相反或可能性小
搭配as if by magic, look as though, feel as if
近义as though, like（口语）
反义as is, in reality
派生无常见派生词
He spoke confidently, as if he had rehearsed the speech many times.
他自信地发言，仿佛已经排练过很多次。
85marker
标记，标志
讲解可指记号笔，也可指标志、标记或评分者，需根据语境判断
搭配a marker for, a marker of, genetic marker
近义sign, indicator, symbol
反义无直接反义
派生mark（标记），marked（显著的）
The teacher used a red marker to highlight the key points on the board.
老师用红色马克笔在板上标出重点。
86tick off
用记号勾出，给…打核对号
讲解动词短语，指在名单或清单上打勾表示已完成或已核对，常用于考试、任务清单等场景。
搭配tick off a list, tick off items, tick off names
近义check off, mark off, cross off
反义leave unticked
Please tick off each item on the checklist before you hand in your assignment.
请在交作业前把清单上的每一项都打勾。
87in vain
徒然，无效
讲解介词短语，作状语或表语，表示努力、尝试等没有结果，语气偏书面，雅思写作中可用于描述失败的措施。
搭配try in vain, be in vain, efforts in vain
近义to no avail, without success, fruitlessly
反义in vain 的反义可表达为 successfully, to good effect
All our efforts to finish the project on time were in vain.
我们为按时完成项目所做的一切努力都白费了。
88compulsory
必修的
讲解形容词，指法律或规定要求必须做的，常修饰 education, subject, course 等，雅思教育类话题高频词。
搭配compulsory education, compulsory subject, compulsory course
近义mandatory, obligatory, required
反义optional, voluntary, elective
派生compulsorily
In many countries, learning a second language is compulsory until the age of sixteen.
在许多国家，学习第二语言是强制性的，直到十六岁。
89recruit
招生
讲解动词，指招收新成员、学生或员工；也可作名词指新成员，雅思教育、职场话题均常用。
搭配recruit students, recruit staff, recruit volunteers
近义enroll, admit, take on
反义dismiss, lay off
派生recruitment, recruiter
The university plans to recruit more international students next academic year.
这所大学计划下一学年招收更多国际学生。
90booklet
小册子
讲解名词，指薄薄的小册子，通常用于介绍信息、说明或宣传，常见于旅游、课程介绍等语境。
搭配information booklet, instruction booklet, a booklet about
近义brochure, pamphlet, leaflet
派生book
The tourist office gave me a free booklet about local attractions.
旅游局给了我一本关于当地景点的免费小册子。
91notice board
布告牌，公告牌
讲解名词短语，指张贴通知、公告的板子，常见于学校、办公室等场所，雅思听力校园场景高频词。
搭配on the notice board, post a notice, check the notice board
近义bulletin board, message board, board
The exam schedule is posted on the notice board outside the main hall.
考试时间表贴在大厅外的公告牌上。
92in accordance with
按照，依据
讲解正式介词短语，多用于规章、法律、合同等书面语境，后接名词或名词短语，不接句子
搭配in accordance with the rules / in accordance with the law / act in accordance with
近义according to / in line with / in compliance with
反义in defiance of / contrary to
All students must submit their final papers in accordance with the university's academic guidelines.
所有学生必须按照大学的学术准则提交期末论文。
93matriculation
录取入学
讲解正式用词，指被大学正式录取注册入学，常见于英式学术文件与校方通知
记忆来自拉丁语 matrix（名单），原指把名字列入名册
搭配matriculation ceremony / matriculation requirements / upon matriculation
近义enrollment / registration / admission
派生matriculate（动词，注册入学）
After matriculation, freshmen are required to attend an orientation week before classes begin.
录取入学后，大一新生须在开课前参加为期一周的入学教育。
94scholarship
奖学金
讲解可数名词，指奖学金；也可指学术研究，如 a work of scholarship（学术著作）
记忆由 scholar（学者）加 -ship（身份、状态）构成
搭配win / receive / apply for a scholarship; a full scholarship; on a scholarship
近义grant / fellowship / award
派生scholar（学者）/ scholarly（学术的）
She won a full scholarship that covers both her tuition fees and living expenses.
她获得了一份涵盖学费和生活费的全额奖学金。
95champion
冠军
讲解作名词指冠军，作动词指捍卫、拥护（如 champion a cause）；作定语修饰名词
搭配world champion / defending champion / champion a cause
近义winner / victor / titleholder
反义loser / runner-up
派生championship（锦标赛；冠军称号）
The young athlete trained for years and finally became the world champion in swimming.
这位年轻运动员训练多年，最终成为游泳世界冠军。
96tutorial
辅导(课)
讲解指大学里人数较少的辅导课或个别指导，也指计算机软件的使用教程
搭配a tutorial on sth / hold a tutorial / online tutorial
近义seminar / class / lesson
派生tutor（导师，动词/名词）
The professor held a small tutorial to discuss the students' research proposals in detail.
教授开了一堂小型辅导课，详细讨论学生们的研究计划。
97assignment
任务；(课外)作业
讲解可数名词，既指课外作业，也指被分配的任务或工作，学术语境中常用
记忆由 assign（分配）加 -ment（名词后缀）构成
搭配hand in / complete / submit an assignment; a written assignment; on assignment
近义task / homework / project
派生assign（动词，分配）/ assignee（受托人）
Students are expected to hand in their written assignment before the deadline each Friday.
学生须在每周五截止日期前提交书面作业。
98bookrest
阅书架
讲解可数名词，指支撑书本便于阅读的架子，多用于书房、图书馆语境
搭配a wooden bookrest, an adjustable bookrest, put sth on a bookrest
近义book stand, reading stand, book holder
派生bookstand n. 书立；书摊
She placed the open dictionary on a wooden bookrest to keep her hands free.
她把打开的词典放在木制阅书架上，好腾出双手。
99dissertation
论文
讲解可数名词，多指学位论文，尤指博士论文；比 thesis 更强调长篇独立研究
搭配write a dissertation, a doctoral dissertation, a dissertation on sth
近义thesis, treatise, paper
派生dissertation n. 学位论文；dissertate v. 论述
He spent nearly two years collecting data for his doctoral dissertation on urban migration.
他花了近两年时间为关于城市移民的博士论文收集数据。
100thesis
论文
讲解可数名词，既指学位论文，也指一般论点、命题；英式常指硕士论文
搭配a master's thesis, thesis statement, argue a thesis
近义dissertation, argument, proposition
派生thesis n. 论点；thematic adj. 主题的
Her master's thesis argues that social media reshapes how teenagers form friendships.
她的硕士论文论证社交媒体重塑了青少年建立友谊的方式。
101credential
证明；文凭
讲解可数名词，常用复数，指资格证明、文凭或资历；也可指信任凭证
搭配academic credentials, professional credentials, check credentials
近义qualification, certificate, accreditation
派生credential v. 授予资格；credentialed adj. 有资格的
Employers often check whether a candidate's credentials match the advertised requirements.
雇主常常核查应聘者的资历证明是否符合招聘要求。
102doctoral
博士的
讲解形容词，仅用于名词前，指博士的、博士阶段的；常见于学术写作
搭配doctoral degree, doctoral thesis, doctoral candidate
近义PhD, doctor's, postgraduate
派生doctorate n. 博士学位；doctor n. 博士
After completing her doctoral studies, she joined a research institute in Geneva.
完成博士研究后，她加入了日内瓦的一家研究所。