1 / 115 句0 词已学
1pediatrician
儿科医师
讲解可数名词，指专门诊治儿童的医生，源自希腊语 paid-（儿童）＋iatr-（治疗）。
记忆ped-（儿童，如 pedal 足的联想）＋-iatric（医疗的）＋-ian（人）。
搭配consult a pediatrician, a pediatrician's clinic, pediatric care
近义children's doctor, child specialist
派生pediatrics, pediatric, pediatrician's
The pediatrician reassured the anxious parents that their newborn was developing normally.
儿科医生安慰焦虑的父母，说他们的新生儿发育正常。
2gynecologist
妇科医师
讲解可数名词，指诊治女性生殖系统疾病的医生，拼写美式为 gynecologist，英式为 gynaecologist。
记忆gyn-（女性，同 gynecology）＋-ologist（……学家/医生）。
搭配see a gynecologist, consult a gynecologist, gynecological examination
近义women's health specialist, OB-GYN（美式口语）
派生gynecology, gynecological
She booked an appointment with a gynecologist after experiencing persistent abdominal pain.
在持续腹痛之后，她预约了一位妇科医生。
3physician
内科医生，医师
讲解可数名词，泛指医生，尤指内科医生；比 doctor 更正式，常见于医学类雅思阅读。
记忆physic（医学）＋-ian（人），即“行医之人”。
搭配consult a physician, family physician, attending physician
近义doctor, medical practitioner, medic
派生physician-assisted, physic, physical
The physician advised him to reduce salt intake to keep his blood pressure under control.
医生建议他减少盐分摄入，以控制血压。
4neurologist
神经专家
讲解指专治大脑、脊髓和神经系统疾病的医生，注意与 psychiatrist（治精神疾病）区分。
记忆neuro（神经）+ log（学科）+ ist（人）→ 研究神经的人。
搭配consult a neurologist / refer sb to a neurologist / a practising neurologist
近义neurospecialist / nerve specialist
派生neurology / neurological / neurological disorder
The neurologist examined the patient's brain scans carefully before making a diagnosis.
神经专家在做出诊断前仔细检查了病人的脑部扫描。
5psychiatrist
精神病学专家
讲解指诊治精神疾病的医生，可开药；psychologist 侧重心理疏导，通常不能开药。
记忆psych（心理）+ iatr（治疗）+ ist（人）→ 治疗心理的人。
搭配see a psychiatrist / a consultant psychiatrist / psychiatric treatment
近义mental health specialist / shrink（口语）
派生psychiatry / psychiatric / psychiatry ward
After the tragedy, she was referred to a psychiatrist for professional treatment.
那场悲剧之后，她被转介给精神病医生接受专业治疗。
6neuroscience
神经系统科学
讲解不可数名词，指研究神经系统结构与功能的学科，常用于学术写作与科研语境。
记忆neuro（神经）+ science（科学）→ 研究神经的科学。
搭配the field of neuroscience / cognitive neuroscience / neuroscience research
近义neurobiology / brain science
派生neuroscientist / neuroscientific
Modern neuroscience has transformed our understanding of how memory works in the brain.
现代神经科学改变了我们对大脑记忆运作方式的理解。
7dentist
牙医师
讲解指牙科医生；英式常用 go to the dentist's，美式常说 go to the dentist。
记忆dent（牙齿）+ ist（人）→ 管牙齿的人。
搭配see a dentist / register with a dentist / a dental check-up
近义dental surgeon / dental practitioner
派生dentistry / dental / dentition
I have an appointment with the dentist tomorrow to get my wisdom tooth checked.
我明天约了牙医检查我的智齿。
8surgeon
外科医师
讲解指做手术的外科医生，与只做诊断的 physician（内科医生）相对。
记忆surg（手/手术）+ eon → 动手做手术的人。
搭配a heart surgeon / undergo surgery / perform an operation
近义operating surgeon / surgical specialist
派生surgery / surgical / surgically
The surgeon performed a delicate operation on the patient's heart for six hours.
外科医生为病人的心脏进行了长达六小时的精细手术。
9anesthetist
麻醉师
讲解指负责麻醉的医生；美式英语多用 anesthesiologist，英式常用 anesthetist。
记忆an（无）+ esthes（感觉）+ ist（人）→ 让人无感觉的人。
搭配a consultant anesthetist / administer anesthesia / under anesthesia
近义anesthesiologist / anesthesia specialist
派生anesthesia / anesthetic / anesthetize
The anesthetist monitored her breathing closely throughout the entire surgical procedure.
麻醉师在整个手术过程中密切监测她的呼吸。
10clinic
诊所
讲解clinic 指规模较小的医疗机构，可译“诊所、门诊部”，常与 visit、attend、work at 等搭配。
搭配local clinic, dental clinic, outpatient clinic
近义medical centre, health centre, surgery
派生clinical adj. 临床的；clinical trial 临床试验
She visited a local clinic for a routine check-up and some basic medical advice.
她去当地诊所做了一次常规检查，并咨询了一些基本医疗建议。
11sanatorium
疗养院
讲解sanatorium 指供病人或康复者长期休养、疗养的机构，也可拼作 sanatorium（英式常见）或 sanitarium（美式常见）。
搭配mountain sanatorium, tuberculosis sanatorium, stay at a sanatorium
近义health resort, convalescent home, rest home
派生sanatorium treatment 疗养治疗
After months of treatment, he spent a few weeks in a mountain sanatorium to recover.
经过数月治疗，他在山间疗养院住了几周以恢复健康。
12wholesome
有益于健康的
讲解wholesome 强调“有益身心健康的”，常用于食物、生活方式、活动等，也可引申为“有益处的、健康的”。
搭配wholesome food, wholesome diet, wholesome lifestyle
近义healthy, nutritious, beneficial
反义harmful, unhealthy
派生wholesomely adv. 健康地；wholesomeness n. 健康有益
A wholesome diet rich in vegetables and whole grains can improve your overall health.
富含蔬菜和全谷物的健康饮食可以改善你的整体健康状况。
13hygiene
卫生；卫生情况
讲解hygiene 是不可数名词，指卫生及卫生条件，常用于公共卫生、个人卫生、食品卫生等语境。
搭配personal hygiene, food hygiene, oral hygiene
近义cleanliness, sanitation, healthfulness
派生hygienic adj. 卫生的；hygienically adv. 卫生地
Good personal hygiene, such as washing hands regularly, helps prevent the spread of disease.
良好的个人卫生，例如经常洗手，有助于防止疾病传播。
14methodology
方法
讲解methodology 指某一学科或研究中的方法体系、方法论，比 method 更强调系统性和理论框架。
搭配research methodology, teaching methodology, scientific methodology
近义method, approach, procedure
派生methodological adj. 方法论的；methodologist n. 方法论学者
The research methodology used in this study was carefully designed to reduce bias.
这项研究中使用的方法论经过精心设计，以减少偏差。
15precaution
预防措施
讲解precaution 常指为预防危险、疾病等而采取的措施，常用短语 as a precaution、take precautions against。
搭配take precautions, safety precaution, as a precaution
近义safeguard, preventive measure, protection
派生precautionary adj. 预防的；precautionary measures 预防措施
As a precaution against infection, all visitors must wear masks in the hospital.
作为预防感染的措施，所有访客在医院内必须佩戴口罩。
16vaccinate
接种
讲解vaccinate 是及物动词，常用被动 be vaccinated against + 疾病，指接种疫苗预防某病
搭配vaccinate against, be fully vaccinated, get vaccinated
近义immunize, inoculate
派生vaccination n. 接种；vaccine n. 疫苗
All children should be vaccinated against measles before they start school.
所有儿童在入学前都应接种麻疹疫苗。
17check-up
检查
讲解check-up 是可数名词，指体检或全面检查，常与 regular/annual/general 搭配
搭配a regular check-up, a medical check-up, go for a check-up
近义examination, screening
派生check up (v.) 检查
She went for a regular check-up and the doctor said she was in good health.
她去做了一次常规检查，医生说她的身体状况良好。
18complaint
疾病
讲解complaint 在医学语境指身体某部位的不适或病症，是可数名词，常见搭配 a minor/serious complaint
搭配a minor complaint, a common complaint, present with a complaint
近义ailment, condition
派生complain v. 抱怨；诉说病痛
The patient came in with a minor complaint about a persistent cough.
这位病人因持续咳嗽这一小毛病前来就诊。
19affection
疾病
讲解affection 作「疾病」时较正式且旧式，多指身体某部位的病变，现代英语中更常用 disease 或 condition
搭配an affection of the lungs, a chronic affection
近义disease, disorder, ailment
派生affect v. 影响；侵袭
The doctor examined him for an affection of the lungs that had lasted for weeks.
医生为他检查了持续数周的肺部疾病。
20plague
瘟疫
讲解plague 既可指鼠疫等具体瘟疫，也可引申为泛滥成灾的事物，作动词意为「困扰、折磨」
搭配the plague, a plague of, be plagued by
近义epidemic, pandemic, pestilence
派生plagued adj. 受困扰的
The plague swept through the city in the fourteenth century, killing millions of people.
十四世纪，瘟疫席卷了这座城市，夺去了数百万人的生命。
21virus
病毒
讲解virus 是可数名词，复数形式为 viruses，常与 catch/contract/spread 等动词搭配
搭配a virus spreads, contract a virus, a computer virus
近义pathogen, germ, infection
派生viral adj. 病毒的；病毒性的
Scientists are working on a new vaccine to fight the virus that causes the disease.
科学家们正在研发一种新疫苗，以对抗引发该疾病的病毒。
22influenza
流行性感冒
讲解医学语境中比 flu 更正式，多用于学术文献、公共卫生报道
记忆源自意大利语 influenza（影响），古人认为流感由星象“影响”所致
搭配influenza virus, influenza vaccine, seasonal influenza
近义flu, grippe, epidemic influenza
派生influenzal（流感的）
Thousands of elderly patients were hospitalised after the influenza outbreak swept through the city.
流感疫情席卷全市后，数千名老年患者住院治疗。
23ulcer
溃疡
讲解指皮肤或黏膜的溃烂，常与胃、口腔、腿部等部位搭配
记忆联想：ulcer 读音近“凹塞”，皮肤凹陷溃烂的样子
搭配gastric ulcer, peptic ulcer, mouth ulcer, ulcer formation
近义sore, lesion, canker
派生ulcerous（溃疡的）, ulcerate（形成溃疡）
Long-term use of painkillers may cause a gastric ulcer and internal bleeding.
长期服用止痛药可能导致胃溃疡和内出血。
24lesion
损害
讲解医学影像与病理学高频词，泛指组织或器官的异常损害
记忆与 injure 同源，都含“伤害”之意，lesion 更偏器质性损伤
搭配skin lesion, brain lesion, benign lesion, lesion site
近义damage, injury, wound
派生lesional（损害的）
The MRI scan revealed a small lesion on the patient's left lung.
核磁共振扫描显示患者左肺有一处小病灶。
25injury
损伤
讲解可指身体损伤，也可指对感情、名誉的伤害，可数不可数均可
记忆联想：in（不）+ jury（陪审团）→ 陪审团不判无罪，说明确有损伤
搭配head injury, sports injury, injury prevention, serious injury
近义harm, damage, wound
反义recovery, cure
派生injure（v. 伤害）, injured（受伤的）
Wearing a helmet greatly reduces the risk of head injury in cycling accidents.
戴头盔能大大降低骑车事故中头部受伤的风险。
26eruption
发疹
讲解医学上指皮疹的突然发出，也可指火山喷发、情绪爆发
记忆由 erupt（喷发）加 -ion 构成，皮疹像火山一样“冒出来”
搭配skin eruption, drug eruption, eruptive disease
近义rash, outbreak, flare-up
派生erupt（v. 爆发）, eruptive（发疹的）
The doctor noted a red eruption spreading across the child's chest and back.
医生注意到孩子胸背部出现了扩散的红色皮疹。
27spot
斑点；丘疹
讲解医学口语中常指斑点、丘疹，如 spots on the face 指脸上长痘
记忆联想：spot 本义“点”，皮肤上的小点即斑疹
搭配red spots, skin spots, spot on the face, spot outbreak
近义pimple, blemish, mark
派生spotted（有斑点的）, spotty（多丘疹的）
A few red spots appeared on her arms after she took the new medicine.
服用新药后，她手臂上出现了几个红点。
28pimple
丘疹；小疮
讲解可数名词，指皮肤上小的红肿突起，口语中常指痘痘
搭配pop a pimple, a pimple on one's face
近义spot, zit
派生pimpled, pimply
Stress and poor diet can make a pimple appear on your face overnight.
压力和不良饮食会让你一夜之间脸上冒出丘疹。
29blackhead
黑头粉刺
讲解可数名词，指毛孔被油脂堵塞后氧化变黑的小点
搭配remove blackheads, a blackhead on the nose
近义open comedo
派生blackheaded
Washing your face twice daily helps prevent blackheads from forming on your nose.
每天洗脸两次有助于防止鼻子上形成黑头。
30blister
水疱
讲解可数名词，指皮肤下因摩擦、烫伤或感染而鼓起的小水泡
搭配a blister on one's heel, burst a blister
近义bubble, swelling
派生blistered, blistering
Tight new shoes gave him a painful blister on the back of his heel.
新鞋太紧，他脚后跟磨出了一个疼痛的水疱。
31boil
疖
讲解可数名词，指毛囊深部感染形成的红肿硬结，医学上也叫 furuncle
搭配a boil on the skin, lance a boil
近义furuncle, abscess
派生boiled（注意与动词 boil 煮沸区分）
The doctor said the painful red boil on his neck needed antibiotics.
医生说脖子上那个疼痛的红色疖子需要用抗生素。
32scar
疤痕
讲解可数名词，指伤口愈合后留下的痕迹，也可作动词表示留下疤痕
搭配leave a scar, a scar on one's face
近义mark, blemish
派生scarred, scarring
The operation left a thin scar across his knee that faded over time.
手术在他膝盖上留下了一道细疤，随着时间逐渐变淡。
33wart
疣
讲解可数名词，指皮肤上由病毒引起的粗糙小硬块，常见于手和脚
搭配a wart on one's hand, remove a wart
近义verruca
派生warty
Common warts on the hands are caused by a virus and can spread easily.
手上常见的疣由病毒引起，且容易传播。
34corn
鸡眼
讲解corn 作医学名词时指脚趾或脚掌因摩擦受压形成的角质增厚，与“玉米”同形但义不同，注意语境区分。
搭配a painful corn 疼痛的鸡眼；develop a corn 长鸡眼；remove a corn 去除鸡眼
近义callus 胼胝；callosity 角质增厚
派生corny 长鸡眼的（少见）
Years of wearing tight shoes gave him a painful corn on his little toe.
多年穿紧鞋让他的小脚趾上长了一个疼痛的鸡眼。
35bruise
挫伤
讲解bruise 指皮下出血形成的淤青或挫伤，可作名词也可作动词，医学写作中常与 minor、deep 等搭配。
记忆联想 brush 刷子：被刷子打一下会留下 bruise 淤青。
搭配a bruise on 某处的淤青；minor bruise 轻微挫伤；bruise easily 容易淤青
近义contusion 挫伤；discoloration 变色
派生bruised 淤青的，受挫伤的
She fell off her bike and was left with a large bruise on her knee.
她从自行车上摔下来，膝盖上留下了一大块淤青。
36bump
肿
讲解bump 指皮肤上隆起的肿块，口语常用；医学描述中多指局部小范围肿胀，注意与 lump 的语义差别。
搭配a bump on 某处的肿块；raise a bump 使起包；a small bump 小肿块
近义lump 肿块；swelling 肿胀
派生bumpy 凹凸不平的
A red bump appeared on his arm after the insect bite.
被虫咬后，他手臂上出现了一个红色的肿块。
37swelling
肿胀
讲解swelling 是医学中常用的不可数名词，指组织因炎症、外伤或积液而肿起，也可指具体的肿块。
搭配reduce swelling 消肿；swelling around 某处周围肿胀；cause swelling 引起肿胀
近义edema 水肿；inflammation 炎症
派生swell 肿胀，膨胀
The doctor noted swelling around the ankle after the injury.
受伤后，医生注意到脚踝周围有肿胀。
38twist
扭伤
讲解twist 作医学用法时指关节因突然扭转而扭伤，常与 ankle、wrist、knee 等搭配，强调外力造成的扭转损伤。
搭配twist one's ankle 扭伤脚踝；twist a knee 扭伤膝盖；twist badly 严重扭伤
近义sprain 扭伤；wrench 扭伤
派生twisted 扭伤的；twisting 扭转
He twisted his ankle while running and had to stop immediately.
他跑步时扭伤了脚踝，不得不立刻停下来。
39symptom
症状
讲解symptom 指疾病或身体异常的表现，医学写作中常用 symptom of 表示“某病的症状”，注意与 sign（体征）区分。
记忆联想 sympathy 同情：对病人的 symptom 症状要给予同情。
搭配symptom of 某病的症状；early symptom 早期症状；relieve symptoms 缓解症状
近义indication 迹象；manifestation 表现
派生symptomatic 有症状的；symptomless 无症状的
A persistent cough can be an early symptom of a more serious illness.
持续咳嗽可能是更严重疾病的早期症状。
40diagnosis
诊断
讲解可数名词，常与make/give/confirm搭配；医学语境指对疾病的判断，也可引申为对问题的分析判断
记忆联想：dia（穿过）+gnosis（知道）→穿透表象知道病因→诊断
搭配make a diagnosis, early diagnosis, confirm a diagnosis, a diagnosis of cancer
近义identification, assessment, detection
派生diagnose (v. 诊断), diagnostic (adj. 诊断的)
The doctor made an early diagnosis of diabetes after reviewing the patient's blood test results.
医生在查看病人的血液检测结果后，对糖尿病作出了早期诊断。
41case
病例
讲解医学中作可数名词，指具体病例；写作中常用a case of + 疾病，注意与in case（以防）等短语区分
记忆联想：病例像“盒子(case)”一样装着病人的全部信息
搭配a case of measles, new cases, reported cases, a severe case
近义patient, instance, occurrence
派生caseload (n. 病例总数)
The hospital reported several new cases of influenza among schoolchildren this week.
医院本周报告了数例学龄儿童流感新病例。
42epidemic
流行病
讲解指在一定地区迅速传播的传染病，常与spread/break out/control搭配；与pandemic（全球大流行）程度不同
记忆联想：epi（在……之上）+demos（人民）→在民众之上蔓延→流行病
搭配flu epidemic, an epidemic breaks out, control an epidemic, epidemic disease
近义outbreak, plague, pandemic
派生epidemic (adj. 流行性的), epidemiology (n. 流行病学)
Health officials warned that the flu epidemic could spread rapidly during the winter months.
卫生官员警告说，流感疫情可能在冬季迅速蔓延。
43attack
发作
讲解此处指疾病突然发作，常用a heart/asthma/panic attack；注意与“攻击”义区分，靠语境判断
记忆联想：attack本义“攻击”，疾病突然“攻击”身体即发作
搭配a heart attack, an asthma attack, a panic attack, suffer an attack
近义fit, seizure, bout
派生attacker (n. 攻击者)
He suffered a severe asthma attack and was rushed to the nearest hospital.
他哮喘严重发作，被紧急送往最近的医院。
44sneeze
打喷嚏
讲解既可作动词也可作名词，常与loudly/constantly搭配；sneeze at sth引申为“对……不屑一顾”
记忆联想：拟声记忆，发音/sniːz/模仿打喷嚏的声音
搭配sneeze loudly, sneeze into a tissue, a sneezing fit, not to be sneezed at
近义sniffle, snuffle
派生sneeze (n. 喷嚏), sneezing (n. 打喷嚏)
She kept sneezing and rubbing her eyes because of the pollen in the air.
由于空气中的花粉，她不停地打喷嚏、揉眼睛。
45faint
晕厥
讲解作动词指因供血不足短暂失去意识，常与nearly/almost搭配；作形容词指“微弱的、模糊的”
记忆联想：feint（佯攻）与faint形近，晕倒不是假装的，注意拼写区分
搭配faint from hunger, nearly faint, feel faint, a faint hope
近义pass out, lose consciousness, collapse
反义recover, revive
派生fainting (n. 昏厥), faintly (adv. 微弱地)
The patient felt dizzy and then fainted shortly after standing up too quickly.
病人感到头晕，随后在起身太快后不久就晕倒了。
46dizziness
眩晕
讲解不可数名词，指头晕目眩的感觉；常与 suffer from、experience 等动词搭配，医学场景高频。
记忆来自 dizzy（头晕的）+ -ness（名词后缀），表示“头晕的状态”。
搭配suffer from dizziness, experience dizziness, cause dizziness, a feeling of dizziness
近义vertigo, lightheadedness, giddiness
派生dizzy（形容词，头晕的）
She complained of sudden dizziness and had to sit down immediately.
她抱怨突然感到眩晕，不得不立刻坐下。
47oxygen
氧，氧气
讲解不可数名词，化学符号 O；医学语境常指供氧治疗，搭配 give/administer oxygen。
记忆联想：oxy- 表“酸/氧”，-gen 表“产生”，即“产生酸的元素”。
搭配oxygen supply, oxygen therapy, lack of oxygen, administer oxygen
近义O2
派生oxygenate（动词，供氧），oxygenated（形容词，含氧的）
Patients with breathing difficulties may need extra oxygen to survive.
呼吸困难的患者可能需要额外的氧气才能存活。
48eyesight
视力
讲解不可数名词，指视力、视觉能力；常用 have good/poor eyesight 描述视力好坏。
记忆由 eye（眼睛）+ sight（视力/景象）组合而成，即“眼睛的视觉能力”。
搭配good eyesight, poor eyesight, lose one's eyesight, eyesight test
近义vision, sight
反义blindness
派生eyesight-related（形容词，与视力相关的）
Regular eye check-ups can help detect problems with eyesight early.
定期眼科检查有助于及早发现视力问题。
49lose consciousness
失去知觉
讲解动词短语，指因受伤或疾病而昏迷；医学写作常用，注意 lose 后接 consciousness 不加冠词。
记忆联想：consciousness 是“意识”，lose 是“失去”，合起来即“失去意识”。
搭配lose consciousness completely, temporarily lose consciousness, regain consciousness
近义faint, pass out, black out
反义regain consciousness, come round
派生conscious（形容词，有意识的），unconscious（形容词，无意识的）
The victim lost consciousness after hitting his head on the ground.
受害者的头撞到地面后失去了知觉。
50bring around/round
使恢复知觉(或健康)
讲解动词短语，英式常用 round，美式常用 around；指使昏迷者苏醒或使病人康复。
记忆联想：bring 是“带”，around 是“转回来”，即“把人带回来（恢复意识）”。
搭配bring sb around, bring sb round, bring a patient around
近义revive, resuscitate, restore consciousness
反义knock out, anaesthetize
派生bring-round（名词，使恢复知觉的行为）
The doctor used smelling salts to bring the fainted patient around.
医生用嗅盐使昏倒的病人恢复知觉。
51diet
饮食
讲解名词，指日常饮食；常用 a balanced/healthy/poor diet，也可作动词表“节食”。
记忆联想：diet 与“die”形近，但合理饮食能避免早逝，故要 balanced diet。
搭配a balanced diet, a healthy diet, go on a diet, a poor diet
近义nutrition, eating habits, food intake
派生dietary（形容词，饮食的），dietician（名词，营养师）
A balanced diet rich in vegetables is essential for maintaining good health.
富含蔬菜的均衡饮食对保持健康至关重要。
52melatonin
褪黑激素
讲解名词，指人体松果体分泌的调节睡眠的激素，也指人工补充剂
记忆由希腊词根 melas（黑）+ tonin（张力）构成，与“变黑”相关
搭配take melatonin / melatonin supplements / melatonin levels
近义sleep hormone / sleep aid
派生melatoninergic
Taking melatonin supplements can help people who struggle to fall asleep at night.
服用褪黑激素补充剂可以帮助那些晚上难以入睡的人。
53treatment
治疗
讲解名词，指对疾病或问题的处理与医治；也作动词用
搭配medical treatment / receive treatment / treatment for
近义therapy / remedy / care
反义neglect
派生treat / treatable / untreated
Early treatment of the disease greatly increases the patient's chances of a full recovery.
早期治疗这种疾病大大提高了患者完全康复的机会。
54cure
治愈
讲解名词指治愈方法，动词指治好；cure sb of sth 是固定搭配
搭配a cure for / cure sb of sth / find a cure
近义remedy / heal / treat
派生curable / incurable / cure-all
Scientists are still searching for a reliable cure for this rare form of cancer.
科学家们仍在寻找治愈这种罕见癌症的可靠方法。
55anemia
贫血
讲解名词，指血液中红细胞或血红蛋白不足的病症，英式拼写为 anaemia
记忆前缀 an-（无）+ -emia（血液状况），即“无血”
搭配suffer from anemia / iron-deficiency anemia / severe anemia
近义anaemia
派生anemic / anemic-looking
People with anemia often feel tired because their blood cannot carry enough oxygen.
贫血患者常感到疲倦，因为他们的血液无法携带足够的氧气。
56calcium
钙
讲解名词，指人体必需的矿物质元素钙，化学符号 Ca
记忆源自拉丁语 calx（石灰），石灰中含钙
搭配calcium intake / calcium supplements / calcium-rich
派生calcify / calcification / calcium-rich
Dairy products are a rich source of calcium, which is essential for strong bones.
乳制品是钙的丰富来源，而钙对强健骨骼至关重要。
57inflammatory
发炎的
讲解形容词，指引起或与炎症相关的；医学中常修饰 response、disease 等
记忆词根 inflamm（燃烧）+ -atory（…的），即“像着火一样发炎”
搭配inflammatory response / inflammatory disease / anti-inflammatory
近义inflamed / swelling-related
派生inflammation / anti-inflammatory
The doctor prescribed a drug to reduce the inflammatory response in her joints.
医生开了一种药来减轻她关节的炎症反应。
58arthritis
关节炎
讲解医学名词，指关节的炎症，常见搭配为 suffer from / have arthritis，不可数
搭配suffer from arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, arthritis pain
近义joint inflammation, joint disease
派生arthritic (adj. 关节炎的；n. 关节炎患者)
Many elderly people suffer from arthritis, which makes even simple tasks like opening a jar painful.
许多老年人患有关节炎，这使连拧开罐子这样简单的事都变得痛苦。
59osteoporosis
骨质疏松症
讲解不可数名词，指骨密度下降导致骨骼变脆的疾病，常与 prevent / develop 搭配
搭配develop osteoporosis, prevent osteoporosis, osteoporosis risk
近义brittle bone disease
派生osteoporotic (adj. 骨质疏松的)
Regular weight-bearing exercise can help prevent osteoporosis in women after menopause.
规律的负重运动有助于预防女性绝经后的骨质疏松症。
60armpit
腋窝
讲解身体部位名词，口语中也说 underarm，测体温、除臭剂常用此词
搭配under the armpit, armpit hair, shave one's armpits
近义underarm, axilla
派生axillary (adj. 腋下的，医学用语)
The nurse applied the thermometer under the patient's armpit to check his temperature.
护士把体温计放在病人腋下测量体温。
61hip
臀部
讲解指髋部/臀部，医学上指髋关节区域；注意与 buttocks（屁股）区分
搭配break one's hip, hip replacement, hip joint
近义pelvis area, haunch
派生hipbone (n. 髋骨)
She fell on the ice and broke her hip, so she needed surgery immediately.
她在冰上摔倒，摔断了髋部，因此需要立即手术。
62waist
腰，腰部
讲解指腰部，可引申为「腰围」；waistline 指腰围线条
搭配waist size, around the waist, waist measurement
近义midriff, midsection
派生waistline (n. 腰围；腰线)
Wearing a tight belt around your waist for hours may cause discomfort after meals.
饭后长时间在腰部系紧腰带可能会引起不适。
63thigh
大腿
讲解指大腿，即髋到膝之间的部位；注意与 calf（小腿）区分
搭配thigh muscle, inner thigh, thigh bone
近义upper leg
派生thighbone (n. 股骨)
Cycling strengthens the muscles in your thigh, which supports your knees during running.
骑车能增强大腿肌肉，从而在跑步时支撑膝盖。
64bronchitis
支气管炎
讲解医学名词，指支气管黏膜的炎症，常与 chronic（慢性）、acute（急性）连用
记忆来自希腊语 bronchos（气管）+ -itis（炎症后缀），凡见 -itis 多为炎症
搭配chronic bronchitis, acute bronchitis, suffer from bronchitis
近义chest infection, bronchial inflammation
派生bronchitic（患支气管炎的）
My grandfather's chronic bronchitis gets much worse whenever the weather turns cold and damp.
每当天气变得寒冷潮湿时，我祖父的慢性支气管炎就会严重得多。
65cancer
癌
讲解可数名词，指具体癌种；泛指疾病时多不可数，如 die of cancer
搭配lung cancer, breast cancer, cause cancer, cancer patient
近义tumour, malignancy, carcinoma
派生cancerous（癌变的）, carcinogen（致癌物）
Regular exercise and a balanced diet can lower the risk of developing certain cancers.
规律运动和均衡饮食可以降低患某些癌症的风险。
66indigestion
消化不良
讲解不可数名词，指消化困难或胃部不适，常与 have、get、suffer from 连用
记忆in-（否定）+ digestion（消化），即“无法正常消化”
搭配have indigestion, suffer from indigestion, a touch of indigestion
近义dyspepsia, upset stomach
反义good digestion
Eating too quickly often gives me indigestion, so I try to chew my food slowly.
吃得太快常常让我消化不良，所以我尽量细嚼慢咽。
67bowel
肠
讲解医学用语，指肠道，较正式；口语中更常用 gut 或 intestines
搭配bowel movement, bowel cancer, irritable bowel syndrome
近义intestine, gut
派生bowel-related（与肠道有关的）
The doctor asked whether his bowel movements had changed in the past few weeks.
医生询问他过去几周排便是否发生变化。
68gut
肠道
讲解口语化用词，指肠道或消化道；也可引申为“直觉”，如 a gut feeling
搭配gut bacteria, gut health, trust your gut
近义intestine, bowel, digestive tract
反义—
Scientists believe that a healthy gut helps strengthen the body's immune system.
科学家认为健康的肠道有助于增强人体的免疫系统。
69influenza
流感
讲解正式医学名称，即 flu；作不可数名词，常与 catch、contract、spread 连用
记忆源自意大利语，意为“影响”，古人认为流感由星体影响所致
搭配catch influenza, influenza virus, influenza outbreak
近义flu, grippe
派生influenzae（如 Haemophilus influenzae，流感嗜血杆菌）
Every winter many elderly people are advised to get a flu vaccine to avoid influenza.
每年冬天，许多老年人都被建议接种流感疫苗以预防流感。
70leukemia
白血病
讲解不可数名词，指血液系统的恶性肿瘤，雅思健康类阅读常见
记忆leuk- 表示“白”，-emia 表示“血液”，合起来即“白血病”
搭配suffer from leukemia; childhood leukemia; treat leukemia
近义blood cancer; leukaemia（英式拼写）
派生leukemic 白血病的
The doctor explained that leukemia affects the blood and bone marrow.
医生解释说白血病会影响血液和骨髓。
71diabetes
糖尿病
讲解不可数名词，常与 type 1/type 2 搭配，雅思健康话题高频
记忆dia- 表示“穿过”，-betes 与“甜”相关，联想“糖分穿过身体”
搭配type 2 diabetes; develop diabetes; manage diabetes
近义diabetes mellitus; sugar disease（口语）
派生diabetic 糖尿病的；糖尿病患者
Regular exercise can help people with diabetes control their blood sugar.
规律运动能帮助糖尿病患者控制血糖。
72measles
麻疹
讲解不可数名词，形式上像复数但作单数用，是常见传染病
记忆联想 muscle（肌肉）换首字母，麻疹常伴全身红疹
搭配catch measles; measles outbreak; measles vaccine
近义rubeola（医学名）
派生measly 微不足道的（词源相关，含义已变）
Measles spreads easily, so children should be vaccinated against it early.
麻疹传播迅速，因此儿童应尽早接种疫苗。
73paralysis
瘫痪；麻痹
讲解不可数名词，可加 partial/total 表示程度，医学类阅读常见
记忆para- 表示“旁边”，-lysis 表示“松开”，联想神经“松脱”致瘫
搭配partial paralysis; facial paralysis; cause paralysis
近义palsy; immobility
反义mobility; movement
派生paralyse/paralyze 使瘫痪；paralytic 瘫痪的
The accident left him with partial paralysis in both legs.
那场事故导致他双腿部分瘫痪。
74pneumonia
肺炎
讲解不可数名词，指肺部感染，雅思健康类听力阅读常出现
记忆pneumon- 表示“肺”，-ia 表示“病”，即“肺部的病”
搭配contract pneumonia; pneumonia vaccine; die of pneumonia
近义lung infection
派生pneumonic 肺炎的
Elderly patients with pneumonia often need immediate hospital treatment.
患肺炎的老年患者往往需要立即住院治疗。
75poliomyelitis
脊髓灰质炎
讲解不可数名词，正式医学名称，日常常简称 polio
记忆polio- 表示“灰质”，myel- 表示“脊髓”，-itis 表示“炎症”
搭配eradicate poliomyelitis; polio vaccine; polio outbreak
近义polio; infantile paralysis
派生poliovirus 脊髓灰质炎病毒
Poliomyelitis has been almost eradicated thanks to worldwide vaccination programs.
由于全球疫苗接种计划，脊髓灰质炎几乎已被根除。
76rabies
狂犬病
讲解不可数名词，指狂犬病；常见于公共卫生与医学类阅读，注意搭配 contract/spread rabies
搭配rabies vaccine, rabies virus, contract rabies
近义hydrophobia（旧称）
派生rabid（患狂犬病的；狂热的）
Rabies is almost always fatal once the symptoms appear, so prompt vaccination after a bite is essential.
狂犬病一旦出现症状几乎总是致命的，因此被咬伤后及时接种疫苗至关重要。
77scarlet fever
猩红热
讲解不可数名词，由链球菌引起，症状包括红疹与发热；医学史类阅读高频
搭配contract scarlet fever, scarlet fever outbreak
近义scarlatina（医学同义词）
派生scarlet（猩红的）
Scarlet fever, once a leading cause of child mortality, is now easily treated with antibiotics.
猩红热曾是儿童死亡的主要原因之一，如今用抗生素很容易治愈。
78smallpox
天花
讲解不可数名词；常与 eradicate, wipe out 搭配，是疫苗与公共卫生话题的经典例证
搭配smallpox vaccine, eradicate smallpox
近义variola（医学名称）
派生pox（痘）
Smallpox was declared eradicated in 1980 after a worldwide vaccination campaign.
经过全球疫苗接种运动，天花于1980年被宣布根除。
79swamp fever
疟疾
讲解疟疾的旧称/俗称，正式医学用词为 malaria；多出现在历史或地方病语境
搭配swamp fever outbreak, tropical swamp fever
近义malaria, marsh fever
派生swampy（沼泽般的）
Swamp fever, or malaria, remains a major killer in many tropical regions.
沼泽热，即疟疾，在许多热带地区仍是主要致死疾病。
80tumour
肿瘤
讲解英式拼写，美式为 tumor；可数名词，常分 benign（良性）与 malignant（恶性）
搭配benign tumour, malignant tumour, remove a tumour
近义neoplasm, growth
派生tumourous（肿瘤的）
The scan revealed a benign tumour that posed no immediate threat to her health.
扫描显示一个良性肿瘤，对她的健康没有直接威胁。
81dopamine
多巴胺
讲解不可数名词，神经递质；常与 release, levels, reward 搭配，心理学与医学阅读高频
搭配dopamine levels, release dopamine, dopamine receptors
近义neurochemical messenger
派生dopaminergic（多巴胺能的）
Dopamine plays a key role in motivation, reward and the brain's pleasure system.
多巴胺在动机、奖赏以及大脑的愉悦系统中起关键作用。
82lipoprotein
脂蛋白
讲解可数名词，医学语境指血液中运输脂质的蛋白质复合物，常与 high/low levels 连用
记忆lipo-(脂肪) + protein(蛋白质)，即“运脂肪的蛋白质”
搭配low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein, lipoprotein level
近义lipid-protein complex, apolipoprotein
派生lipoproteinemia
Doctors warn that high levels of lipoprotein can increase the risk of heart disease.
医生警告说，高水平的脂蛋白会增加患心脏病的风险。
83genome
基因组，染色体组
讲解可数名词，指一个生物体全部遗传物质；常与 map, sequence, decode 等动词搭配
记忆gene(基因) + -ome(整体、全部)，即“全部基因的集合”
搭配human genome, genome sequencing, map the genome
近义genetic makeup, genetic code
派生genomic, genomics
Scientists have finally mapped the entire human genome after decades of research.
经过数十年的研究，科学家们终于绘制出了完整的人类基因组图谱。
84surgery
外科
讲解不可数名词，指外科手术；have/undergo surgery 表示“接受手术”，常接 for/on 说明部位
记忆与 surgeon(外科医生)同源，源自希腊语 kheirourgia“手工操作”
搭配undergo surgery, plastic surgery, major surgery, surgery on the knee
近义operation, surgical procedure
派生surgeon, surgical, surgically
She decided to undergo surgery to remove the tumor from her lung.
她决定接受手术，切除肺部的肿瘤。
85anesthesia
麻醉
讲解不可数名词，指麻醉状态或麻醉剂；常用 general/local anesthesia 区分全身与局部
记忆an-(无) + esthesia(感觉)，即“失去感觉”
搭配general anesthesia, local anesthesia, under anesthesia
近义numbing, sedation
派生anesthetic, anesthetist, anesthetize
The patient was given general anesthesia before the operation began.
手术开始前，病人被实施了全身麻醉。
86pacifier
使人安定的东西；镇静物
讲解可数名词；本义“安抚物”，美式英语常指婴儿奶嘴，英式多用 dummy
记忆来自 pacify(使平静)，-er 表“起……作用的东西”
搭配give a baby a pacifier, suck on a pacifier
近义comforter, dummy, soother
派生pacify, pacifism, pacifist
The crying baby calmed down as soon as his mother gave him a pacifier.
母亲一给婴儿安抚奶嘴，哭闹的孩子就安静了下来。
87blood transfusion
输血
讲解可数名词短语，指将血液输入体内；常与 give, need, receive 连用
记忆blood(血) + transfusion(注入、转移)，即“把血输进去”
搭配give a blood transfusion, receive a blood transfusion, emergency transfusion
近义blood replacement, transfusion
派生transfuse, transfusable
After the accident, he needed an emergency blood transfusion to replace the blood he had lost.
事故发生后，他需要紧急输血来补充失去的血液。
88bloodstream
血流
讲解可数名词，常用单数形式 the bloodstream，指全身循环的血液系统
搭配enter the bloodstream, into the bloodstream, in the bloodstream
近义blood circulation, blood flow
派生blood 血液 + stream 溪流
The drug is absorbed into the bloodstream within twenty minutes of being swallowed.
这种药物在被吞下后二十分钟内就会被吸收进血液。
89transplant
移植
讲解既可作名词（a transplant）也可作动词（transplant an organ），医学语境常搭配 organ
搭配organ transplant, heart transplant, transplant surgery
近义graft, implantation
派生transplantation 移植（术）
记忆trans-（转移）+ plant（种植）→ 把器官移到别处
He waited three years for a suitable kidney transplant before finally receiving one.
他等了三年才等到合适的肾脏移植手术。
90stitches
缝线
讲解常用复数 stitches，表示缝针；have/need stitches 指需要缝针
搭配have stitches, remove stitches, put in stitches
近义sutures
派生stitch 作动词，意为缝合
The wound was deep, so the doctor used ten stitches to close it properly.
伤口很深，所以医生用了十针才把它缝好。
91operating theatre
手术室
讲解英式英语常用 operating theatre，美式英语多说 operating room
搭配in the operating theatre, an operating theatre nurse
近义operating room, surgery
派生operate 做手术 + theatre 剧场→手术观摩室
Only medical staff are allowed to enter the operating theatre during surgery.
手术期间只有医务人员可以进入手术室。
92instruments
手术器械
讲解医学语境中 instruments 特指手术器械，常与 surgical 连用
搭配surgical instruments, sterilise instruments, dental instruments
近义tools, equipment
派生instrument 也可指乐器、仪器
All surgical instruments must be sterilised before every operation to prevent infection.
为防止感染，所有手术器械在每次手术前都必须消毒。
93thermometer
温度计
讲解可数名词，测体温常用 put/place a thermometer under the tongue
搭配digital thermometer, take one's temperature with a thermometer
近义temperature gauge
派生thermo-（热）+ meter（测量）→ 测热的仪器
The nurse placed the thermometer under his tongue and recorded a temperature of 39 degrees.
护士把温度计放在他舌下，记录到三十九度的体温。
94mercury
水银
讲解不可数名词，化学符号Hg；作定语时用mercury或mercurial
搭配mercury thermometer, mercury poisoning, mercury vapour
近义quicksilver
派生mercurial (多变的；含汞的)
Old thermometers contained mercury, which is now banned because of its high toxicity.
旧式温度计含有水银，由于毒性高，现已被禁用。
95scalpel
手术刀
讲解可数名词，指外科手术用的刀具；引申义为「解剖刀般的犀利」
搭配a sharp scalpel, under the scalpel, scalpel blade
近义surgical knife, lancet
派生scalpel-like (刀刃般锋利的)
The surgeon picked up the scalpel and made a precise incision along the marked line.
外科医生拿起手术刀，沿标记线做了一个精准的切口。
96sensor
感测器
讲解可数名词，常与monitor/measure/detect连用；医学语境多指生物传感器
搭配a remote sensor, sensor data, biosensor
近义detector, probe
派生sensing (传感的), sensor-based
Wearable sensors can monitor a patient's heart rate and blood oxygen around the clock.
可穿戴感测器可以全天候监测患者的心率和血氧。
97bandage
绷带
讲解可数名词，既可指绷带也可作动词「包扎」；sterile/clean是常见修饰语
搭配a sterile bandage, change a bandage, bandage up
近义dressing, gauze
派生bandaged (缠着绷带的)
The nurse cleaned the wound carefully and wrapped a sterile bandage around his knee.
护士仔细清洗了伤口，并在他的膝盖上缠上了无菌绷带。
98gauze
纱布
讲解不可数名词，医用纱布；口语中也泛指薄纱织物
搭配sterile gauze, gauze pad, gauze dressing
近义dressing, muslin
派生gauzy (薄纱般的)
The doctor pressed a piece of sterile gauze over the cut to stop the bleeding.
医生用一块无菌纱布压住伤口止血。
99tablet
药片
讲解可数名词，指压制成的片剂药；也指平板电脑或刻写用的碑板
搭配take a tablet, sleeping tablet, effervescent tablet
近义pill, capsule
派生tablet form (片剂形式)
Take one tablet with water after each meal, and do not exceed the stated dose.
每餐后用水服用一片药片，且不要超过规定剂量。
100compress
敷布
讲解作名词指冷/热敷布，医学护理常用；作动词意为压紧、压缩，注意两义区分
搭配cold compress, hot compress, apply a compress
近义dressing, poultice
派生compressible, compression
The nurse applied a cold compress to his forehead to bring down the fever.
护士把冷敷布敷在他额头上以降温。
101sticking plaster
橡皮膏，胶布
讲解英式说法，指带药棉的胶布；美式常说 adhesive bandage 或 Band-Aid
搭配put on a sticking plaster, a strip of sticking plaster
近义adhesive bandage, bandage
派生plaster
She covered the small cut on her finger with a sticking plaster.
她用一块橡皮膏包住了手指上的小伤口。
102plaster
石膏
讲解医学上指固定骨折的石膏，常用 in plaster；作动词意为涂抹、粘贴
搭配in plaster, put a leg in plaster, plaster cast
近义cast, splint
派生plastered, plasterer
His leg was in plaster for six weeks after he broke his ankle.
他脚踝骨折后，腿打了六周石膏。
103bedridden (
因病或受伤)卧床不起的
讲解形容词，指因病或伤长期卧床；常与 be, become 连用，强调长期状态
搭配be bedridden, become bedridden, bedridden patient
近义confined to bed, housebound
反义mobile, ambulant
After the stroke, he was bedridden for months and needed full-time care.
中风后，他卧床不起数月，需要全天候照料。
104maternity
孕妇的，产妇的
讲解形容词，指与孕妇、产妇相关的；也作名词指母性
搭配maternity leave, maternity ward, maternity hospital
近义maternal, prenatal
派生maternal, maternity
She took maternity leave three weeks before her baby was due.
她在预产期前三周开始休产假。
105neonatal
新生儿的
讲解形容词，指新生儿的，多用于医学语境，常修饰 care, unit, mortality
搭配neonatal care, neonatal unit, neonatal mortality
近义newborn, infant
派生neonate, neonatology
The neonatal unit cares for premature babies around the clock.
新生儿病房全天候照护早产婴儿。
106submissive
顺从的，温顺的
讲解形容人服从、不反抗，医学语境常描述病人配合度高，也含被动、缺乏主见的意味
搭配be submissive to, remain submissive, a submissive attitude
近义obedient, compliant, docile
反义rebellious, defiant
派生submission, submit, submissively
The patient remained submissive throughout the examination, following every instruction without complaint.
整个检查过程中，这位病人始终很顺从，毫无怨言地遵从每一项指示。
107debilitating
使人虚弱的
讲解形容疾病、症状使人虚弱无力，常与 illness、condition、pain 等搭配，语气较正式
搭配a debilitating disease, debilitating pain, physically debilitating
近义weakening, enfeebling, exhausting
反义invigorating, strengthening
派生debilitate, debilitation, debilitated
Chronic arthritis can be a debilitating condition that makes even simple daily tasks extremely difficult.
慢性关节炎可能是一种使人虚弱的疾病，连简单的日常事务都变得极其困难。
108deceased
死去的，去世的
讲解正式用词，指刚去世的人；the deceased 可作名词指死者，法律、医学文书中常见
搭配the deceased patient, deceased donor, the recently deceased
近义dead, departed, late
反义living, alive
派生decease, dying
The deceased was identified by dental records three days after the accident.
事故三天后，死者通过牙科记录被确认了身份。
109hydroxide
氢氧化物
讲解化学名词，指含氢氧根（OH⁻）的化合物，常与金属名连用构成具体物质名称
记忆hydro-（水、氢）+ oxide（氧化物），即“与氢氧结合的化合物”
搭配sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide
派生hydroxyl, hydrate, oxide
Sodium hydroxide is a strong base commonly used in laboratories to adjust pH levels.
氢氧化钠是一种强碱，实验室中常用来调节 pH 值。
110sodium
钠
讲解金属元素，符号 Na；日常多指食盐中的钠，医学中常谈 sodium intake、sodium level
记忆元素符号 Na 来自拉丁语 natrium，故化学名词多用 sodium
搭配sodium chloride, sodium intake, low-sodium diet
派生sodium-free, natrium
Doctors often advise patients with high blood pressure to reduce their sodium intake.
医生常建议高血压患者减少钠的摄入量。
111carbonate
碳酸盐
讲解化学名词，指含碳酸根（CO₃²⁻）的盐，常与金属名连用，医学中如 calcium carbonate 作补钙剂
记忆carbon（碳）+ -ate（盐类后缀），即“碳酸形成的盐”
搭配calcium carbonate, sodium carbonate, carbonate ions
派生carbonic, carbon dioxide, bicarbonate
Calcium carbonate is the main component of limestone, shells and even some antacid tablets.
碳酸钙是石灰石、贝壳乃至某些抗酸药片的主要成分。
112glutamate
谷氨酸；谷酸盐
讲解医学语境中 glutamate 多指谷氨酸（神经递质），也可指谷氨酸盐
搭配monosodium glutamate, glutamate receptor, glutamate levels
近义glutamic acid, glutaminate
派生glutamatergic (adj. 谷氨酸能的)
Glutamate is a major excitatory neurotransmitter that plays a key role in memory and learning.
谷氨酸是一种主要的兴奋性神经递质，在记忆和学习中起着关键作用。
113alkali
碱
讲解化学/医学中指碱，常与 acid 相对；alkali 多指可溶性碱
搭配alkali metal, alkali solution, alkali burns
近义base, caustic
反义acid
派生alkaline (adj. 碱性的), alkalinity (n. 碱度)
The nurse warned that the cleaning agent contained a strong alkali that could burn the skin.
护士提醒说这种清洁剂含有强碱，可能会灼伤皮肤。
114glycerine
丙三醇，甘油
讲解英式拼写 glycerine，美式常作 glycerin；医学上用作润肤剂和溶剂
搭配glycerine suppository, glycerine solution, vegetable glycerine
近义glycerol, glycerin
派生glyceride (n. 甘油酯)
Glycerine is often added to cough syrups to soothe a sore throat and retain moisture.
甘油常被加入止咳糖浆中，以缓解喉咙痛并保持水分。
115fluoride
氟化物
讲解氟化物；牙科中适量 fluoride 可防龋，过量则致氟斑牙
搭配fluoride toothpaste, fluoride treatment, fluoride levels
派生fluoridate (v. 加氟), fluoridation (n. 加氟)
Excessive fluoride in drinking water can cause discolouration of the teeth in young children.
饮用水中氟化物过量会导致幼儿牙齿变色。