生物类
✍️ 背诵
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1molecule
分子
讲解名词,指保持物质化学性质的最小粒子,常用于科学类雅思阅读与写作
记忆molecul(小团块)+ e → 微小的一团物质
搭配water molecule, molecule of, a single molecule
近义particle, atom(近义但不同层次)
派生molecular (adj.), molecularly (adv.)
A water molecule consists of two hydrogen atoms bonded to a single oxygen atom.
一个水分子由两个氢原子与一个氧原子结合而成。
2amino acids
氨基酸
讲解可数名词,常用复数;指构成蛋白质的基本单位,雅思生物类阅读高频词
记忆amino(氨基)+ acid(酸),含氨基的有机酸
搭配essential amino acids, amino acid sequence, amino acid chain
近义building blocks of protein, protein constituents
派生amino acid composition(氨基酸组成)
The human body needs about twenty different amino acids to build proteins.
人体需要大约二十种不同的氨基酸来构建蛋白质。
3protein
蛋白质
讲解作物质名词时不可数,指具体种类时可数(various proteins);雅思写作常考营养话题
记忆源自希腊语 protos(第一),因为蛋白质被视为生命最重要的物质
搭配high in protein, protein intake, protein synthesis
近义albuminoid, polypeptide
派生proteinaceous(蛋白质的), proteomics(蛋白质组学)
A diet rich in protein is essential for the growth and repair of muscles.
富含蛋白质的饮食对肌肉的生长和修复至关重要。
4enzyme
酶
讲解可数名词,常与动词 break down、catalyse 搭配;雅思阅读生物类常见考点词
记忆源自希腊语 en(在…内)+ zyme(酵母),最初在酵母中发现
搭配digestive enzymes, enzyme activity, enzyme reaction
近义catalyst, biocatalyst
派生enzymatic(酶的), enzyme-linked(酶联的)
Enzymes in the stomach help break down food into simpler substances.
胃中的酶帮助将食物分解为更简单的物质。
5botany
植物学
讲解不可数名词,指植物学这一学科;注意与 botanic(植物的)区别
记忆botan-(植物)+ -y(学科后缀),表示研究植物的学科
搭配study botany, a degree in botany, field botany
近义plant science, phytology
派生botanist(植物学家), botanical(植物学的), botanically(植物学上)
She chose to study botany because of her lifelong love of wild plants.
她选择学习植物学,因为她一生热爱野生植物。
6flora
植物群
讲解集合名词,指某地区的全部植物,常与 fauna(动物群)并列使用
记忆源自罗马神话花神 Flora,罗马人以花神命名植物群
搭配native flora, flora and fauna, alpine flora
近义vegetation, plant life
反义fauna(动物群)
派生floral(花的), floriculture(花卉栽培)
The island's unique flora attracts scientists from all over the world.
该岛独特的植物群吸引了来自世界各地的科学家。
7zoological
动物学的
讲解形容词,修饰与动物学相关的事物;zoological garden 即动物园
记忆zoo-(动物)+ log-(学科)+ -ical(形容词后缀),动物学的
搭配zoological research, zoological garden, zoological society
近义animal-related, faunal
派生zoology(动物学), zoologist(动物学家), zoo(动物园)
The zoological research centre studies the behaviour of endangered species.
这家动物学研究机构研究濒危物种的行为。
8fauna
动物群
讲解集合名词,指某一地区或时代的全部动物,常用于生态、地理类雅思阅读写作
记忆与 flora(植物群)成对记忆:fauna 动物,flora 植物
搭配native fauna, local fauna, marine fauna, the fauna of
近义animal life, wildlife, creatures
反义flora
派生faunal (adj.) 动物群的
The island's unique fauna attracts biologists from all over the world every year.
这座岛屿独特的动物群每年吸引着世界各地的生物学家。
9wildlife
野生生物
讲解不可数名词,统称野生生物,常与 protect、conserve、habitat 搭配
搭配wildlife conservation, wildlife habitat, protect wildlife, wildlife park
近义wild animals, fauna, native species
反义domestic animals, livestock
派生wildlife-related (adj.) 与野生生物相关的
Urban expansion has destroyed much of the wildlife that once lived in these forests.
城市扩张摧毁了曾生活在这片森林中的大量野生生物。
10bacteria [pl.]
细菌
讲解bacteria 是 bacterium 的复数,谓语用复数;口语中常说 good/bad bacteria
记忆单数 bacterium,复数 bacteria,类似 criterion/criteria
搭配harmful bacteria, beneficial bacteria, bacteria multiply, resistant to bacteria
近义germs, microbes, microorganisms
派生bacterial (adj.) 细菌的
Harmful bacteria can multiply rapidly in food that is left at room temperature.
有害细菌在室温下放置的食物中会迅速繁殖。
11microbe
微生物;细菌
讲解可数名词,泛指肉眼看不见的微生物,包括细菌、病毒等
记忆micro-(微小)+ be(生命)→ 微小的生命 → 微生物
搭配harmful microbe, gut microbe, a single microbe, microbe population
近义microorganism, bacterium, germ
派生microbial (adj.) 微生物的
Scientists are studying how each microbe in the human gut affects overall health.
科学家正在研究人体肠道中的每种微生物如何影响整体健康。
12fungi [pl.]
真菌
讲解fungi 是 fungus 的复数,谓语用复数;可指蘑菇、霉菌、酵母等
记忆单数 fungus,复数 fungi,注意 -us 变 -i
搭配fungi grow, soil fungi, harmful fungi, a species of fungi
近义moulds, yeasts, mushrooms
派生fungal (adj.) 真菌的
Certain fungi break down dead leaves and return nutrients to the forest soil.
某些真菌分解枯叶,把养分归还给森林土壤。
13algae
海藻
讲解algae 是 alga 的复数,可指海藻或淡水藻类,常与 bloom(大量繁殖)连用
记忆单数 alga,复数 algae;algal bloom 指藻华
搭配algae bloom, green algae, marine algae, algae growth
近义seaweed, plankton, aquatic plants
派生algal (adj.) 藻类的
A thick layer of algae covered the lake surface, blocking sunlight from reaching deeper water.
厚厚一层海藻覆盖了湖面,挡住了阳光到达更深的水域。
14oak
橡树,橡木
讲解可数名词,指橡树;作不可数名词时指橡木材料,如 an oak table(橡木桌)
记忆联想:oak 读音似“欧克”,想象欧洲古堡里厚重的橡木门
搭配oak tree, oak forest, oak barrel, solid oak
近义oak tree, timber
派生oaken(橡木制的)
The old oak in the village square has stood there for over three centuries.
村广场上的那棵老橡树已经在那里矗立了三百多年。
15eucalyptus
桉树
讲解可数/不可数名词,既可指桉树,也可指桉树油(eucalyptus oil),雅思环保类话题常见
记忆euca- 源自希腊语,意为“良好”,-lyptus 意为“覆盖”,指花蕾被盖住
搭配eucalyptus tree, eucalyptus oil, eucalyptus forest
近义gum tree(澳洲口语)
派生eucalypt(桉树,名词变体)
Eucalyptus trees are widely planted in Australia because they grow quickly.
桉树在澳大利亚被广泛种植,因为它们生长迅速。
16cherry
樱桃(树)
讲解既是可数名词(樱桃/樱桃树),也可作定语修饰颜色或口味,如 cherry red、cherry flavour
记忆联想:cherry 与 cheer(欢呼)形近,吃到樱桃让人开心
搭配cherry blossom, cherry tree, cherry pie, cherry red
近义cherry fruit
派生cherry-like(形容词)
Every spring, the cherry trees along the river attract thousands of visitors.
每年春天,河边的樱花树吸引成千上万的游客。
17almond
杏树;杏仁
讲解可数名词,指杏仁或杏树;almond milk(杏仁奶)在雅思饮食类话题中常出现
记忆联想:al + mond,mond 似 moon,想象月亮形的杏仁
搭配almond milk, almond oil, ground almonds, almond tree
近义nut(泛指坚果)
派生almondy(有杏仁味的)
She sprinkled crushed almonds over the salad to add a bit of crunch.
她在沙拉上撒了些碎杏仁,增添一点酥脆口感。
18grove
树丛,小树林
讲解可数名词,指小片树林,常与 of 连用,如 a grove of pines;也可指果园
记忆与 grave(坟墓)形近,想象墓地里种着一片小树林
搭配olive grove, orange grove, a grove of trees
近义copse, thicket, woodland
反义desert, wasteland
We walked through a quiet grove of olive trees behind the farmhouse.
我们穿过农舍后面一片安静的橄榄树林。
19jungle
丛林
讲解可数/不可数名词,指热带丛林;口语中 the jungle 也可比喻竞争激烈之地
记忆联想:jungle 与 jumble(杂乱)形近,丛林里植物杂乱丛生
搭配tropical jungle, jungle canopy, jungle trek, concrete jungle
近义rainforest, wilderness
反义desert, savanna
Deforestation is destroying the jungle at an alarming rate in many regions.
在许多地区,森林砍伐正以惊人的速度摧毁着丛林。
20seaweed
海藻,海草
讲解不可数名词,指生长在海中的藻类;雅思阅读常出现在海洋生态、食品健康类文章中
搭配seaweed extract / edible seaweed / a bed of seaweed
近义kelp / algae / marine algae
派生seaweed-based (adj.) 以海藻为原料的
Seaweed is widely used in Asian cooking and as a natural fertiliser for crops.
海藻在亚洲烹饪中被广泛使用,也用作农作物的天然肥料。
21weed
杂草
讲解可数名词,指不需要的野草;引申义指无用或有害的人/物,如 weed out 清除
搭配pull up weeds / weed out / grow like a weed
近义wild plant / unwanted plant
反义crop / cultivated plant
派生weedy (adj.) 杂草丛生的
The farmer spent the whole morning pulling weeds out of his vegetable garden.
农夫花了整个上午从菜园里拔杂草。
22moss
苔藓
讲解不可数名词,多生长于潮湿阴暗处;雅思自然类文章常用来描写森林或湿地环境
搭配moss-covered / a layer of moss / grow moss
近义lichen / bryophyte
派生mossy (adj.) 长满苔藓的
Thick green moss covered the rocks along the riverbank after the rainy season.
雨季过后,厚厚的绿色苔藓覆盖了河岸边的岩石。
23meadow
草地
讲解可数名词,指长满草的开阔田野,比 grassland 更具画面感,常用于描写自然风光
搭配a green meadow / mountain meadow / meadowland
近义grassland / pasture / field
派生meadowland (n.) 草地,牧场
Wild flowers bloomed across the meadow, attracting bees and butterflies in early summer.
初夏时节,野花在草地上盛开,吸引了蜜蜂和蝴蝶。
24daffodil
水仙(花),黄水仙
讲解可数名词,春季开花的球根植物,常象征春天与希望,雅思写作可用于自然景观描写
搭配a bunch of daffodils / wild daffodils / daffodil bulbs
近义narcissus / jonquil
派生daffodil-yellow (adj.) 水仙黄色的
Every spring, yellow daffodils appear in the park and signal the end of winter.
每年春天,黄色的水仙花出现在公园里,预示着冬天的结束。
25phytochrome (
植物的)光敏色素
讲解植物学术语,可数名词,指植物体内感受红光与远红光的色素蛋白,雅思阅读科技类可能涉及
搭配phytochrome system / phytochrome-mediated / red light absorption
近义photoreceptor pigment
派生phytochrome-regulated (adj.) 受光敏色素调控的
Phytochrome enables plants to detect changes in light and adjust their growth accordingly.
光敏色素使植物能够感知光照变化并相应地调整生长。
26mustard
芥菜
讲解作物质名词时不可数,指芥菜或芥末酱;作植物可数,a mustard plant
搭配mustard sauce / mustard seed / yellow mustard
近义wasabi(仅指山葵,味近) / horseradish
派生mustardy (有芥末味的)
The chef added a spoonful of mustard to give the sauce a sharp, tangy flavour.
厨师加了一勺芥末,让酱汁带上辛辣刺激的味道。
27reed
芦苇(秆)
讲解可数名词,河边水生植物;引申指芦苇秆,用于编织、制笛
搭配reed bed / reed flute / broken reed(不可靠的人)
近义bulrush / cattail
派生reedy (芦苇丛生的;声音尖细的)
Tall reeds along the riverbank swayed gently in the evening breeze.
河岸边高高的芦苇在晚风中轻轻摇曳。
28bamboo
竹子
讲解不可数名词,指竹子材料;作种类时可数,如 several bamboos
搭配bamboo shoots / bamboo forest / bamboo furniture
近义cane / rattan(藤,非竹)
派生bamboo-like (像竹子的)
Pandas rely almost entirely on bamboo for their daily diet.
熊猫的日常饮食几乎完全依赖竹子。
29evergreen
常青的,常绿的
讲解形容词,指四季常青;也作名词指常青树;引申喻经久不衰的事物
搭配evergreen tree / evergreen shrub / evergreen song
近义perennial(喻经久不衰) / year-round
反义deciduous(落叶的)
派生evergreen (作名词)
Evergreen trees keep their leaves throughout the year, even in harsh winters.
常绿树全年保持叶子,即使在严冬也不例外。
30foliage
叶子,枝叶
讲解不可数名词,指树木的叶与枝的整体,正式用词,多见于描写文
搭配dense foliage / lush foliage / autumn foliage
近义leaves / greenery / leafage
派生foliar (叶的,与叶有关的)
The dense foliage of the rainforest blocks most sunlight from reaching the ground.
雨林茂密的枝叶挡住了大部分阳光,使其无法到达地面。
31husk
外壳
讲解名词,指谷物的外壳、种子或果实的硬壳;也可作动词表去壳
搭配rice husk / coconut husk / husk the corn
近义shell / hull / pod
派生husking (去壳的) / husky (多壳的;声音沙哑的)
Farmers remove the outer husk of rice to obtain the edible grain inside.
农民去除稻谷的外壳,以获得里面可食用的米粒。
32pod
荚;荚果
讲解可数名词,指豆科植物包裹种子的荚果,如豌豆荚、豆荚
搭配pea pod, seed pod, bean pod
近义shell, case, capsule
派生podded (有荚的)
The gardener split open a ripe pod to collect the seeds inside.
园丁掰开一个成熟的荚,收集里面的种子。
33crimson
深红色的
讲解形容词兼名词,指带紫调的深红,文学描写与雅思图表描述皆可用
搭配crimson red, turn crimson, crimson leaves
近义scarlet, ruby, blood-red
反义pale, colourless
In autumn the maple leaves turn a brilliant crimson before falling.
秋天枫叶在飘落前变成鲜艳的深红色。
34uproot
将…连根拔起
讲解及物动词,本义连根拔起,引申为使人被迫离开家园
搭配uproot a tree, be uprooted from, uproot a family
近义displace, dislodge, eradicate
反义plant, settle
The storm uprooted several old trees along the village road.
暴风雨把村道旁几棵老树连根拔起。
35fade
凋谢;褪色
讲解不及物动词,指颜色、声音或记忆逐渐变淡消失;也可作及物
搭配fade away, fade into, fade from memory
近义dim, dwindle, wither
反义brighten, intensify
派生fading (n./adj.)
Without enough sunlight, the colours of these flowers gradually fade.
光照不足时,这些花的颜色会逐渐褪去。
36organism
生物体,有机体
讲解可数名词,指任何有生命的个体,生物学术语,雅思阅读高频
搭配living organism, single-celled organism, marine organism
近义creature, life form, being
派生organic, organize
Every living organism depends on water to survive and reproduce.
每一个生物体都依赖水来生存和繁殖。
37reptile
爬行动物
讲解可数名词,指爬行动物;口语中可贬指卑鄙的人,慎用
搭配cold-blooded reptile, reptile species, a reptile house
近义lizard, snake, turtle
派生reptilian (adj.)
Lizards and snakes are reptiles that need warmth from the sun.
蜥蜴和蛇是需要靠阳光取暖的爬行动物。
38amphibian
两栖动物
讲解可数名词,指既能在水中又能在陆地生活的动物;雅思阅读常出现在生态类文章中
记忆amphi-(两边)+ bio(生命)→ 两种环境都能活
搭配amphibian species / amphibian habitat / aquatic amphibian
近义amphibious animal / batrachian
反义reptile / mammal
派生amphibious (adj. 两栖的)
Frogs and salamanders are amphibians that spend part of their lives in water.
青蛙和蝾螈是两栖动物,它们一生中有一部分时间在水中度过。
39mammal
哺乳动物
讲解可数名词,指用肺呼吸、胎生并哺乳幼崽的动物;雅思写作中常用于物种保护话题
记忆mamma(乳房)+ -al → 靠哺乳喂养后代的动物
搭配marine mammal / mammal species / mammal population
近义warm-blooded animal / vertebrate
反义reptile / amphibian
派生mammalian (adj. 哺乳动物的)
Whales are mammals, yet they live entirely in the ocean and breathe air.
鲸鱼是哺乳动物,但它们完全生活在海洋中并用肺呼吸空气。
40primate
灵长目动物
讲解可数名词,指灵长目动物,包括人类、猿和猴;雅思阅读中常涉及进化与智力研究
记忆prim-(第一、首要)→ 被认为是最高等的动物类群
搭配primate species / primate behaviour / higher primate
近义ape / anthropoid
反义reptile / rodent
派生primate-like (adj. 类灵长动物的)
Humans, apes and monkeys all belong to the order of primates.
人类、猿和猴子都属于灵长目动物。
41carnivore
食肉动物
讲解可数名词,指以肉类为主食的动物;也可比喻好斗的人,雅思中常见于食物链话题
记忆carni-(肉)+ vore(吞食)→ 吃肉者
搭配carnivore diet / top carnivore / obligate carnivore
近义predator / meat-eater
反义herbivore / vegetarian
派生carnivorous (adj. 食肉的)
Lions and wolves are carnivores that hunt other animals for food.
狮子和狼是捕食其他动物为食的食肉动物。
42herbivore
食草动物
讲解可数名词,指以植物为食的动物;雅思生态类阅读中常与食物链、生态平衡搭配
记忆herbi-(草、植物)+ vore(吞食)→ 吃草者
搭配herbivore diet / large herbivore / herbivore population
近义plant-eater / grazer
反义carnivore / omnivore
派生herbivorous (adj. 食草的)
Rabbits and deer are herbivores that feed mainly on grass and leaves.
兔子和鹿是主要以草和树叶为食的食草动物。
43marsupial
有袋类动物
讲解可数名词,指雌性腹部有育儿袋、幼崽未发育完全即出生的哺乳动物
记忆marsup-(袋)+ -ial → 有袋的动物;多分布于澳大利亚
搭配marsupial species / marsupial pouch / Australian marsupial
近义pouched mammal
反义placental mammal
派生marsupial (adj. 有袋的)
Kangaroos and koalas are marsupials that carry their young in a pouch.
袋鼠和考拉是有袋类动物,它们把幼崽放在育儿袋中携带。
44blood-thirsty
嗜血的,好杀戮的
讲解形容词,多含贬义,可形容人或动物残忍好杀,也可夸张形容对某事的狂热
搭配blood-thirsty killer / blood-thirsty tyrant / blood-thirsty crowd
近义cruel / savage / murderous
反义merciful / gentle
派生blood-thirstily / blood-thirstiness
The documentary portrayed the blood-thirsty predator hunting its prey across the savanna.
这部纪录片描绘了那只嗜血的捕食者在草原上猎杀猎物的场景。
45sizeable
相当大的
讲解形容词,指数量或规模相当大,常用于数据、比例、群体等描述
搭配a sizeable amount / a sizeable minority / a sizeable increase
近义considerable / substantial / large
反义small / negligible
派生sizeably / sizeableness
A sizeable proportion of the population now works from home at least part of the week.
相当大比例的人口现在每周至少有一部分时间在家工作。
46evolution
进化
讲解名词,指生物随时间的逐渐演变,也可泛指事物的渐进发展
搭配theory of evolution / biological evolution / the evolution of language
近义development / progression / natural selection
反义creationism / stagnation
派生evolve / evolutionary / evolutionist
Darwin's theory of evolution explains how species adapt to their changing environments over time.
达尔文的进化论解释了物种如何随时间适应不断变化的环境。
47gene
基因
讲解名词,指控制遗传特征的基因单位,常与遗传、疾病研究搭配
搭配a gene mutation / gene therapy / dominant gene
近义genetic factor / hereditary unit
派生genetic / genetically / genome
Scientists have identified a gene that appears to increase the risk of certain cancers.
科学家已发现一种似乎会增加某些癌症风险的基因。
48genetics
遗传学
讲解名词,指研究遗传与变异的学科,作主语时谓语常用单数
搭配the study of genetics / human genetics / molecular genetics
近义heredity study / genetic science
派生geneticist / genetic / genetically
Advances in genetics have made it possible to predict inherited diseases more accurately.
遗传学的进步使得更准确地预测遗传疾病成为可能。
49helix
螺旋,螺旋状物
讲解名词,指螺旋状结构,最常用于 DNA 双螺旋的固定表达
搭配a double helix / a spiral helix / the DNA helix
近义spiral / coil / curl
派生helical / helically
The double helix structure of DNA was one of the most important discoveries of the twentieth century.
DNA 的双螺旋结构是二十世纪最重要的发现之一。
50mutation
突变
讲解可数名词,常与 genetic/random/spontaneous 连用;动词形式 mutate 表示「发生突变」
记忆联想 mutate「改变」,-ation 名词后缀,即「发生的改变」
搭配genetic mutation, random mutation, carry a mutation, cause a mutation
近义alteration, change, variation
派生mutate, mutant, mutational
A random mutation in a single gene can give some individuals a surprising advantage.
单个基因中的随机突变可能赋予某些个体意想不到的优势。
51predator
捕食者
讲解可数名词,指捕食其他动物的动物;比喻义指「掠夺者、危害者」
记忆pre-「在前」+ dator「捕食者」,prey 是「猎物」,predator 吃 prey
搭配natural predator, apex predator, predator-prey relationship
近义hunter, killer, carnivore
反义prey
派生predatory, predation, predate
Without natural predators, the deer population grew so fast that food became scarce.
没有天敌,鹿群数量增长过快,食物变得稀缺。
52embryo
胚胎
讲解可数名词,复数为 embryos;常用于生物、医学及伦理话题(如 embryo research)
记忆em-「内」+ bryo「膨胀、生长」,即在内部生长之物
搭配human embryo, embryo development, embryo research
近义fetus, unborn organism
派生embryonic, embryology, embryologist
The embryos of most mammals develop inside the mother's body before birth.
大多数哺乳动物的胚胎在出生前于母体内发育。
53wildebeest
牛羚,角马
讲解可数名词,单复数同形(a wildebeest / many wildebeest),非洲草原迁徙的典型动物
记忆源自南非荷兰语,联想 wildlife + beast「野生动物」
搭配a herd of wildebeest, wildebeest migration
近义gnu
派生无常见派生词
Each year millions of wildebeest migrate across the Serengeti in search of fresh grass.
每年数百万头角马穿越塞伦盖蒂草原,寻找新鲜的青草。
54buffalo
水牛;(北美)野牛
讲解可数名词,复数常用 buffalo 或 buffaloes;北美语境多指「美洲野牛」,非洲/亚洲多指「水牛」
记忆与 beef「牛肉」同源,都指牛类动物
搭配a herd of buffalo, buffalo hunt, water buffalo
近义bison, ox
派生buffalos, buffaloes
Early settlers hunted buffalo on the plains, and the herds nearly disappeared.
早期定居者在平原上猎杀野牛,牛群几乎消失殆尽。
55camel
骆驼
讲解可数名词,是沙漠生态与适应话题的高频词;习语 the last straw 源自骆驼负载
记忆联想「沙漠之舟」,camel 的驼峰 hump 储脂肪而非水
搭配a camel train, ride a camel, Bactrian camel
近义dromedary
派生camelid, camel-hair
Camels can travel for days across the desert without drinking any water.
骆驼能在沙漠中行走数日而不喝水。
56thylacine
袋狼
讲解专指澳洲袋狼,已灭绝,常作保护与灭绝话题例证
记忆源自希腊语 thylakos(袋)+ kyon(狗),即“有袋的狗”
搭配the last thylacine / thylacine extinction / a thylacine sighting
近义Tasmanian tiger / Tasmanian wolf
派生thylacine-like(似袋狼的)
The thylacine, a striped marsupial predator, was declared extinct after the last captive one died in 1936.
袋狼是一种带条纹的有袋类食肉动物,最后一只圈养个体于1936年死亡后被宣告灭绝。
57gorilla
大猩猩
讲解可数名词,指大猩猩;山地大猩猩为濒危物种,写作常作例证
记忆与 guerrilla(游击队员)拼写相近,注意别混用
搭配mountain gorilla / a troop of gorillas / silverback gorilla
近义ape / primate
派生gorilla-like(似大猩猩的)
Mountain gorillas live in small family groups led by a dominant silverback male.
山地大猩猩以小家庭群生活,由一只占主导地位的银背雄性带领。
58chimp
黑猩猩
讲解chimp 是 chimpanzee 的口语缩略,正式写作宜用 chimpanzee
记忆缩略记忆:chimpanzee 前四个字母 + p
搭配a chimp troop / wild chimps / chimp behaviour
近义chimpanzee / ape
派生chimpanzee(完整形式)
Chimps use sticks and stones as simple tools to extract termites from mounds.
黑猩猩用树枝和石块作为简单工具,从土丘中取出白蚁。
59bonobo
倭黑猩猩
讲解专指倭黑猩猩,与黑猩猩近缘但性情更温和,常作对比例证
记忆与 Congo 河相关,bonobo 仅分布于刚果盆地
搭配a bonobo group / wild bonobos / bonobo society
近义pygmy chimpanzee
派生bonobo-like(似倭黑猩猩的)
Bonobos are known for resolving conflicts through social contact rather than aggression.
倭黑猩猩以通过社交接触而非攻击来解决冲突而闻名。
60leopard
豹,美洲豹
讲解可数名词,泛指豹;在美式英语中有时指美洲豹(jaguar 更准确)
记忆谚语 a leopard cannot change its spots:本性难移
搭配snow leopard / leopard print / a leopard's spots
近义panther / big cat
派生leopardess(雌豹)
The leopard silently stalked its prey through the tall grass before launching a sudden attack.
豹子在高草中悄无声息地潜近猎物,随后突然发起攻击。
61lizard
蜥蜴
讲解可数名词,泛指蜥蜴;与 snake 区别在于多数有四肢和眼睑
记忆联想 lounge lizard:常泡酒吧的闲人
搭配a lizard's tail / desert lizard / monitor lizard
近义reptile / gecko
派生lizard-like(似蜥蜴的)
Many lizards can detach their tails to escape predators and later regrow them.
许多蜥蜴能断尾以逃脱捕食者,之后还能重新长出尾巴。
62kingfisher
翠鸟
讲解可数名词,指翠鸟;常与 river/stream 等水域场景搭配,雅思阅读自然类文章常见。
记忆king(王)+ fisher(渔夫)→ 捕鱼的“王”,即翠鸟。
搭配a common kingfisher / a flash of blue kingfisher / kingfisher's plumage
近义halcyon(诗语中对翠鸟的称法)
派生kingfisher-like(形容词,翠鸟般的)
A kingfisher flashed across the river and dived to catch a small fish.
一只翠鸟掠过河面,俯冲下去捕捉一条小鱼。
63falcon
隼,鹰隼;猎鹰
讲解可数名词,指隼;常与 hunt/swoop/hover 等动词搭配,猎鹰训练语境用 trained falcon。
记忆与“猎鹰训练术”falconry 同源,联想 falcon 是猎人的伙伴。
搭配a peregrine falcon / trained falcon / falconry(猎鹰术)
近义hawk / raptor / bird of prey
派生falconer(驯鹰人)/ falconry(猎鹰术)
The falcon hovered high above the field before swooping down on its prey.
那只隼在田野上空高高盘旋,然后俯冲扑向猎物。
64hawk
鹰,隼
讲解可数名词,泛指鹰类猛禽;也作动词,表示“沿街叫卖”,雅思阅读需按语境判断。
记忆联想 hawk eye(鹰眼)→ 视力极佳,善于观察。
搭配a hawk's eye / hawk-eyed(目光锐利的)/ bird of prey
近义falcon / eagle / raptor
反义dove(鸽,常作和平/温和象征)
派生hawkish(鹰派的,强硬的)
A hawk circled slowly above the trees, watching for any movement below.
一只鹰在树梢上方缓缓盘旋,注视着下方任何动静。
65owl
猫头鹰
讲解可数名词,指猫头鹰;常与 nocturnal(夜行的)、silent 等词搭配,象征智慧。
记忆联想“猫头鹰 night owl”→ 熬夜的人,帮助记住夜间活动特点。
搭配a night owl / a barn owl / nocturnal owl
近义bird of prey / raptor
派生owlish(像猫头鹰的;严肃的)
The owl hunts silently at night, using its keen hearing to locate small animals.
猫头鹰在夜间悄无声息地捕猎,靠敏锐的听觉定位小动物。
66talon
爪
讲解可数名词,多指猛禽或食肉动物的利爪,常用复数 talons;与 claw 近义但更强调猛禽。
记忆联想“talent”拼写相近,但 talon 是“利爪”,注意区分。
搭配sharp talons / curved talons / sink its talons into
近义claw / nail
派生taloned(形容词,有爪的)
The eagle gripped the branch tightly with its sharp talons.
那只鹰用锋利的爪子紧紧抓住树枝。
67jaw
颌
讲解可数名词,指颌/下巴;常用复数 jaws,也引申为“危险的境地”,如 jaws of death。
记忆联想“下巴”动作:jaw 与 chew(咀嚼)常一起记。
搭配the upper/lower jaw / open one's jaws / jaws of death
近义mandible(下颌,正式)/ muzzle
派生jawbone(颌骨)/ jaw-dropping(令人震惊的)
The crocodile opened its massive jaws to snap at the fish near the bank.
鳄鱼张开巨大的上下颌,猛地咬向岸边的小鱼。
68reindeer
驯鹿
讲解可数名词,复数常用 reindeer 或 reindeers;雅思阅读常考极地生态话题
记忆联想:rain(雨)+ deer(鹿),雨中奔跑的鹿
搭配reindeer herding, reindeer meat, wild reindeer
近义caribou(北美驯鹿)
派生reindeer herder(驯鹿牧民)
Reindeer migrate across the frozen tundra in search of lichen during the harsh winter.
在严酷的冬季,驯鹿穿越冰封的苔原寻找地衣。
69antler
鹿角
讲解可数名词,通常用复数 antlers;注意与 horn(牛角,终生不换)区分
记忆联想:ant(蚂蚁)+ ler,蚂蚁爬满鹿角
搭配a pair of antlers, shed antlers, branched antlers
近义horn(角,但含义有别)
派生antlered(有鹿角的)
Male deer grow a new pair of antlers every year, shedding the old ones in spring.
雄鹿每年长出新的鹿角,春天脱落旧角。
70squid
枪乌贼,鱿鱼
讲解可数名词,复数通常仍为 squid;雅思听力生物题常出现
记忆谐音:"死贵的"——鱿鱼在日料店里很贵
搭配giant squid, fried squid, squid ink
近义calamari(作食物的鱿鱼)
派生squidy(像鱿鱼的)
Giant squid live in the deep ocean and can grow longer than a bus.
大王乌贼生活在深海,体长可超过一辆公交车。
71crocodile
鳄鱼;鳄鱼皮
讲解可数名词;crocodile 指真鳄,alligator 指短吻鳄;皮革义不可数
记忆谐音:"可乐呆偶"——鳄鱼呆在可乐里
搭配crocodile tears(假慈悲), crocodile skin, a crocodile of children(英式:一队孩子)
近义alligator, caiman
派生crocodilian(鳄类的)
The crocodile lurked near the riverbank, waiting for antelopes to come and drink.
鳄鱼潜伏在河岸边,等待羚羊前来饮水。
72dolphin
海豚
讲解可数名词;雅思阅读动物智能话题高频词,常与 intelligence 搭配
记忆词根:delph- 源自希腊语"子宫",海豚因外形得名
搭配a pod of dolphins, bottlenose dolphin, dolphin show
近义porpoise(鼠海豚)
派生dolphinarium(海豚馆)
Dolphins use echolocation to navigate murky waters and hunt for fish.
海豚利用回声定位在浑浊的水中导航并捕食鱼类。
73gill
鳃
讲解可数名词,常用复数 gills;口语中 green about the gills 意为脸色发青
记忆联想:gill 与 grill(烤架)形近,鱼鳃像一排小烤架
搭配fish gills, gill slits, gill cover
近义branchia(鳃,学术用词)
派生gilled(有鳃的)
Fish absorb dissolved oxygen from the water through their gills.
鱼通过鳃从水中吸收溶解的氧气。
74luminescent
发弱光的,发冷光的
讲解形容词,指生物或物体自身发出微弱冷光,多用于科普、生物类阅读。
记忆词根 lumin- 光 + -escent 逐渐呈现……的,合起来就是「正在发光的」。
搭配luminescent bacteria;a luminescent glow;bioluminescent organisms
近义glowing, shining, radiant
派生luminescence(名词:发光);bioluminescence(名词:生物发光)
Deep-sea creatures are often luminescent, glowing faintly in the dark water.
深海生物常常会发光,在黑暗的水中发出微弱的光。
75cub
幼兽
讲解可数名词,指熊、狮、虎、狐等食肉动物的幼崽,常与 lion/tiger/bear 搭配。
记忆联想 cub 读音近似「卡布」,想象小狮子被卡在草丛里,需要母兽照顾。
搭配a lion cub;a bear cub;a fox cub
近义baby animal, young, whelp
反义adult
派生cubhood(名词:幼年期)
The lioness stayed close to her cubs while they played in the grass.
母狮在幼崽们在草丛中玩耍时一直守在旁边。
76hamster
仓鼠
讲解可数名词,常见宠物,雅思听力租房、宠物话题中可能出现。
记忆谐音「汉堡鼠」,想象一只爱吃汉堡的小老鼠,就是仓鼠。
搭配keep a hamster;a pet hamster;a hamster cage
近义rodent, pet
派生hamster wheel(仓鼠轮,也比喻忙碌无进展的状态)
My sister keeps a hamster in a cage beside her desk.
我妹妹在她的书桌旁放了一个笼子养仓鼠。
77grasshopper
蚱蜢
讲解可数名词,指后腿发达、善于跳跃的昆虫,注意与 cricket 区分。
记忆拆成 grass 草 + hopper 跳跃者,草地上跳跃的昆虫就是蚱蜢。
搭配a green grasshopper;catch a grasshopper;grasshopper legs
近义locust, insect
派生grasshopper mouse(食蝗鼠)
A grasshopper jumped onto the leaf and began to chew it.
一只蚱蜢跳到叶子上,开始咀嚼它。
78cricket
蟋蟀
讲解可数名词,指蟋蟀,也可指板球运动,注意根据语境判断词义。
记忆联想 cricket 和 grasshopper 都是会跳的昆虫,但 cricket 更常夜间鸣叫。
搭配a cricket match;crickets chirp;play cricket
近义insect, grasshopper
派生cricketer(名词:板球运动员)
Crickets chirped all night long outside our country cottage.
蟋蟀在我们乡村小屋外整夜鸣叫。
79mosquito
蚊子
讲解可数名词,指蚊子;雅思健康类话题常涉及蚊虫传播疾病。
记忆谐音「摩斯基多」,想象蚊子嗡嗡地「摩」着皮肤叮咬。
搭配a mosquito bite;mosquito net;mosquito-borne disease
近义insect, gnat
派生mosquito netting(名词:蚊帐布);mosquito repellent(驱蚊剂)
A mosquito bit my arm, leaving an itchy red spot.
一只蚊子咬了我的手臂,留下一个发痒的红点。
80pest
害虫
讲解可数名词,指危害农作物或传播疾病的昆虫等;也引申指令人讨厌的人或事物。
搭配pest control, pest resistance, crop pest
近义vermin, bug, insect pest
派生pesticide, pestilence
Farmers use fewer chemicals to control pests that damage crops.
农民使用更少的化学药剂来控制破坏农作物的害虫。
81pollen
花粉
讲解不可数名词,指植物雄蕊产生的粉状颗粒,常与传播、过敏话题相关。
搭配pollen grain, pollen allergy, transfer pollen
近义pollen dust
派生pollinate, pollination, pollinator
Bees transfer pollen from one flower to another as they search for food.
蜜蜂在寻找食物时把花粉从一朵花传到另一朵花上。
82nectar
花蜜
讲解不可数名词,指花朵分泌的甜液;也常比喻美味或令人愉悦的饮品。
搭配flower nectar, nectar guide, sip nectar
近义sweet liquid, honeydew
派生nectary, nectarous
Hummingbirds drink nectar from flowers and help pollinate the plants.
蜂鸟吸食花蜜,并帮助植物授粉。
83crown
王冠;花冠;齿冠
讲解多义词:王冠、花冠、齿冠、树冠;阅读中需根据语境判断具体含义。
搭配crown jewel, crown prince, tree crown
近义top, peak, summit
派生crowned, crowning
The crown of the tree provides shade for many small animals.
树冠为许多小动物提供了阴凉。
84hive
蜂房
讲解名词,指蜂房、蜂箱;也可指繁忙拥挤的场所或人群。
搭配bee hive, hive of activity, hive off
近义beehive, colony, nest
派生hiving
Thousands of bees live and work together inside a single hive.
成千上万只蜜蜂共同生活在同一个蜂房里。
85larva
幼虫
讲解可数名词,指昆虫的幼虫阶段,复数形式为 larvae,常用于生物类阅读。
搭配insect larva, larva stage, hatch into larvae
近义grub, caterpillar, nymph
派生larval, larvae
The larva feeds on leaves before it develops into an adult butterfly.
幼虫以叶子为食,之后发育成成年蝴蝶。
86pupation (
化)蛹
讲解不可数名词,指昆虫由幼虫变为成虫的化蛹过程,常见于生物类阅读。
记忆pupa(蛹) + -tion(名词后缀) → 化蛹的过程。
搭配undergo pupation, during pupation, the pupation stage
近义metamorphosis, transformation
派生pupate (v. 化蛹), pupa (n. 蛹)
The caterpillar undergoes pupation inside a protective chrysalis before emerging as a butterfly.
毛毛虫在保护性的蛹壳内经历化蛹过程,然后羽化成蝴蝶。
87hibernate
冬眠
讲解不及物动词,指动物冬季休眠;也可引申指人蛰伏、不活跃。
记忆联想 winter(冬天) hiber- 音近“海伯”,海伯冬天睡觉。
搭配hibernate in caves, hibernate through winter, hibernate for months
近义overwinter, sleep through winter
反义estivate (夏眠)
派生hibernation (n. 冬眠), hibernator (n. 冬眠动物)
Many bats hibernate in caves throughout the winter to conserve energy.
许多蝙蝠整个冬天在洞穴中冬眠以保存能量。
88den
巢穴,窝
讲解名词指野兽巢穴,也指私密房间;动词意为“把…藏入洞穴”。
记忆联想 den 与“洞穴”发音近,动物躲进洞里。
搭配a fox's den, a den of thieves, retreat to one's den
近义lair, burrow, covert
派生denning (n. 筑巢)
The fox retreated to its den to shelter its cubs from the storm.
狐狸退回巢穴,保护幼崽躲避暴风雨。
89perch
降落,停留
讲解动词指鸟停落栖息,也指人坐在高处或边缘;名词为栖木、高处位置。
记忆联想 perch 与“泊”(停泊)音近,鸟停落栖息。
搭配perch on a branch, perch on the edge, a perch above
近义alight, settle, roost
反义fly off, take off
The eagle perched on a high branch, scanning the valley for prey.
老鹰停在高高的树枝上,扫视山谷寻找猎物。
90swoop
俯冲,向下猛扑
讲解动词指鸟或飞机急速向下猛扑;常与 down/on 连用,也可作名词。
记忆联想 swoop 中 oo 像俯冲时张开的翅膀。
搭配swoop down on, swoop in, make a swoop
近义dive, plunge, pounce
反义soar, ascend
The hawk swooped down from the sky and seized a mouse in the grass.
鹰从天空俯冲而下,抓起草丛中的一只老鼠。
91hemisphere (
脑)半球
讲解名词指球体的一半,也指地球或大脑的半球,生物类阅读常考。
记忆hemi-(半) + sphere(球) → 半球。
搭配the left hemisphere, the northern hemisphere, brain hemisphere
近义half, side
派生hemispheric (adj. 半球的), hemispherectomy (n. 大脑半球切除术)
The left hemisphere of the brain controls language in most right-handed people.
在大多数右撇子中,大脑左半球控制语言功能。
92somatic
躯体的
讲解somatic 为正式/医学用词,多作定语,强调与身体有关而非心理。
搭配somatic cell 体细胞;somatic symptom 躯体症状;somatic therapy 身体疗法
近义bodily; physical; corporeal
反义mental; psychological
派生somatically adv. 身体上
Somatic symptoms such as headaches and fatigue often result from prolonged psychological stress.
头痛、疲劳等躯体症状往往源于长期的心理压力。
93limb
肢
讲解limb 指人或动物的四肢,也可指大树枝;常用复数表示四肢。
搭配upper/lower limbs 上/下肢;artificial limb 假肢;out on a limb 孤立无援
近义extremity; appendage
派生limbed adj. 有…肢的(如 long-limbed)
The accident left him unable to move his lower limbs for several months.
那场事故使他好几个月都无法活动下肢。
94feather
羽毛,翎毛
讲解feather 是可数名词,指单根羽毛;鸟全身羽毛常用 plumage。
搭配a feather 一根羽毛;feather duster 羽毛掸;ruffle feathers 惹恼某人
近义plume; plumage(集合称)
派生feathery adj. 羽毛般的;feathered adj. 有羽毛的
Birds use their colourful feathers both for flight and to attract mates.
鸟类用色彩鲜艳的羽毛飞行,也用来吸引配偶。
95anatomy
解剖学
讲解anatomy 既指解剖学,也指(人或动物的)身体结构。
搭配human anatomy 人体解剖;the anatomy of… …的结构
近义structure; morphology
派生anatomical adj. 解剖的;anatomist n. 解剖学家
Medical students spend years studying human anatomy before they begin clinical practice.
医学生在开始临床实习前要花数年学习人体解剖学。
96paralyze
使瘫痪
讲解paralyze 英式拼作 paralyse;可指身体瘫痪,也喻指使陷入停顿。
搭配be paralyzed with fear 吓得呆住;paralyze traffic 使交通瘫痪
近义immobilize; cripple; disable
派生paralysis n. 瘫痪;paralytic adj. 瘫痪的
The rare disease gradually paralyzed his legs, forcing him to rely on a wheelchair.
这种罕见疾病逐渐使他的双腿瘫痪,迫使他依赖轮椅。
97artery
动脉
讲解artery 指动脉,也喻指交通干线;形容词为 arterial。
搭配coronary artery 冠状动脉;main artery 主干道;clogged arteries 堵塞的动脉
近义blood vessel(上位词)
反义vein 静脉
派生arterial adj. 动脉的;arteriosclerosis n. 动脉硬化
Fatty deposits can narrow the arteries and increase the risk of a heart attack.
脂肪沉积会使动脉变窄,增加心脏病发作的风险。
98gland
腺体
讲解可数名词,指分泌物质的器官;常与 thyroid、salivary、adrenal 等连用构成具体腺体名。
记忆联想:gland 与 glad 形近,腺体分泌让人“高兴”的激素。
搭配thyroid gland, salivary gland, adrenal gland, sweat gland
近义organ, secretory organ
派生glandular(腺体的)
The thyroid gland produces hormones that regulate the body's metabolism.
甲状腺分泌调节身体新陈代谢的激素。
99pancreas
胰腺
讲解可数名词,指位于胃后方的腺体;雅思阅读医学类文章常出现,注意拼写双写 s。
记忆词根 pan-(全)+ creas(肉),原义“全是肉”的器官。
搭配pancreas transplant, pancreatic cancer, secrete insulin
近义——
派生pancreatic(胰腺的), pancreatitis(胰腺炎)
The pancreas secretes insulin, which helps control blood sugar levels.
胰腺分泌胰岛素,有助于控制血糖水平。
100hormone
荷尔蒙,激素
讲解可数名词,指体内调节生理活动的化学物质;常用复数 hormones,搭配 release/produce/regulate。
记忆源自希腊语 hormon“使激动”,与“激发活动”相关。
搭配release hormones, growth hormone, hormone levels, hormone therapy
近义chemical messenger
派生hormonal(激素的), hormonally(激素方面地)
Stress can cause the body to release hormones that raise blood pressure.
压力会使身体释放升高血压的激素。
101cholesterol
胆固醇
讲解不可数名词,指血液中的脂类物质;雅思健康类话题高频,常与 high/low、raise/lower 搭配。
记忆源自希腊语 chole(胆汁)+ stereos(固体的),指胆汁中的固体物质。
搭配high cholesterol, lower cholesterol, cholesterol level, cholesterol-free
近义lipid, fat
派生cholesterolemia(胆固醇血症)
Eating too much saturated fat can raise your cholesterol and harm your heart.
摄入过多饱和脂肪会升高胆固醇,损害心脏。
102adipose
动物脂肪的
讲解形容词,指与动物脂肪有关的;学术写作中常见于医学、生物学语境,多修饰 tissue。
记忆词根 adip-(脂肪)+ -ose(形容词后缀),如 adipose tissue 脂肪组织。
搭配adipose tissue, adipose cells, adipose fat
近义fatty, fat-related
反义lean, muscular
派生adiposity(肥胖), adipocyte(脂肪细胞)
Adipose tissue stores energy and provides insulation for the body.
脂肪组织储存能量并为身体提供保温作用。