1 / 195 句0 词已学
1advertisement
广告；广告活动，宣传
讲解可数名词，指一则广告；也可指广告活动，常与 place、run 等动词搭配。
记忆由 advertise（做广告）加 -ment 名词后缀，核心是 advert（转向注意）。
搭配place an advertisement, a job advertisement, advertising campaign
近义commercial, promotion, ad
派生advertise (v.), advertiser (n.), advertising (n.)
The advertisement for the new phone was so persuasive that sales doubled.
这款新手机的广告极具说服力，销量因此翻倍。
2accommodation (
膳宿)供应
讲解不可数名词，指住宿、膳宿；英式英语常用，美式多用 housing。
记忆由 accommodate（容纳、提供住宿）加 -ion 名词后缀。
搭配student accommodation, holiday accommodation, provide accommodation
近义housing, lodging, shelter
派生accommodate (v.), accommodating (adj.)
The university provides affordable accommodation for all first-year international students.
这所大学为所有一年级留学生提供价格合理的住宿。
3lodging
寄宿(处)
讲解名词，指寄宿、临时住处，常用不可数；lodgings 指租住的房间。
记忆由 lodge（寄宿、小屋）加 -ing 名词后缀，联想“住进小屋”。
搭配board and lodging, cheap lodging, find lodging
近义accommodation, housing, rooms
派生lodge (v./n.), lodger (n.)
They found cheap lodging near the station during their trip to London.
他们在伦敦旅行期间在车站附近找到了便宜的住处。
4district
区，地区
讲解名词，指城市中的区、地区，比 area 更强调行政或功能划分。
记忆源自拉丁语 districtus（管辖区域），联想“被划分出的区域”。
搭配business district, residential district, school district
近义area, region, zone
派生district-wide (adj.)
This district is famous for its lively markets and historic architecture.
这个地区以热闹的市场和历史悠久的建筑而闻名。
5county
郡，县
讲解英国等国家的行政区划单位，比 city 大、比 country 小，常与 in 连用。
搭配county council, county town, in the county
近义district, region, shire
派生countywide
He grew up in a quiet county in the south of England.
他在英格兰南部一个安静的郡长大。
6hamlet
小村庄
讲解指比 village 更小的村落，通常没有教堂或商店，多用于英式英语。
搭配a remote hamlet, a tiny hamlet, in a hamlet
近义village, settlement, small town
反义city, metropolis
They moved to a tiny hamlet surrounded by green hills and farms.
他们搬到了一个被青山和农场环绕的小村庄。
7lease
出租
讲解作动词指按合同长期租用或出租房屋、土地；作名词指租约。
搭配lease a house, on a long lease, sign a lease
近义rent, hire, let
反义buy, own
派生leaseholder, leasing
They decided to lease the apartment for another two years.
他们决定再租这套公寓两年。
8pull up stakes
离开，搬家
讲解口语表达，指离开原居地、搬家或迁往别处，多含彻底告别之意。
搭配pull up stakes and move, decide to pull up stakes
近义move away, relocate, uproot
反义settle down, put down roots
After ten years in the city, they finally pulled up stakes and moved abroad.
在城市住了十年后，他们终于收拾行装搬到了国外。
9tenant
房客；佃户
讲解指租房或租地的人，与 landlord 相对；法律语境中也可指租户。
搭配a tenant farmer, evict a tenant, tenant rights
近义renter, occupant, lessee
反义landlord, owner
派生tenancy, tenanted
The tenant pays the rent on the first day of every month.
房客在每个月的第一天交房租。
10landlord
房东
讲解指出租房屋或土地的人，与 tenant 相对；也可指客栈、酒馆老板。
搭配the landlord of a pub, pay the landlord, landlord and tenant
近义property owner, lessor, innkeeper
反义tenant, renter
派生landlordism
The landlord promised to repair the heating before winter arrived.
房东答应在冬天到来前修好暖气。
11heir
继承人
讲解可数名词，指法定或遗嘱指定的继承人；注意与 heiress（女继承人）区分
记忆联想：heir 发音近“爱尔”，继承“爱”与家业
搭配sole heir, rightful heir, heir to the throne, heir apparent
近义successor, inheritor, beneficiary
反义ancestor, predecessor
As the sole heir to the family estate, she felt both privileged and burdened.
作为家族财产的唯一继承人，她既感到荣幸又感到负担沉重。
12dormmate
室友
讲解可数名词，口语常用，指同住一间宿舍的人；正式场合多用 roommate
记忆拆分：dorm（宿舍）+ mate（伙伴）→ 宿舍伙伴
搭配college dormmate, former dormmate, my dormmate
近义roommate, flatmate, housemate
派生dormitory, dorm
My dormmate and I often stay up late discussing our future careers.
我的室友和我经常熬夜讨论未来的职业规划。
13warden
监督员；管理员
讲解可数名词，可指宿舍管理员、监狱长或公园管理员，具体含义看语境
搭配prison warden, park warden, dormitory warden, traffic warden
近义supervisor, administrator, keeper
派生wardenship
The warden patrols the dormitory every night to ensure students follow the rules.
管理员每晚在宿舍楼巡查，确保学生遵守规定。
14bungalow (
带走廊的)平房
讲解可数名词，指单层带走廊的低矮房屋，常见于东南亚和英国住宅区
记忆源自印度语 bangla，原指孟加拉风格房屋
搭配seaside bungalow, holiday bungalow, detached bungalow
近义cottage, villa, single-storey house
They spent their holiday in a charming bungalow overlooking the sea.
他们在一个俯瞰大海的迷人平房里度过了假期。
15dormitory
寝室
讲解可数名词，较正式，指学校或机构提供的集体宿舍楼
搭配student dormitory, dormitory room, dormitory building
近义residence hall, dorm, hostel
派生dorm, dormmate
The university provides a comfortable dormitory for first-year international students.
大学为一年级国际学生提供舒适的宿舍。
16dorm
宿舍
讲解dormitory 的口语缩略形式，非正式场合常用，美式英语尤为常见
记忆缩略：dormitory 去掉后缀 -itory 保留词根 dorm
搭配in the dorm, dorm life, dorm room, college dorm
近义residence hall, dormitory, hostel
派生dormitory, dormmate
I usually hang out with my friends in the dorm after finishing my assignments.
完成作业后，我通常和朋友们在宿舍里闲逛。
17mall
购物中心
讲解可数名词，指大型封闭式购物中心，美式常用；英式也常说 shopping centre
搭配shopping mall, at the mall, go to the mall
近义shopping centre, plaza, arcade
派生mall rat（爱逛商场的年轻人）
We spent the whole afternoon wandering around the new shopping mall downtown.
我们整个下午都在市中心新开的购物中心闲逛。
18storey
楼层
讲解英式拼写 storey，美式拼作 story；指楼层时复数为 storeys/stories
搭配a two-storey house, on the top storey, the ground storey
近义floor, level
派生storeyed（有…层的，如 multi-storeyed）
Their apartment is on the fifth storey of a building without a lift.
他们的公寓在一栋没有电梯的楼的第五层。
19hall
门厅；礼堂
讲解可数名词，既指进门处的门厅，也指大型礼堂、大厅，含义随语境变化
搭配entrance hall, concert hall, city hall
近义lobby, corridor, auditorium
派生hallway（走廊；门厅）
Guests gathered in the hall to wait for the wedding ceremony to begin.
宾客们聚集在门厅里等待婚礼仪式开始。
20escalator 〈
美〉自动扶梯
讲解美式常用 escalator，英式亦通用；指自动扶梯，注意与电梯 lift/elevator 区分
搭配take the escalator, ride an escalator, an escalator to the second floor
近义moving staircase
派生escalate（升级；加剧）
Take the escalator to the third floor, where the toy shop is.
乘自动扶梯到三楼，玩具店就在那里。
21furniture
家具
讲解不可数名词，无复数形式，不能说 a furniture 或 furnitures，计量用 a piece of
搭配a piece of furniture, office furniture, modern furniture
近义furnishings, household goods
派生furnished（配备家具的）, furnishing
They bought some new furniture for the living room last weekend.
他们上周末为客厅买了一些新家具。
22mattress
床垫
讲解可数名词，指床垫，常与 bed 搭配使用；弹簧床垫为 spring mattress
搭配a firm mattress, a soft mattress, replace the mattress
近义cushion, pad
派生mat（垫子）
A good mattress is essential if you want to sleep well at night.
如果你想晚上睡得好，一张好床垫是必不可少的。
23tab
标签
讲解常指易拉罐拉环、文件标签页；也可指账单、费用
搭配pull tab, tab key, pick up the tab
近义label, tag, flap
派生tabbed
She peeled off the tab on the envelope to open it quickly.
她撕下信封上的标签，迅速打开了信封。
24curtain
窗帘，门帘
讲解可作名词窗帘、幕布；draw/pull the curtains 表示拉窗帘
搭配draw the curtains, curtain call, behind the curtain
近义drape, blind, screen
反义opening, exposure
Please draw the curtains before the film starts, so the room is dark.
请在电影开始前拉上窗帘，让房间暗下来。
25bulb
灯泡
讲解指灯泡，也可指植物的鳞茎；burn out 常与 bulb 连用
搭配light bulb, bulb socket, change a bulb
近义lamp, light, globe
派生bulbous
The bulb in the hallway has burned out, so it is completely dark.
走廊里的灯泡烧坏了，所以一片漆黑。
26barrel
桶，圆筒
讲解多指木制或金属大桶，也可指枪管、石油单位“桶”
搭配oil barrel, barrel of, barrel roll
近义cask, drum, keg
派生barrelful
They stored rainwater in a large barrel beside the old farmhouse.
他们把雨水储存在老农舍旁边的一个大桶里。
27bucket
水桶
讲解日常指水桶；a bucket list 指人生愿望清单
搭配a bucket of, bucket list, kick the bucket
近义pail, container, tub
派生bucketful
He filled the bucket with soapy water and began washing the car.
他把水桶装满肥皂水，开始洗车。
28broom
扫帚
讲解指扫帚；new broom 可喻指新上任并想改革的人
搭配broom handle, sweep with a broom, a new broom
近义brush, sweeper
派生broomstick
She grabbed a broom and swept the fallen leaves off the path.
她拿起扫帚，把落叶从小路上扫掉。
29stove
炉
讲解可数名词，指做饭用的炉灶；美式常说 stove，英式常用 cooker
搭配electric stove, gas stove, on the stove
近义cooker, range, burner
派生stovetop（炉灶台面）
She left the soup simmering on the stove while she answered the phone.
她接电话时让汤在炉子上慢慢炖着。
30refrigerator
冰箱；冷藏库
讲解可数名词，正式说法；口语中常缩略为 fridge
搭配in the refrigerator, refrigerator door, a refrigerator full of food
近义fridge, freezer（冷冻柜）
派生refrigerate（冷藏）, refrigeration（冷藏）
Please put the milk back in the refrigerator before it goes bad.
请把牛奶放回冰箱，免得坏了。
31wire
金属丝；电线
讲解名词，指金属丝或电线；也可作动词，意为「接电线、安装线路」
搭配a piece of wire, wire cutters, live wire（带电电线）
近义cable, cord, line
派生wiring（线路）, wireless（无线的）
The technician used a thin wire to reconnect the broken circuit.
技术员用一根细金属丝重新连接断开的电路。
32coffer
保险箱
讲解可数名词，指存放钱财的保险箱；也指「金库、资金」，属较正式或文学用词
搭配a strong coffer, store in a coffer
近义safe, strongbox, chest
派生coffers（复数，指资金、国库）
The old man kept his savings in a heavy iron coffer under the bed.
老人把积蓄放在床下一个沉重的铁保险箱里。
33real estate
房地产
讲解不可数名词短语，指房地产、不动产；作定语时常用 real estate agent/market
搭配real estate agent, real estate market, invest in real estate
近义property, realty, land
派生realtor（房地产经纪人，美式）
Investing in real estate can be profitable, but it also carries significant risks.
投资房地产可能有利可图，但也伴随着巨大风险。
34staircase
楼梯
讲解可数名词，指建筑物内的楼梯（含扶手、台阶的整体）；台阶单级为 step
搭配a spiral staircase, climb the staircase, at the top of the staircase
近义stairs, stairway
派生stair（一级台阶）, stairwell（楼梯井）
She hurried down the narrow staircase to catch the morning bus.
她匆匆走下狭窄的楼梯去赶早班公交车。
35parcel
包裹
讲解可数名词，指邮寄的包裹；英式英语常用，美式多说 package
搭配send a parcel, a parcel of, parcel post
近义package, packet
派生parcel out（分发）
She wrapped the fragile gift carefully and sent it as a parcel to her sister.
她小心地包好易碎的礼物，作为包裹寄给了妹妹。
36valuables
贵重物品
讲解恒用复数形式，指珠宝、现金等贵重物品；不可说 a valuable
搭配keep valuables safe, store valuables, personal valuables
近义treasures, precious items
反义junk, trash
Guests are advised to leave their valuables in the hotel safe while swimming.
客人游泳时被建议把贵重物品存放在酒店保险箱里。
37pearl
珍珠
讲解可数名词；引申义指珍品或杰出的人，如 a pearl of wisdom
搭配a string of pearls, pearl necklace, cultured pearl
近义gem, jewel
派生pearly（珍珠般的）
The necklace was set with a single pearl that glowed softly in the light.
这条项链镶着一颗在光下泛着柔光的珍珠。
38quartz
石英
讲解不可数名词，指矿物石英；常作定语，如 quartz watch
搭配quartz crystal, quartz watch, rose quartz
派生quartzite（石英岩）
This watch uses a quartz movement, so it keeps time far more accurately.
这块表采用石英机芯，因此走时准得多。
39debt
债，债务
讲解可数或不可数名词；in debt 表负债，get into debt 表开始欠债
搭配pay off a debt, in debt, get into debt, national debt
近义liability, arrears
反义credit, surplus
派生debtor（债务人）
He worked two jobs for years just to pay off his credit card debt.
他多年打两份工，只为还清信用卡债务。
40shilling
先令
讲解英国旧币制货币单位，1先令等于12便士；1971年币改后停用
搭配a few shillings, shilling coin
近义penny, pound
派生shilling's worth
In the old novel, a loaf of bread cost only a few shillings in London.
在那部旧小说里，伦敦一条面包只要几先令。
41guinea
几尼(英国旧时货币单位)
讲解几尼是英国旧时货币单位，1几尼等于21先令，今多用于拍卖、赛马等场合。
搭配pay in guineas, a guinea coin
近义sovereign, pound sterling
派生guinea pig（豚鼠；实验对象）
The antique vase was sold for two hundred guineas at the London auction.
那只古董花瓶在伦敦拍卖会上以两百几尼成交。
42visa
签证
讲解可数名词，常与 apply for、grant、renew 等动词搭配，雅思阅读与写作中常涉及移民政策话题。
搭配apply for a visa, visa application, entry visa, visa-free travel
近义permit, entry pass
反义visa ban
派生visa-free（免签的）
You must apply for a student visa before you can enrol at a British university.
你必须先申请学生签证才能在英国大学注册。
43postcode
邮政编码
讲解英式英语常用 postcode，美式英语多用 zip code；雅思听力中常出现在地址填空题里。
搭配postcode area, enter your postcode, postcode lottery
近义zip code, postal code
派生postcoded（标有邮政编码的）
Please write your full address and postcode clearly on the delivery form.
请在送货单上清楚地写下你的完整地址和邮政编码。
44luggage
行李
讲解不可数名词，不能说 a luggage 或 luggages；表示一件行李用 a piece of luggage。
搭配hand luggage, excess luggage, luggage rack, check-in luggage
近义baggage, belongings
派生luggage-free（无行李的）
Passengers are advised to keep their luggage with them at all times in the terminal.
建议乘客在航站楼内始终随身携带行李。
45storeroom
贮藏室
讲解由 store 与 room 复合而成，指存放物品的房间，比 warehouse 规模小。
记忆记忆法：store（储存）+ room（房间）→ 储存东西的房间。
搭配a locked storeroom, store room supplies
近义stockroom, storage room
派生store（动词，储存）
The school keeps sports equipment and cleaning supplies in a small storeroom.
学校把运动器材和清洁用品存放在一个小贮藏室里。
46courtyard
庭院，院子
讲解指房屋或建筑群围成的院子，常与 enclosed、sunny 等形容词搭配。
记忆记忆法：court（庭院）+ yard（院子）→ 围起来的院子。
搭配an inner courtyard, a courtyard garden, courtyard house
近义patio, quadrangle
派生courtyard house（四合院）
Guests can enjoy breakfast in the quiet courtyard behind the hotel.
客人可以在酒店后面安静的庭院里享用早餐。
47attic
阁楼；顶楼
讲解可数名词，指房屋顶层屋顶下的空间，常用来堆放杂物；与 loft 相比更强调旧式住宅的阁楼
搭配in the attic; convert the attic; attic room
近义loft; garret
派生attic window 阁楼窗户
We stored all the old furniture and dusty boxes up in the attic.
我们把所有旧家具和积满灰尘的箱子都存放在阁楼里。
48patio
露台，平台
讲解可数名词，指房屋外与地面相连的铺砌平台，常与花园相连；与 balcony 不同，patio 通常在一楼
搭配on the patio; paved patio; patio door
近义terrace; courtyard
派生patio doors 通往露台的玻璃推拉门
On warm evenings we enjoy dinner on the patio behind our house.
温暖的傍晚，我们在屋后的露台上享用晚餐。
49vicinity
近邻
讲解名词，指附近地区；常用 in the vicinity (of sth) 表示“在……附近”，比 near 更正式，适合雅思写作
搭配in the vicinity of; within the vicinity; immediate vicinity
近义neighbourhood; surroundings; proximity
派生vicinal 邻近的
Several good restaurants and a supermarket are within the vicinity of our new flat.
我们新公寓附近有几家不错的餐厅和一家超市。
50sibling
兄；弟；姐；妹
讲解可数名词，指兄弟姐妹；性别不明时用 sibling，正式且中性，常见于学术与雅思写作
搭配sibling rivalry; younger sibling; sibling relationship
近义brother or sister
派生sibling rivalry 手足竞争
Growing up with three siblings taught me how to share and compromise.
和三个兄弟姐妹一起长大教会了我如何分享和妥协。
51loner
孤僻的人，不合群的人
讲解可数名词，指喜欢独处、不善社交的人，常含轻微贬义，也可中性描述性格
搭配a bit of a loner; regarded as a loner
近义solitary person; recluse
反义social butterfly; extrovert
派生lone 独自的；lonely 孤独的
He was seen as a loner at school because he rarely joined group activities.
他在学校里被视为不合群的人，因为他很少参加集体活动。
52mood
心情，情绪
讲解可数或不可数名词，指情绪、心境；常用 in a good/bad mood 表示心情好坏
记忆联想 mood 与 moon：月亮变化影响人的情绪
搭配in a good mood; bad mood; mood swings; put sb in a mood
近义temper; frame of mind; spirits
反义depression; gloom
派生moody 情绪多变的；moodily 闷闷不乐地
A brisk walk in the morning can greatly improve your mood for the whole day.
早晨快走能大大改善你一整天的心情。
53hang on
抓住；坚持下去；别挂断
讲解多义短语：抓牢、坚持、电话中让对方别挂断，需按语境判断
搭配hang on to sth; hang on a minute; hang on tight
近义hold on; cling to; persevere
反义let go; give up
派生hang-up（名词，烦恼/困扰）
Hang on to the railing while the bus is moving, or you might fall.
公交车行驶时抓住扶手，否则你可能会摔倒。
54freefone
免费电话
讲解英式拼写，多指企业提供的免费服务电话；美式常用 toll-free number
搭配freefone number; call freefone; freefone service
近义toll-free line; hotline
派生freephone（同义异拼）
You can call the freefone number to reserve tickets without paying anything.
你可以拨打免费电话预订门票，无需支付任何费用。
55in favour of
赞同，支持
讲解表示支持某人或某计划，后接名词或动名词；英式拼写 favour，美式 favor
搭配be in favour of; argue in favour of; vote in favour of
近义in support of; in approval of
反义against; opposed to
派生favourable（有利的）；favourite（最喜爱的）
Most residents are in favour of building a new park in the neighbourhood.
大多数居民赞成在社区里建一座新公园。
56empathy
同情；同感
讲解不可数名词，指设身处地理解他人情感的能力，常与 with/towards 连用
搭配show empathy; have empathy for; empathy with sb
近义compassion; understanding
反义indifference; apathy
派生empathetic（有同理心的）；empathize（产生同感）
Good doctors show empathy by listening carefully to what patients really feel.
好医生会通过认真倾听病人的真实感受来表现同理心。
57letdown
失望，沮丧
讲解可数名词，多用于口语，指令人失望的人或事，常与 real/big 搭配
搭配a real letdown; feel a letdown; be a letdown to sb
近义disappointment; anticlimax
反义delight; boost
派生let down（动词短语，使失望）
The cancelled concert turned out to be a real letdown for all the fans.
取消的音乐会对所有粉丝来说真是件令人失望的事。
58stoicism
坚忍，隐忍
讲解不可数名词，指面对痛苦或困难时平静忍耐的品质，源自斯多葛哲学
搭配with stoicism; display stoicism; remarkable stoicism
近义endurance; fortitude
反义weakness; panic
派生stoic（坚忍的；坚忍者）；stoically（坚忍地）
His stoicism during the long illness impressed everyone who knew him.
他在长期患病期间的坚忍让所有认识他的人都深受触动。
59panache
潇洒，气派
讲解不可数名词，多含褒义，强调做事时展现的自信与风采，常用于表演、风格类语境
记忆联想 fashion（时尚）中的 -an- 气质，panache 就是自带风度
搭配with panache, perform with panache, add panache to sth
近义flair, style, verve
反义dullness, blandness
She performed the tango with such panache that the whole audience rose to their feet.
她跳探戈时潇洒自如，全场观众都起立鼓掌。
60unglamorous
无趣的，乏味的
讲解形容词，由 un-（否定）+ glamorous（迷人的）构成，常修饰工作、任务等，含客观描述而非强烈贬义
记忆un- 表否定，glamorous 源自 grammar 的变体，本指有学问的魔力，故 unglamorous 即毫无魔力
搭配unglamorous work, unglamorous task, seem unglamorous
近义dull, mundane, unexciting
反义glamorous, exciting, appealing
派生unglamorously
Much of the research work is unglamorous but essential to scientific progress.
许多研究工作枯燥乏味，却对科学进步至关重要。
61focal
焦点的，受关注的
讲解形容词，常与 point 搭配，focal point 指注意力或活动的中心，也可修饰 issue、role 等
记忆源自 focus（焦点），focal 即“焦点的”，联想相机对焦
搭配focal point, focal issue, play a focal role
近义central, key, pivotal
反义peripheral, marginal
派生focally
The new library became the focal point of campus life within a year.
新图书馆一年之内就成了校园生活的焦点。
62ardent
热烈的；激情的
讲解形容词，语气比 enthusiastic 更强烈，常修饰 supporter、fan、belief 等，书面与口语皆可
记忆源自拉丁语 ardere（燃烧），内心燃烧即热烈
搭配ardent supporter, ardent fan, ardent desire
近义passionate, fervent, zealous
反义indifferent, apathetic
派生ardently, ardency
He is an ardent supporter of environmental protection and volunteers every weekend.
他是环境保护的热烈支持者，每个周末都去做志愿者。
63brisk
轻快的，生气勃勃的
讲解形容词，可形容动作轻快有力，也可形容天气清爽或生意兴隆，注意语境不同含义有别
记忆联想 risk（冒险）前加 b，快步走带点冒险的活力
搭配a brisk walk, brisk business, brisk pace
近义lively, quick, energetic
反义sluggish, slow, lethargic
派生briskly, briskness
A brisk walk in the morning helps me stay focused throughout the day.
早晨轻快地散步有助于我一整天保持专注。
64enigmatic
费解的；难以捉摸的
讲解形容词，常修饰 smile、person、message 等，强调难以理解或捉摸，略带神秘色彩
记忆源自希腊语 ainigma（谜语），enigmatic 即“像谜一样的”
搭配enigmatic smile, enigmatic figure, remain enigmatic
近义mysterious, puzzling, cryptic
反义clear, obvious, straightforward
派生enigmatically
Her enigmatic smile left everyone wondering what she was really thinking.
她那神秘的微笑让每个人都猜不透她到底在想什么。
65enthralling
迷人的，非常有趣的
讲解形容词，常修饰故事、表演、纪录片等，强调牢牢吸引注意力，语气比 interesting 强
记忆联想 en-（使）+ thrall（奴役）→ 使人像被奴役般着迷
搭配an enthralling story / an enthralling performance / be enthralling to watch
近义fascinating, captivating, gripping
反义boring, dull
派生enthrall v. 使着迷；enthrallingly adv. 迷人地
The documentary about deep-sea creatures was so enthralling that I watched it twice.
那部关于深海生物的纪录片太迷人了，我看了两遍。
66gruesome
令人厌恶的，恐怖的
讲解形容词，多修饰场景、细节、伤口等，强调因血腥残暴而令人厌恶，写作中可用于影视、犯罪话题
记忆联想 grue（颤抖）+ some → 让人吓得发抖的
搭配gruesome scene / gruesome details / a gruesome murder
近义horrifying, ghastly, macabre
反义pleasant, delightful
派生gruesomely adv. 可怕地；gruesomeness n. 恐怖
The film contains some gruesome scenes that are unsuitable for young children.
这部电影包含一些不适合幼童观看的恐怖场景。
67puny
小的；微不足道的
讲解形容词，含贬义，强调因太小、太弱而显得微不足道，可指物体、数量、力量
记忆联想 puny 与 tiny 押韵，都表示“小”，但 puny 更强调弱小可怜
搭配a puny little man / puny efforts / puny compared with
近义tiny, feeble, insignificant
反义huge, powerful
派生punily adv. 微弱地；puniness n. 弱小
Compared with the huge stadium, the old training ground looks rather puny.
与那座巨大的体育场相比，这块旧训练场显得相当小。
68bring out
出版；激起，鼓励
讲解短语动词，本义“拿出、出版”，引申为“使显露、激发”，bring out the best/worst in sb 是高频搭配
记忆联想把内在的东西“带出来”→ 激发、显露
搭配bring out the best in sb / bring out a new book / bring out the worst in sb
近义reveal, release, publish
反义suppress, conceal
派生bring out 为短语，无派生词
The new policy is intended to bring out the best in young entrepreneurs.
这项新政策旨在激发年轻创业者的最佳潜能。
69egocentric
自我中心的
讲解形容词，含贬义，指只考虑自己、缺乏对他人感受的关注，常用于人物性格描写
记忆词根 ego（我）+ centr（中心）+ ic → 以自我为中心
搭配an egocentric person / egocentric behaviour / be egocentric about
近义self-centred, selfish, narcissistic
反义altruistic, selfless
派生egocentricity n. 自我中心；egocentrically adv. 以自我为中心地
He is too egocentric to notice how his behaviour affects his colleagues.
他太以自我为中心，注意不到自己的行为如何影响同事。
70cult
狂热崇拜
讲解名词，指对人或事物的狂热崇拜，cult following 指小众而狂热的粉丝群体，也可指邪教
记忆联想 culture 去掉 ure，剩下 cult，本指“耕作、崇拜”
搭配a cult following / a cult film / join a cult / the cult of celebrity
近义craze, fad, sect
反义mainstream
派生cultic adj. 崇拜的；cultish adj. 有崇拜色彩的
The small brand quickly developed a cult following among young urban cyclists.
这个小型品牌很快在年轻的城市骑行爱好者中形成了一批狂热追随者。
71fate
命运，天数
讲解不可数名词，指命中注定的力量或结局；也指人或事物的命运走向
记忆联想：fate 与 fatal（致命的）同源，都含“命中注定”之意
搭配meet one's fate, a twist of fate, decide one's fate
近义destiny, fortune, doom
派生fateful, fated
She believed it was fate that brought them together in that small town.
她相信是命运让他们在那个小镇相遇。
72foe
敌人，仇敌
讲解可数名词，多用于文学或正式语境，比 enemy 更书面、更具修辞色彩
记忆foe 与 enemy 首字母不同，可记“f 开头更书面”
搭配a common foe, a formidable foe, friend or foe
近义enemy, adversary, opponent
反义friend, ally
The knight swore to defend his homeland against any foe.
骑士发誓要抵御任何敌人，保卫家园。
73toddler
幼童
讲解可数名词，指约一至三岁刚学步的幼儿，比 baby 更强调会走路阶段
记忆toddle 意为“蹒跚学步”，-er 表人，故为学步的孩子
搭配a toddler's tantrum, toddler food, a toddler group
近义infant, young child, baby
派生toddle
The toddler took her first wobbly steps across the living room.
那个幼童摇摇晃晃地迈出了穿过客厅的第一步。
74flat
公寓
讲解英式英语常用，指一套公寓；美式英语多用 apartment
记忆flat 本义“平的”，楼层平整分层故指一层公寓
搭配a two-bedroom flat, rent a flat, a block of flats
近义apartment, studio, lodgings
派生flatmate
They rented a small flat near the university to save on commuting.
他们在大学附近租了一间小公寓以节省通勤时间。
75deposit
押金
讲解此处指租房押金；也指银行存款、定金或沉积物，含义随语境变化
记忆de-（向下）+ posit（放）→ 放下存放的钱，即押金
搭配pay a deposit, a security deposit, a deposit account
近义down payment, security, pledge
派生depositor, deposition
The landlord asked for a deposit of two months' rent before signing.
房东在签约前要求支付两个月房租的押金。
76outright
彻底，完全
讲解副词，意为“完全地、直截了当地”；也可作形容词，表示“彻底的、直率的”
记忆out（完全）+ right（正好）→ 完全直接地
搭配reject outright, an outright lie, outright refusal
近义completely, entirely, directly
反义partially, indirectly
The committee rejected the proposal outright without any further discussion.
委员会未经进一步讨论就彻底否决了该提案。
77linen
亚麻的
讲解作形容词指“亚麻制的”，作名词指“亚麻布/亚麻制品”，雅思常考服装面料类话题
记忆联想 line（线）——亚麻最初就是用来纺线的
搭配linen shirt / pure linen / bed linen
近义flaxen, cloth
派生linseed（亚麻籽）
She prefers wearing linen clothes in summer because they feel cool and breathable.
她夏天更喜欢穿亚麻衣服，因为感觉凉爽透气。
78yarn
纱，线，毛线
讲解不可数名词，指纺成的纱线；口语中 a yarn 还可指“离奇的故事”
记忆谐音“ yarn— yarn”联想 yarn 与 yearn（渴望）拼写相近
搭配wool yarn / spin yarn / a ball of yarn
近义thread, fibre
派生yarns（奇谈）
My grandmother spent the whole winter knitting a sweater from thick woollen yarn.
我祖母整个冬天都在用粗毛线织一件毛衣。
79hemp
大麻
讲解不可数名词，指大麻这种植物及其纤维；注意与毒品义区分，雅思环保话题常出现
记忆联想 hem（衣边）+ p，做衣边用的纤维
搭配hemp fibre / hemp seed / industrial hemp
近义cannabis, flax
派生hempen（大麻制的）
Hemp is increasingly used in eco-friendly textiles and building materials.
大麻正越来越多地用于环保纺织品和建筑材料。
80leather
皮革，皮革制品
讲解不可数名词，指皮革；指“皮衣/皮制品”时可作可数，如 a leather
记忆联想 weather（天气）——皮革要经得起天气考验
搭配genuine leather / leather goods / leather sofa
近义hide, skin
派生leathery（皮革般的，坚韧的）
This leather jacket cost me a fortune but it will last for many years.
这件皮夹克花了我一大笔钱，但能穿很多年。
81stationery
文具
讲解不可数名词，指文具；易与 stationary（静止的）混淆，是雅思常见拼写陷阱
记忆stationery 含 e，联想“e 是买文具的电子订单”
搭配stationery shop / office stationery / a piece of stationery
近义writing materials, supplies
I bought some stationery, including pens, notebooks and a stapler, for the new term.
我为新学期买了一些文具，包括笔、笔记本和订书机。
82laundry
洗衣；洗衣店
讲解不可数名词，指待洗/已洗的衣物或洗衣这件事；也可指“洗衣店”
记忆联想 laundry 与 laundry room（洗衣房）一起记
搭配do the laundry / laundry basket / laundry detergent
近义washing, wash
派生launder（洗涤；洗钱）
I usually do the laundry on weekends and hang the clothes out to dry.
我通常周末洗衣服，然后把衣服挂出去晾干。
83garment
衣服
讲解可数名词，多指一件做工讲究的衣服，比 clothes 更正式具体
搭配delicate garment, silk garment, protective garment
近义clothing, attire, apparel
派生garment 本身即名词，无常见派生
She hung the delicate silk garment on a padded hanger to keep its shape.
她把那件精致的丝绸衣服挂在有衬垫的衣架上以保持其形状。
84ribbon
丝带，绸带
讲解可数名词，指细长的装饰性带状物；也指勋带、打字机色带
搭配red ribbon, silk ribbon, a ribbon of
近义band, strip, sash
派生ribboned（饰有丝带的）
The little girl tied a bright red ribbon in her hair before the party.
小女孩在派对前在头发上系了一条鲜红的丝带。
85lace
网眼织物，蕾丝(花边)
讲解不可数名词，指有网眼的透孔织物；lace 也指鞋带、系带
搭配lace curtain, lace trim, fine lace
近义netting, mesh
派生lacy（蕾丝的，花边的）
Her wedding dress was trimmed with fine lace along the neckline and sleeves.
她的婚纱在领口和袖口处镶着精致的蕾丝花边。
86disinfectant
杀菌剂，消毒剂
讲解不可数名词，指用于杀灭病菌的化学制剂；可作可数指某一种
搭配spray disinfectant, apply disinfectant, a strong disinfectant
近义antiseptic, sanitizer, germicide
派生disinfect（消毒），disinfection（消毒）
Clean the kitchen counter with a disinfectant to kill harmful bacteria.
用消毒剂清洁厨房台面以杀灭有害细菌。
87tint
给…轻微染色
讲解及物动词，指给某物轻微上色；也可作名词，指淡淡的色调
搭配tint sth blue, a tint of, hair tint
近义dye, colour, shade
派生tinted（带色的），tinting（着色）
The photographer decided to tint the black-and-white portrait a warm sepia.
摄影师决定把这张黑白肖像染成温暖的棕褐色。
88anoint
涂油(水)于(人头或身上)
讲解及物动词，指把油或水涂于人身，多用于宗教仪式，较正式
搭配anoint sb with oil, anoint the head
近义consecrate, smear, rub
派生anointment（涂油仪式）
In some religious ceremonies, priests anoint the forehead with holy oil.
在一些宗教仪式中，神父用圣油涂抹额头。
89filth
污物；污秽
讲解不可数名词，指肮脏的污物或道德上的污秽，常与介词 in 连用
搭配accumulate filth, covered in filth, a layer of filth
近义dirt, grime, muck
反义cleanliness, purity
派生filthy (adj. 肮脏的)
The kitchen was covered in filth after the tenants moved out.
租客搬走后，厨房里到处都是污秽。
90strigil
刮身板；搔肤器
讲解可数名词，指古代用于刮除身体油污的弯曲工具，多用于历史或考古语境
搭配use a strigil, a bronze strigil
近义scraper, skin scraper
Ancient Romans used a strigil to scrape oil and dirt off their skin.
古罗马人用刮身板刮去皮肤上的油和污垢。
91cafeteria
自助餐厅
讲解可数名词，多指学校、公司等场所的自助式餐厅，强调自取食物
搭配school cafeteria, cafeteria food, eat in the cafeteria
近义canteen, dining hall
派生cafeterial (adj. 罕见的形容词形式)
We grabbed a quick lunch at the cafeteria before the afternoon lecture.
下午讲座前我们在自助餐厅匆匆吃了午饭。
92canteen
餐厅，食堂
讲解可数名词，英式英语常用，指工厂、学校、军营等内部的食堂
搭配staff canteen, canteen food, canteen queue
近义cafeteria, dining hall, mess
派生canteen worker (食堂工作人员)
The factory canteen serves hot meals to hundreds of workers every day.
工厂食堂每天为数百名工人提供热餐。
93refectory (
学院)餐厅，食堂
讲解可数名词，多指大学、修道院等机构内的餐厅，语气较正式
搭配college refectory, monastic refectory
近义dining hall, cafeteria, canteen
Dinner is served in the college refectory from six to eight.
学院餐厅的晚餐供应时间是六点到八点。
94nutmeg
肉豆蔻粉
讲解不可数名词，指磨碎的肉豆蔻香料，常用于甜点和热饮调味
搭配a pinch of nutmeg, grated nutmeg, sprinkle nutmeg
近义mace (肉豆蔻衣，近亲香料)
派生nutmeggy (adj. 肉豆蔻味的)
A pinch of nutmeg adds warmth to the creamy pumpkin soup.
一小撮肉豆蔻粉为奶油南瓜汤增添了暖香。
95mace
肉豆蔻
讲解肉豆蔻，指肉豆蔻干皮磨成的香料，常用于西式汤、酱汁和烘焙中，用量少但香气浓。
记忆联想 mac(e) 与 match：一撮 mace 像火柴头那么小，却香气十足。
搭配a pinch of mace; ground mace; blade of mace
近义nutmeg; spice; seasoning
派生mace-like
The recipe calls for a pinch of mace to give the soup a warm aroma.
这道食谱需要加一点肉豆蔻，给汤增添温暖的香气。
96cookery
烹调法
讲解多指烹饪术或烹饪课，英式常用 cookery course/book，美式更常讲 cooking class。
记忆cook + ery，可记成“与做饭有关的技艺与场所”。
搭配cookery course; cookery book; cookery school
近义cooking; cuisine; culinary art
派生cook; cooker; cookery
She enrolled in a cookery course to master basic French techniques.
她报名参加了一门烹饪课程，以掌握基本的法式技法。
97ounce
盎司
讲解重量单位，1 盎司约 28.35 克；缩写为 oz，常用于西式食谱和商品标签。
记忆谐音“盎司”，本身就是音译，可直接对应英文 ounce。
搭配an ounce of; fluid ounce; ounce by ounce
近义oz; unit of weight
派生ounce
Add four ounces of flour and stir until the mixture becomes smooth.
加入四盎司面粉，搅拌至混合物变得顺滑。
98cereal
谷类植物；谷物
讲解可指谷类作物，也可指早餐麦片；作“麦片”时通常不可数，a cereal 指一种麦片。
记忆罗马谷物女神 Ceres 的名字，联想“谷物来自女神”。
搭配breakfast cereal; cereal crop; whole-grain cereal
近义grain; corn; breakfast food
派生cereal
Many nutritionists recommend a bowl of cereal with milk for breakfast.
许多营养学家建议早餐吃一碗加牛奶的麦片。
99cucumber
黄瓜
讲解常见蔬菜，可作可数名词指一根黄瓜；作食材时也可不可数。
记忆联想 cuc 像“酷酷”，umber 像“umber 颜色”，酷酷的绿色长条就是黄瓜。
搭配cucumber salad; slice of cucumber; sea cucumber
近义gherkin; pickle; vegetable
派生cucumber
Slice the cucumber thinly and toss it with yogurt and fresh herbs.
把黄瓜切成薄片，再和酸奶、新鲜香草拌在一起。
100sausage
香肠
讲解指香肠，可数；英式常配 mashed potatoes，美式常作早餐肉或热狗原料。
记忆联想 sauce + age：香肠常和酱汁一起出现，便于记忆。
搭配pork sausage; sausage roll; sausage and mash
近义banger; frankfurter; wiener
派生sausage
He grilled the sausages and served them with mustard and bread.
他烤了香肠，并配上芥末和面包一起吃。
101syrup
糖水
讲解指浓稠的甜味糖浆，常搭配 pancake、waffle；也可指药用糖浆。
搭配maple syrup, corn syrup, cough syrup
近义treacle, molasses, sugar solution
派生syrupy（糖浆般的；甜腻的）
She poured warm maple syrup over the pancakes and served them with fresh berries.
她把温热的枫糖浆浇在煎饼上，并配上新鲜浆果一起端上桌。
102beverage
饮料
讲解较正式的“饮料”统称，书面语和菜单中常见，口语多用 drink。
搭配alcoholic beverage, hot beverage, beverage industry
近义drink, refreshment, liquid refreshment
派生beverage（作定语）beverage company
The café offers a wide range of hot and cold beverages, including herbal teas and fresh juices.
这家咖啡馆提供各种冷热饮品，包括花草茶和鲜榨果汁。
103molasses
糖蜜，糖浆
讲解制糖过程中的深色黏稠副产品，味浓色深，多用于烘焙或调味。
搭配blackstrap molasses, molasses cookies
近义treacle, syrup
派生molasses（作定语）molasses cake
Traditional recipes sometimes use molasses instead of white sugar to add a richer flavour.
传统食谱有时用糖蜜代替白糖，以增添更浓郁的风味。
104alcohol
含酒精饮料，酒；酒精
讲解作“酒”解时不可数，统称含酒精饮料；作“酒精”解指化学物质。
搭配alcohol consumption, alcohol abuse, alcohol-free
近义liquor, spirits, booze（口语）
反义soft drink, non-alcoholic beverage
派生alcoholic, alcoholism
Many universities now run campaigns to warn students about the dangers of excessive alcohol consumption.
许多大学现在开展宣传活动，提醒学生警惕过量饮酒的危害。
105pudding
布丁
讲解英式常指蒸或煮的甜点，美式多指类似卡仕达的软质甜品。
搭配rice pudding, Christmas pudding, pudding basin
近义dessert, sweet, custard
派生pudding（作定语）pudding bowl
For dessert we had a warm chocolate pudding topped with vanilla ice cream.
甜点我们吃了热巧克力布丁，上面浇着香草冰淇淋。
106assortment
各式各样
讲解强调“多种多样、混合搭配”，常与 of 连用，指同类事物的多样组合。
搭配a wide assortment, an assortment of, assortment box
近义variety, selection, mixture, range
派生assort（动词，分类；相配）
The gift shop sells an assortment of handmade chocolates, local jams and small souvenirs.
礼品店出售各式各样的手工巧克力、当地果酱和小纪念品。
107cutlery (
刀、叉等)餐具
讲解不可数名词，统称刀叉勺等餐具，不能说 a cutlery，一件餐具用 a piece of cutlery
搭配a set of cutlery, stainless steel cutlery, lay the cutlery
近义tableware, silverware
派生cutler（刀具商）
The waiter set the cutlery neatly beside each plate before the guests arrived.
客人到达之前，服务员把餐具整齐地摆放在每个盘子旁边。
108cater
满足(需要)
讲解常与 for/to 连用，cater for/to sb/sth 表示迎合、满足需求；cater to 有时含贬义，指一味迎合
搭配cater for, cater to, cater to all tastes
近义serve, provide for, satisfy
派生catering（餐饮业）, caterer（酒席承办者）
The new shopping centre caters for the needs of local families and young professionals.
这座新购物中心满足了当地家庭和年轻专业人士的需求。
109aerobics
有氧运动
讲解不可数名词，指伴随音乐进行的健身操，常与 do 连用，不说 play aerobics
搭配do aerobics, aerobics class, step aerobics
近义cardio, cardio workout
派生aerobic（有氧的）
She does aerobics three times a week to keep fit and reduce stress.
她每周做三次有氧运动来保持健康、缓解压力。
110aerobic
有氧健身的
讲解形容词，指需要氧气参与的、增强心肺的；常修饰 exercise、activity、training
搭配aerobic exercise, aerobic capacity, aerobic training
近义cardiovascular, cardio
反义anaerobic（无氧的）
派生aerobics（有氧运动）, anaerobically（无氧地）
Regular aerobic exercise strengthens the heart and improves overall endurance.
规律的有氧运动能增强心脏功能并提高整体耐力。
111calorie
卡路里(食物的热量单位)
讲解可数名词，口语中常缩略为 cal；低热量食物说 low-calorie，注意与 kilocalorie 的区别
搭配low-calorie, burn calories, count calories
近义energy unit, kcal
派生caloric（热量的）, kilocalorie（千卡）
A single can of soft drink may contain more than a hundred calories.
一罐软饮料所含的热量可能超过一百卡路里。
112track and field
田径
讲解不可数名词短语，指跑、跳、投等田径运动，作定语时用连字符 track-and-field
搭配track and field events, track and field athlete, track and field meeting
近义athletics
派生track-and-field（作定语的）
He won several medals in track and field events at the national games.
他在全国运动会的田径项目中赢得了好几枚奖牌。
113sled
雪橇
讲解可数名词，指滑雪橇这种工具，也作动词表示“乘雪橇”。
搭配ride a sled, pull a sled, dog sled
近义sleigh, toboggan
派生sledding（滑雪橇活动）
The children raced their sled down the snowy hill, laughing all the way.
孩子们坐着雪橇从雪山坡上飞驰而下，一路欢笑。
114badminton
羽毛球
讲解不可数名词，指运动项目；球拍叫 badminton racket，球叫 shuttlecock。
搭配play badminton, badminton court, badminton racket
近义shuttlecock game
派生badminton player（羽毛球运动员）
She plays badminton with her colleagues every Wednesday evening at the sports centre.
她每周三晚上都和同事在体育中心打羽毛球。
115baseball
棒球
讲解不可数名词，指运动；表示“一个棒球”时用 a baseball，可数。
搭配play baseball, baseball bat, baseball cap
近义hardball
派生baseball player（棒球运动员）
Baseball is far more popular in Japan and the United States than in Britain.
棒球在日本和美国远比在英国流行。
116squash
壁球
讲解此处为不可数名词，指壁球运动；作动词时另有“挤压、压扁”之意。
搭配play squash, squash court, squash racket
近义squash rackets
派生squash player（壁球运动员）
Squash is an exhausting sport because the ball moves so fast in a small court.
壁球是一项很耗体力的运动，因为球在小场地里速度极快。
117hockey
曲棍球；冰球
讲解不可数名词，指运动；ice hockey 为冰球，field hockey 为曲棍球。
搭配play hockey, ice hockey, hockey stick, hockey pitch
近义ice hockey, field hockey
派生hockey player（冰球/曲棍球运动员）
Ice hockey is Canada's national winter sport and attracts huge television audiences.
冰球是加拿大的国民冬季运动，吸引着大量电视观众。
118racket (
网球、羽毛球等的)球拍
讲解可数名词，指网球、羽毛球等的球拍；也作动词，意为“喧闹、吵闹”。
搭配tennis racket, badminton racket, racket strings
近义bat, paddle
派生racketeer（诈骗者，词源相关）
He bought a new tennis racket because the strings on his old one had broken.
他买了一把新网球拍，因为旧拍上的线断了。
119Kung fu
中国功夫
讲解不可数名词，指中国武术；首字母常大写，也可写作 kungfu。
搭配practice kung fu, learn kung fu, a kung fu master
近义martial arts, wushu
派生kung fu film 功夫片
Many tourists come to China to learn kung fu from famous masters.
许多游客来中国向名师学习功夫。
120ballroom
舞厅
讲解指酒店等场所内用于跳舞或大型宴会的宽敞大厅。
记忆由 ball（舞会）加 room（房间）构成，即“跳交谊舞的房间”。
搭配ballroom dancing, a hotel ballroom, hold a ball
近义dance hall, function room
They booked a large ballroom for the wedding reception.
他们为婚宴预订了一个大舞厅。
121concert
音乐会，演奏会
讲解可数名词；听音乐会常用 at a concert，不用 in。
搭配go to a concert, a live concert, give a concert
近义gig, musical performance
派生concert hall 音乐厅
Thousands of fans filled the stadium for the rock concert last night.
昨晚成千上万的歌迷挤满体育场观看摇滚音乐会。
122drum
鼓，鼓状物
讲解可数名词；打鼓用 play the drum(s)，乐器前加 the。
搭配play the drums, beat a drum, a drum kit
近义percussion instrument
派生drummer 鼓手
She has played the drum in the school band for three years.
她在校乐队打鼓已经三年了。
123kickboxing
跆拳道
讲解不可数名词，指结合拳击与踢腿的搏击运动；注意与 taekwondo（跆拳道）区分。
记忆kick（踢）+ boxing（拳击）合成，即“又踢又打”的运动。
搭配do kickboxing, a kickboxing class
派生kickboxer 自由搏击运动员
Kickboxing combines powerful punches and kicks in fast training sessions.
跆拳道在快速训练课中结合了有力的拳击和踢腿。
124amateur
业余爱好者
讲解作名词指业余爱好者，作形容词指业余的；反义为 professional。
搭配an amateur player, amateur sports, a talented amateur
近义non-professional, hobbyist
反义professional, expert
派生amateurism 业余性质
He is only an amateur photographer, but his pictures are surprisingly good.
他只是一名业余摄影师，但他的照片出奇地好。
125gathering
聚会
讲解可数名词，指人们聚在一起的社交活动，常与 hold/attend 搭配。
搭配family gathering, social gathering, hold a gathering
近义get-together, party, reunion
派生gather v. 聚集
Every summer our family holds a big gathering in the countryside to celebrate the harvest.
每年夏天我们全家都会在乡下举行一场盛大的聚会来庆祝丰收。
126Nordic
北欧人的；北欧国家的
讲解形容词兼名词，指北欧（斯堪的纳维亚）地区的，首字母常大写。
搭配Nordic countries, Nordic walking, Nordic design
近义Scandinavian
派生Norseman n. 北欧人
Nordic countries such as Sweden and Norway are famous for their high living standards.
瑞典和挪威等北欧国家以高生活水平而闻名。
127Cantonese
广东人(的)；广东话(的)
讲解可作形容词或名词，指广东的、广东人或广东话，首字母必须大写。
搭配Cantonese cuisine, speak Cantonese, Cantonese opera
近义Guangdong dialect（仅指语言时）
派生Canton n. 广州（旧称）
My roommate is Cantonese, so she often cooks delicious dim sum for us on weekends.
我的室友是广东人，所以她常在周末给我们做美味的点心。
128camper
露营者，宿营者
讲解可数名词，由动词 camp 加 -er 构成，指露营的人或露营车。
搭配experienced camper, a group of campers, camper van
近义backpacker, tent dweller
派生camp v. 露营；camping n. 露营活动
The campers pitched their tents by the lake and cooked dinner over an open fire.
露营者在湖边搭起帐篷，并在篝火上做晚饭。
129bump into
不期而遇，邂逅
讲解动词短语，强调偶然遇见，比 meet 更口语化，后直接接人。
搭配bump into sb, bump into each other, happen to bump into
近义run into, come across, meet by chance
反义avoid, miss
I happened to bump into an old classmate while shopping downtown yesterday afternoon.
昨天下午我在市中心购物时碰巧遇到了一位老同学。
130dusk
薄暮，黄昏
讲解不可数名词，指日落前后天色渐暗的时段，常与 at 连用。
搭配at dusk, from dawn to dusk, the dusk of evening
近义twilight, nightfall, sunset
反义dawn, daybreak
派生dusky adj. 昏暗的
We sat on the beach and watched the sky turn orange at dusk.
我们坐在沙滩上，看着天空在黄昏时变成橙色。
131campfire
营火
讲解可数名词，指露营时在户外生起的火，常与 sit around / gather around 连用。
搭配sit around a campfire, gather around the campfire, a blazing campfire
近义bonfire, camp fire, open fire
派生campfire song（营火歌）
We sat around the campfire and shared stories until the stars came out.
我们围坐在营火旁分享故事，直到星星出现。
132crossword
纵横填字游戏
讲解可数名词，do / solve a crossword 表示做填字游戏，常省略 puzzle。
搭配do a crossword, solve a crossword, a crossword puzzle
近义word puzzle, word game
派生crossword clue（填字线索）
My grandfather does the crossword in the newspaper every morning after breakfast.
我爷爷每天早饭后都会做报纸上的纵横填字游戏。
133excursion
远足
讲解可数名词，多指短途集体出游，常与 go on / organize / take 连用。
搭配go on an excursion, a day excursion, a school excursion
近义trip, outing, jaunt
反义staycation（居家度假）
派生excursionist（远足者）
The school organized a weekend excursion to the mountains for all the students.
学校为全体学生组织了一次去山区的周末远足。
134explorer
勘探者，探险者
讲解可数名词，指探索未知地区的人；也可引申为探索某领域的人。
搭配a polar explorer, a space explorer, a great explorer
近义adventurer, traveller, discoverer
派生explore（动词）, exploration（名词）, exploratory（形容词）
The explorer spent three years mapping the unknown rivers of the rainforest.
这位探险者花了三年时间绘制雨林中未知河流的地图。
135canoe
独木舟
讲解可数名词，指用桨划行的轻便小船；作动词时意为划独木舟。
搭配paddle a canoe, go canoeing, a canoe trip
近义kayak, rowing boat
派生canoeing（划独木舟运动）, canoeist（划独木舟者）
They paddled the canoe quietly across the lake at sunrise.
日出时他们静静地划着独木舟穿过湖面。
136highway
公路
讲解可数名词，美式英语常用，指连接城市的主干公路；英式多用 motorway。
搭配a busy highway, the highway code, on the highway
近义motorway, freeway, expressway
派生highwayman（旧时拦路抢劫的强盗）
The highway was closed for repairs, so we took a longer route home.
公路因维修封闭，所以我们走了更长的路线回家。
137metro
地铁
讲解可数名词，英式常用 the metro 指城市地铁系统；美式多说 subway。
搭配take the metro, metro station, metro line
近义subway, underground, tube
派生metropolitan（大都市的）
Taking the metro is often faster than driving during rush hour in big cities.
在大城市的高峰时段，乘地铁通常比开车快。
138flight
航班
讲解可数名词，指一次航班或飞行；注意 on a flight 而非 in a flight。
搭配catch a flight, book a flight, domestic flight
近义journey, trip, air travel
派生flighty（善变的）
Our flight to London was delayed by two hours because of heavy snow.
由于大雪，我们飞往伦敦的航班延误了两个小时。
139aeroplane
飞机
讲解英式拼写 aeroplane，美式拼写 airplane；口语中更常说 plane。
搭配by aeroplane, board an aeroplane, aeroplane ticket
近义plane, aircraft, airplane
The aeroplane climbed steadily after take-off and soon reached cruising altitude.
飞机起飞后平稳爬升，很快达到了巡航高度。
140helicopter
直升飞机
讲解可数名词，常用于救援、军事、观光等场景；注意 heli- 前缀与螺旋桨相关。
搭配rescue helicopter, by helicopter, helicopter pilot
近义chopper, rotorcraft
派生helipad（直升机停机坪）
A rescue helicopter lifted the injured climbers off the mountain before nightfall.
一架救援直升机在天黑前把受伤的登山者从山上吊运下来。
141lead to
导致，通向
讲解后接名词或动名词，不接不定式；lead sb to do sth 表示“使某人做某事”。
搭配lead to success, lead to a decline, lead sb to believe
近义result in, cause, contribute to
反义prevent, avert
A sedentary lifestyle can lead to serious health problems such as obesity and heart disease.
久坐不动的生活方式会导致肥胖和心脏病等严重健康问题。
142suitcase
手提箱；衣箱
讲解可数名词，通常指带硬壳的旅行箱；pack/unpack a suitcase 是常见搭配。
搭配pack a suitcase, unpack a suitcase, wheel a suitcase
近义luggage, case, trunk
派生suitcased（非正式，带手提箱的）
She packed her suitcase carefully the night before her early morning departure.
她在清晨出发的前一晚仔细地收拾好了手提箱。
143bin
大箱子；仓
讲解作名词指大箱子、垃圾桶，也可指仓、储物处
搭配rubbish bin, recycling bin, storage bin
近义container, receptacle, trash can
派生binful 一箱之量
Please throw the empty bottles into the recycling bin near the entrance.
请把空瓶子扔进入口附近的回收箱里。
144glove
手套
讲解常用复数 gloves，一副手套说 a pair of gloves
搭配a pair of gloves, leather gloves, boxing gloves
近义mittens, handwear
派生gloved 戴手套的
She wore a pair of thick woolen gloves because the winter wind was freezing.
因为冬天的风刺骨寒冷，她戴了一副厚羊毛手套。
145carousel
行李传送带
讲解机场取行李处常说 baggage carousel 或 luggage carousel
搭配baggage carousel, luggage carousel, at the carousel
近义conveyor belt, baggage claim
派生carousel 也可指旋转木马
We waited by the baggage carousel for nearly half an hour before our suitcases appeared.
我们在行李传送带旁等了将近半小时，行李箱才出现。
146souvenir
纪念品，纪念物
讲解可数名词，常与 buy, keep, bring back 等搭配
搭配souvenir shop, souvenir from, keep as a souvenir
近义memento, keepsake, token
派生souvenir 作定语：souvenir shop
He bought a small wooden souvenir from the street market to remind him of the trip.
他从街市买了一个小木制纪念品，用来纪念这次旅行。
147statue
塑像
讲解可数名词，常与 erect, unveil, stand 等动词搭配
搭配bronze statue, statue of, erect a statue
近义sculpture, figure, effigy
派生statuary 雕像群；雕像艺术
Tourists gathered around the bronze statue to take photos in the morning sunlight.
游客们聚集在青铜雕像周围，在晨光中拍照。
148roll film
胶卷
讲解roll film 指成卷的胶卷，a roll of film 更常指一卷胶卷
搭配a roll of film, 35mm film, develop film
近义photographic film, film roll
派生film 也可作动词，意为拍摄
My grandfather still keeps a roll of black-and-white film in his old camera bag.
我祖父的旧相机包里还留着一卷黑白胶卷。
149photography
摄影术，摄影
讲解不可数名词，指摄影术或摄影这一活动；表示"一张照片"用 photograph/photo
搭配take up photography, landscape photography, photography skills
近义picture-taking, camerawork
派生photographer 摄影师, photographic 摄影的
She studied photography in Paris and now works for a travel magazine.
她在巴黎学习摄影，现在为一家旅游杂志工作。
150darkroom
暗室
讲解可数名词，指冲洗胶片、印相用的避光房间；由 dark + room 复合而成
搭配a photographic darkroom, develop film in a darkroom
近义dark chamber
派生darkroom technique 暗房技术
Old films were developed in a darkroom lit only by a faint red light.
老式胶片要在只点着微弱红光的暗室里冲洗。
151battery
电池，蓄电池
讲解可数名词，指电池；引申义为"一系列，一连串"，如 a battery of tests
搭配recharge the battery, battery life, a battery of tests
近义cell, power pack
派生battery-powered 用电池驱动的
My phone battery died halfway through the journey, so I couldn't call anyone.
我的手机电池在半路上没电了，所以我没法给任何人打电话。
152cassette
盒式录音(或录像)带
讲解可数名词，指盒式磁带；也可指暗盒、胶卷盒等盒状容器
搭配a cassette tape, cassette recorder, cassette player
近义tape, cartridge
派生cassette tape 盒式磁带
He found an old cassette of his favourite band in the drawer.
他在抽屉里找到了他最喜欢乐队的一盒旧磁带。
153mileage
英里数；英里里程
讲解不可数名词，指行驶的英里数或耗油量；口语中可引申为"好处，收益"
搭配low mileage, annual mileage, get mileage out of sth
近义distance covered, fuel consumption
派生mile 英里
The car is ten years old but has surprisingly low mileage.
这辆车已经十年了，但行驶里程低得惊人。
154yonder
那里，在那边
讲解副词或限定词，意为"在那边"，属文学或古旧用法，多用于诗歌和乡村口语
搭配over yonder, yonder hills
近义over there, beyond
反义here, nearby
The village lies yonder, just beyond those rolling green hills.
那个村庄就在那边，就在那些起伏的绿色山丘之外。
155amenity
生活设施；便利设施
讲解可数名词，常用复数 amenities 指某地或建筑提供的便利设施，雅思写作中常用来描述居住区或酒店。
记忆amenity 与 amiable（亲切的）同源，本义为“令人愉悦之物”，故引申为让人舒适的设施。
搭配basic amenities, local amenities, hotel amenities, public amenities
近义facility, convenience, service
派生amenities（复数形式更常见）
The new residential complex offers excellent amenities, including a gym, a pool and a library.
这个新住宅小区提供极佳的便利设施，包括健身房、游泳池和图书馆。
156majestic
雄伟的；壮丽的
讲解形容词，多形容山、建筑、景观等宏大壮观，语气偏文学，雅思口语描述景物时很好用。
记忆源自拉丁语 majestas（威严），与 majesty（陛下、威严）同根，联想“有威严的”即雄伟的。
搭配majestic mountains, majestic scenery, a majestic building, majestic peaks
近义magnificent, grand, splendid
反义humble, modest
派生majesty, majestically
We stood at the cliff edge, gazing at the majestic mountains stretching into the distance.
我们站在悬崖边，凝望着绵延至远方的雄伟群山。
157promenade
散步场所；海滨步道
讲解名词，指供人散步的步道，尤指海滨或河畔的步行长廊，也可作动词表示“散步、兜风”。
记忆由前缀 pro-（向前）+ min（突出）+ -ade 构成，本义“向前突出的地方”，即步道。
搭配seaside promenade, waterfront promenade, take a promenade, along the promenade
近义walkway, esplanade, boardwalk
派生promenader
Every evening, locals stroll along the seaside promenade, enjoying the cool breeze.
每天傍晚，当地人都沿着海滨步道散步，享受凉爽的微风。
158fountain
喷泉
讲解可数名词，指喷泉或喷泉装置，也引申指源泉、来源，如 a fountain of knowledge。
记忆源自拉丁语 fons（泉、源），与 font（字体、泉源）同源。
搭配water fountain, drinking fountain, a fountain of youth, fountain pen
近义spring, jet, water feature
派生fountainhead, fountain pen
Children threw coins into the fountain and made wishes in the city square.
孩子们往城市广场的喷泉里扔硬币许愿。
159marketplace
市场，集市
讲解名词，指买卖商品的市场或集市，也可抽象指思想、观点的交流场所，如 a marketplace of ideas。
记忆由 market（市场）+ place（地方）合成，即“买卖的地方”。
搭配open-air marketplace, digital marketplace, a marketplace of ideas
近义market, bazaar, fair
派生market（名词/动词）
The old marketplace is bustling with vendors selling fresh produce and handmade crafts.
这个老集市熙熙攘攘，摊贩们出售新鲜农产品和手工艺品。
160townscape
市镇风光
讲解名词，指城镇的整体景观或风貌，常用于建筑、绘画、旅游语境，雅思描述城市景观可用。
记忆由 town（城镇）+ -scape（景观后缀，如 landscape、cityscape）构成。
搭配urban townscape, historic townscape, a picturesque townscape
近义cityscape, landscape, scenery
派生landscape, cityscape, seascape
The painting captures the charming townscape of a Mediterranean village at sunset.
这幅画描绘了日落时地中海村庄迷人的市镇风光。
161incline
斜坡，斜度
讲解作名词指斜坡或斜度，常与 steep/gentle 连用；作动词意为倾向、倾斜
搭配a steep incline, a gentle incline, on an incline
近义slope, gradient, slant
反义decline, descent
派生inclined (倾向于的), inclination (倾向)
The steep incline made it difficult for cyclists to keep up their speed.
陡峭的斜坡让骑自行车的人很难保持速度。
162pavilion
运动员更衣室，休息室
讲解在英式英语中常指运动场的更衣室或休息室，也可指公园里的凉亭
搭配the players' pavilion, a cricket pavilion, a garden pavilion
近义changing room, clubhouse, gazebo
派生pavilioned (有亭子的)
The players gathered in the pavilion to discuss tactics before the second half.
球员们聚集在更衣室里讨论下半场的战术。
163deckchair
折叠躺椅
讲解指可折叠的轻便躺椅，常见于海滩或花园场景，拼写也可作 deck chair
搭配a deckchair on the beach, fold a deckchair, a striped deckchair
近义sun lounger, folding chair, recliner
She unfolded her deckchair and settled down to read by the seaside.
她展开折叠躺椅，在海边坐下来读书。
164maze
迷宫
讲解指迷宫或错综复杂的事物，常用于公园、花园等场景，也可比喻复杂局面
搭配a hedge maze, get lost in a maze, a maze of streets
近义labyrinth, warren, tangle
派生mazy (迷宫般的)
The children spent the afternoon getting lost in the hedge maze.
孩子们一下午都在树篱迷宫里迷了路。
165hedge
树篱
讲解指由灌木修剪而成的树篱，常作花园的边界或屏障，可作名词和动词
搭配trim a hedge, a tall hedge, a hedge around the garden
近义shrubbery, boundary, fence
派生hedgerow (灌木树篱), hedging (修剪树篱)
The gardener trimmed the hedge into a neat rectangular shape.
园丁把树篱修剪成整齐的长方形。
166ramp
人造斜坡；坡道
讲解指人造斜坡或坡道，常用于建筑入口、公路等，强调方便通行
搭配a wheelchair ramp, an entrance ramp, a ramp for vehicles
近义slope, incline, gradient
反义step, stairs
A wheelchair ramp was installed at the entrance to improve accessibility.
入口处安装了轮椅坡道，以方便通行。
167wheelchair
轮椅
讲解可数名词，指具体一辆轮椅时用 a wheelchair；泛指用 wheelchairs。
搭配in a wheelchair 坐轮椅；wheelchair access 无障碍通道；electric wheelchair 电动轮椅
近义mobility aid；invalid chair（旧式说法）
派生wheelchair-bound adj. 离不开轮椅的
After the accident, he relied on a wheelchair to move around the campus.
事故之后，他依靠轮椅在校园里活动。
168aqueduct
高架渠，渡槽
讲解可数名词，多指古代用拱桥支撑的输水道，也指现代输水管道。
记忆aqua(水)+duct(引导)→引导水的通道。
搭配Roman aqueduct 罗马高架渠；aqueduct system 输水系统
近义water conduit；waterway
派生aqueductal adj. 导水管的
The ancient Romans built aqueducts to carry fresh water into the city.
古罗马人修建高架渠，把淡水引入城市。
169clay
泥土，黏土
讲解不可数名词，指做陶器或砖的黏土；作「泥土」讲时通常不可数。
搭配clay soil 黏土；clay pot 陶罐；model in clay 用黏土塑形
近义mud；earth
派生clayey adj. 黏土质的
The potter shaped the wet clay into a beautiful vase by hand.
陶工用手把湿黏土塑成一个漂亮的花瓶。
170adobe
土坯，泥砖
讲解不可数名词，指晒干的泥砖或这种材料；也作定语修饰房屋。
记忆源自阿拉伯语 al-tub，经西班牙语进入英语。
搭配adobe house 土坯房；adobe brick 土坯砖
近义mud brick；sun-dried brick
Many families in the desert region still live in houses made of adobe.
沙漠地区许多家庭仍住在土坯砌成的房子里。
171subsoil
底土，下层土
讲解不可数名词，指表土层以下的土层，地质与农业语境常用。
记忆sub(下)+soil(土)→下面的土。
搭配subsoil layer 底土层；subsoil drainage 底土排水
近义undersoil；lower soil
反义topsoil 表土
Farmers often plough deep to break up the hard subsoil beneath the topsoil.
农民常常深耕，以打碎表土下面坚硬的底土。
172slurry
泥浆
讲解不可数名词，指水泥、泥或粪肥等混合成的半流体浆状物。
记忆与 slur(含糊地说)无关，可联想「滑溜溜的浆」。
搭配cement slurry 水泥浆；slurry pipeline 泥浆管道
近义sludge；slush
The workers pumped the thick slurry out of the flooded tunnel.
工人们把浓稠的泥浆从被淹的隧道中抽出来。
173spade
铁锹
讲解可数名词，指挖土用的铁锹；与铲子 shovel 不同，spade 偏平头、用于翻土挖坑
记忆联想：space（空间）+ d，用铁锹挖出一块空间
搭配dig with a spade, a garden spade, call a spade a spade
近义shovel, trowel
派生spadeful（一锹之量）
He used a spade to dig a hole for the young apple tree.
他用铁锹为那棵小苹果树挖了一个坑。
174awning
雨篷，遮篷
讲解可数名词，指店门、窗或露台上方遮阳挡雨的布篷；常与 striped/blue 等颜色词连用
记忆源自中古英语 awninge，联想 on（在上）+ wing（翼），像翅膀一样伸出的篷
搭配a striped awning, extend the awning, under an awning
近义canopy, sunshade, shelter
We sat under the striped awning while the summer rain poured down.
夏雨倾盆而下时，我们坐在条纹遮篷下。
175actual
实际的；真实的
讲解形容词，强调真实存在的、确切的，常与 the actual 连用；注意与 current（当前的）区别，勿混用
记忆词根 act（做）+ ual，做过的事才是真实的
搭配the actual cost, in actual fact, actual size
近义real, genuine, true
反义imaginary, supposed
派生actually（实际上）, actuality（现实）
The actual cost of the trip turned out much higher than we had expected.
这次旅行的实际花费比我们预想的高得多。
176except
将…除外；除…外
讲解介词/连词，表示“除…之外”，常与 for 连用（except for 指整体中除去细节）；besides 意为“除…还有”，勿混
记忆ex（出）+ cept（拿）→ 拿出去，即排除在外
搭配except for, except that, except when
近义apart from, but, other than
派生exception（例外）, exceptional（杰出的）
Everyone in the class passed the exam except the two boys who were ill.
班上除了那两个生病的男孩，其他人都通过了考试。
177beyond
在…较远的一边；超出，除…之外
讲解介词/副词，表位置“在…较远处”或程度“超出”；beyond doubt（毫无疑问）、beyond my control 为高频搭配
记忆be + yond（那边）→ 在那一边，引申为超出范围
搭配beyond doubt, beyond control, beyond one's reach, beyond expectation
近义past, outside, farther than
反义within, inside
The village lies beyond those mountains, about two hours' drive from here.
那个村庄在那片山的另一边，离这里大约两小时车程。
178prestige
声望，威信
讲解不可数名词，指因成就或地位而获得的广泛尊敬；常与 gain/enjoy/high 等搭配，不用复数
记忆词根 prest（压迫、影响）+ ige，能影响他人的力量即威信
搭配gain prestige, enjoy high prestige, social prestige
近义reputation, status, standing
反义disgrace, disrepute
派生prestigious（有声望的）
The university has gained international prestige for its cutting-edge research.
这所大学因其前沿研究赢得了国际声望。
179esteem
尊敬
讲解多作不可数名词，常用 hold sb in high esteem 表示敬重某人；也可作动词，较正式。
记忆联想 aim（目标）→ esteem 是心里给出的高评价。
搭配hold sb in high esteem, a man of esteem, win esteem
近义respect, regard, admiration
反义contempt, scorn
派生esteemed (受尊敬的)
Students hold their professors in high esteem for their patience and wisdom.
学生们因教授们的耐心与智慧而十分尊敬他们。
180aptitude
天资，天赋
讲解常与 for 连用，aptitude for sth/doing sth；指先天或易习得的能力。
记忆apt（合适的、灵巧的）+ -itude（名词后缀，表状态）。
搭配aptitude for, natural aptitude, an aptitude test
近义talent, gift, flair
反义ineptitude, inability
派生apt (灵巧的), aptly
She showed a natural aptitude for music and learned the piano within a year.
她展现出音乐天赋，一年内就学会了钢琴。
181transferable (
学分等)可转换的
讲解常与 to 连用，transferable to + 地点/机构；也指技能可迁移的。
记忆transfer（转移）+ -able（能……的）。
搭配transferable skills, transferable to, fully transferable
近义adaptable, portable
反义non-transferable
派生transfer (v./n.), transferability
These credits are transferable to universities in other countries.
这些学分可以转到其他国家的大学。
182villain
反派主角；歹徒
讲解可指小说影视中的反派主角，也指现实中的恶棍、罪犯；语气较强。
记忆源自拉丁语 villa（乡间农舍）→ 粗鄙的乡下人 → 坏人。
搭配the main villain, play the villain, a notorious villain
近义scoundrel, rogue, criminal
反义hero, protagonist
派生villainous (邪恶的), villainy (恶行)
In the film, the villain is finally defeated by a young detective.
影片中，反派最终被一位年轻侦探击败。
183inscription
题辞；铭文
讲解指刻在石头、金属或书页上的题辞、铭文，常与 on 连用。
记忆in-（在……上）+ script（写）+ -ion（名词后缀）→ 写在上面。
搭配an inscription on, carve an inscription, a dedication inscription
近义engraving, epitaph, wording
派生inscribe (v.), inscribed
The ancient inscription on the stone wall has faded over the centuries.
石墙上古老的铭文历经数百年已渐渐模糊。
184mound
土冈，土丘
讲解指土丘、小土堆，也指棒球投手丘；常与 of 连用表示一堆。
记忆与 mount（山）同源，mound 是较小的隆起。
搭配a mound of, burial mound, pitcher's mound
近义hillock, heap, pile
派生mounded (堆起的)
A small mound of earth marked the place where the treasure was buried.
一小堆土标出了宝藏被埋藏的地方。
185cemetery
公墓，墓地
讲解cemetery 指城郊成片的墓地，比 grave（单个坟）范围大，比 graveyard 更常用于正式语境。
记忆词根 memor 表记忆，cemetery 原义为「安睡之地」。
搭配a military cemetery；be buried in a cemetery
近义graveyard；burial ground
派生cemeterial（公墓的）
We wandered through the old cemetery, reading the faded names on the ancient stones.
我们漫步穿过那座老公墓，读着古老石碑上褪色的名字。
186satire
讽刺，讥讽
讲解satire 指借幽默或夸张批评社会的文学手法，比 irony（反语）更宏观、更有批判性。
记忆源自拉丁语 satura，本义「杂烩」，故讽刺常杂糅多种手法。
搭配political satire；a satire on society
近义irony；mockery
反义praise；tribute
派生satirical（讽刺的）；satirist（讽刺作家）
The novel uses sharp satire to expose the greed of modern politicians and businessmen.
这部小说用尖锐的讽刺揭露了现代政客和商人的贪婪。
187emblem
象征；徽章
讲解emblem 指代表某群体或理念的标志物，常与 of 连用；emblem of peace 为固定表达。
记忆词根 em-（放入）+ blem（插入），原指嵌入的装饰图案。
搭配national emblem；an emblem of hope
近义symbol；badge
派生emblematic（象征的）
The dove is a universal emblem of peace, recognized across many different cultures.
鸽子是普遍认同的和平象征，在许多不同文化中都为人熟知。
188mythology
神话
讲解mythology 指一个民族神话的总称，也可引申为「被广泛相信的谬见」。
记忆词根 myth（神话）+ ology（学科），即「研究神话的学问」。
搭配Greek mythology；a figure in mythology
近义legend；folklore
派生mythological（神话的）；myth（神话）
She studied ancient Greek mythology to understand how early societies explained the natural world.
她研究古希腊神话，以理解早期社会如何解释自然世界。
189fiduciary
信托的；基于信用的
讲解fiduciary 多作定语，常见于法律金融语境，fiduciary duty 指受托人对委托人的诚信义务。
记忆词根 fid（信任，如 fidelity）＋uciary，与「信任」相关。
搭配fiduciary duty；a fiduciary relationship
近义trust-based；confidential
派生fiduciary（名词：受托人）
Banks have a fiduciary duty to act in the best interests of their clients.
银行负有信托责任，须以客户的最大利益行事。
190nucleus
核心，中心
讲解nucleus 本义为细胞核或原子核，引申指事物的核心，常与 of 连用。
记忆词根 nucle 表「核、仁」，如 nuclear（核的）。
搭配the nucleus of；atomic nucleus
近义core；centre
派生nuclear（核的）；nucleus 复数 nuclei
The nucleus of the team consists of a few experienced researchers and engineers.
这个团队的核心由几位经验丰富的研究人员和工程师组成。
191stylised
非写实的
讲解形容词，指艺术作品中刻意脱离真实、采用夸张或程式化手法的风格
搭配stylised design, stylised image, highly stylised
近义abstract, conventionalised, non-realistic
反义realistic, naturalistic
派生stylise (v.), stylisation (n.)
The artist's stylised portraits ignore realistic detail in favour of bold shapes and colours.
这位艺术家的非写实肖像画舍弃了写实细节，转而采用大胆的形状和色彩。
192subsistence
维持生活
讲解名词，指勉强维持基本生存的状态；常构成 subsistence farming/agriculture
记忆sub（下）+ sist（站立）+ ence → 勉强站住、维持下去
搭配subsistence farming, subsistence level, subsistence economy
近义survival, livelihood
派生subsist (v.)
Many rural families depend on subsistence farming and sell only a small surplus at local markets.
许多农村家庭依靠自给自足的农耕为生，只在当地市场出售少量余粮。
193societal
社会的
讲解形容词，比 social 更正式，多用于学术写作中修饰抽象概念
记忆soci（社会、同伴）+ etal → 与社会相关的
搭配societal change, societal norms, societal values
近义social, cultural, communal
派生society (n.)
Rapid urbanisation has brought major societal changes to family structures across the region.
快速城市化给该地区的家庭结构带来了重大的社会变革。
194prematurely
过早地
讲解副词，表示在预期时间之前发生，常含负面或令人遗憾的意味
记忆pre（前）+ mature（成熟）+ ly → 在成熟之前
搭配die prematurely, end prematurely, be born prematurely
近义early, too soon
反义belatedly, late
The report warns that children exposed to too much screen time may mature prematurely.
该报告警告说，接触屏幕时间过多的儿童可能会过早成熟。
195amicably
和睦地
讲解副词，指以友好、无冲突的方式处理事情，多修饰 settle、resolve 等动词
记忆amic（朋友，同 amicable）+ ably → 以朋友的方式
搭配settle amicably, resolve amicably, part amicably
近义peacefully, cordially, harmoniously
反义hostilely, aggressively
派生amicable (adj.), amity (n.)
After lengthy negotiations, the two neighbours finally settled their dispute amicably.
经过漫长的谈判，这两户邻居最终和睦地解决了争端。